第二，关于坚持和完善基本经济制度。坚持和完善公有制为主体、多种所有制经济共同发展的基本经济制度，关系巩固和发展中国特色社会主义制度的重要支柱。
Two, adhering to and improving
the basic economic system. The basic economic system with public ownership as
the mainstay of the economy and economic entities of diverse ownership
developing together is an important pillar of the socialist system with Chinese
characteristics and is the foundation of the socialist market economy.
改革开放以来，我国所有制结构逐步调整，公有制经济和非公有制经济在发展经济、促进就业等方面的比重不断变化，增强了经济社会发展活力。在这种情况下，如何更好体现和坚持公有制主体地位，进一步探索基本经济制度有效实现形式，是摆在我们面前的一个重大课题。
Since the introduction of the
reform and opening-up policies in 1978, the structure of ownership has
undergone gradual adjustment, with changing weight of public and non-public
sectors in their contribution to the economy and employment. The economy and
society grew more vigorous during the process. Under such circumstances, how to
better recognize the dominant position of public ownership and stick to this
position and how to further explore the effective forms for materializing the
basic economic system have become major topics for us.
全会决定强调必须毫不动摇巩固和发展公有制经济，坚持公有制主体地位，发挥国有经济主导作用，不断增强国有经济活力、控制力、影响力。
It is emphasized in the Decision that we must unswervingly
consolidate and develop the public economy, persist in the dominant position of
public ownership, give full play to the leading role of the state-owned
economy, and incessantly increase its vitality, control and influence.
全会决定坚持和发展党的十五大以来有关论述，提出要积极发展混合所有制经济，强调国有资本、集体资本、非公有资本等交叉持股、相互融合的混合所有制经济，是基本经济制度的重要实现形式，有利于国有资本放大功能、保值增值、提高竞争力。这是新形势下坚持公有制主体地位，增强国有经济活力、控制力、影响力的一个有效途径和必然选择。
Adhering to and furthering the
relevant deliberations made since the Party’s 15th National Congress, the Decision proposes to vigorously develop
a mixed economy. It stresses that a mixed economy with cross-shareholding by
and blending of state-owned capital, collective capital and non-public capital
is an important way to materialize the basic economic system of China. It helps
to improve the functions of state-owned capital, increase its value and raise
its competitiveness. This is an effective channel and inevitable choice for us
to adhere to the dominant role of the public economy and improve its vitality,
control and influence in the new circumstances.
全会决定提出，完善国有资产管理体制，以管资本为主加强国有资产监管，改革国有资本授权经营体制；国有资本投资运营要服务于国家战略目标，更多投向关系国家安全、国民经济命脉的重要行业和关键领域，重点提供公共服务、发展重要前瞻性战略性产业、保护生态环境、支持科技进步、保障国家安全；划转部分国有资本充实社会保障基金；提高国有资本收益上缴公共财政比例，更多用于保障和改善民生。
The Decision states that China will improve the state assets
management system, strengthen state assets oversight with capital management at
the core, reform the authorized operation mechanism for state capital.
State-owned capital investment operations must serve the strategic goals of the
state, invest more in key industries and areas that are vital to national
security and are the lifeblood of the economy, focus on offering public
services, develop important and forward-looking strategic industries, protect
the ecological environment, support scientific and technological progress, and
guarantee national security. The government will transfer part of the
state-owned capital to social security funds. We will increase the proportion
of state-owned capital gains that are turned over to the public finance, to be used
to ensure and improve the people’s livelihood.
国有企业是推进国家现代化、保障人民共同利益的重要力量。经过多年改革，国有企业总体上已经同市场经济相融合。同时，国有企业也积累了一些问题、存在一些弊端，需要进一步推进改革。全会决定提出一系列有针对性的改革举措，包括国有资本加大对公益性企业的投入；国有资本继续控股经营的自然垄断行业，实行以政企分开、政资分开、特许经营、政府监管为主要内容的改革，根据不同行业特点实行网运分开、放开竞争性业务；健全协调运转、有效制衡的公司法人治理结构；建立职业经理人制度，更好发挥企业家作用；建立长效激励约束机制，强化国有企业经营投资责任追究；探索推进国有企业财务预算等重大信息公开；国有企业要合理增加市场化选聘比例，合理确定并严格规范国有企业管理人员薪酬水平、职务待遇、职务消费、业务消费。这些举措将推动国有企业完善现代企业制度、提高经营效率、合理承担社会责任、更好发挥作用。
State-owned enterprises (SOEs)
constitute an important force for advancing national modernization and
protecting the common interests of the people. Through many years of reform,
SOEs have generally assimilated themselves into the market economy. In the
meantime, however, they have also found problems and drawbacks in their system,
which calls for further reform. The Decision
proposes a series of targeted reform measures: We must ensure that
state-owned capital increases its input into public-welfare enterprises; in
natural monopoly industries held by state-owned capital, carry out a reform
focusing on separation of government administration from enterprise management
and from state assets, franchise operation, and government oversight, separate
networks from operations and decontrol competitive businesses based on the
characteristics of different industries; improve the corporate governance
structure with coordinated operations and effective checks and balances;
establish a system of professional managers, and give better play to the role
of business executives; establish a long-term incentive and restraint
mechanism, and strengthen investigations into the accountability of SOE
operations and investment; explore ways to publicize important information,
including SOE financial budgets; and SOEs should appropriately increase the
proportion of market-oriented recruitment, and rationally determine and
strictly regulate the salary standards, position benefits, position-related
expenses and business spending of SOE management personnel. These measures will
stimulate SOEs to improve the modern corporate system, enhance their operating
efficiency, better fulfill their social obligations, and play a better role in
the economy.
坚持和完善基本经济制度必须坚持“两个毫不动摇”。全会决定从多个层面提出鼓励、支持、引导非公有制经济发展，激发非公有制经济活力和创造力的改革举措。在功能定位上，明确公有制经济和非公有制经济都是社会主义市场经济的重要组成部分，都是我国经济社会发展的重要基础；在产权保护上，明确提出公有制经济财产权不可侵犯，非公有制经济财产权同样不可侵犯；在政策待遇上，强调坚持权利平等、机会平等、规则平等，实行统一的市场准入制度；鼓励非公有制企业参与国有企业改革，鼓励发展非公有资本控股的混合所有制企业，鼓励有条件的私营企业建立现代企业制度。这将推动非公有制经济健康发展。
We must adhere to the “two
unswervinglies” in order to continue and improve our basic economic system. The
Decision proposes reform measures on
multiple levels to encourage, support and guide the development of the
non-public sector of the economy, and to stimulate its vigor and creativity. On
functional positioning, the Decision
points out that both the public and non-public sectors of the economy are
important components of the socialist market economy, and an important basis
for China’s economic and social development. On the protection of property
rights, the Decision points out that
the property rights of both the public and non-public sectors of the economy
are inviolable. On policy treatment, the Decision
stresses equal rights, opportunities, rules, and a unified market access
system. The Decision encourages
non-public enterprises to participate in the reform of SOEs, encourages
development of mixed-ownership enterprises in which private capital holds
majority shares, and encourages qualified private enterprises to establish a
modern corporate system. All these will contribute to the healthy development
of the non-public sector of the economy.
第三，关于深化财税体制改革。财政是国家治理的基础和重要支柱，科学的财税体制是优化资源配置、维护市场统一、促进社会公平、实现国家长治久安的制度保障。现行财税体制是在1994年分税制改革的基础上逐步完善形成的，对实现政府财力增强和经济快速发展的双赢目标发挥了重要作用。
Three, deepening the reform of
the fiscal and taxation systems. Finance is the foundation and an important
pillar of state governance. Good fiscal and taxation systems are the
institutional guarantee for improving resources allocation, maintaining market
unity, promoting social equity, and realizing enduring peace and stability.
Developed on the basis of the tax distribution system reform initiated in 1994,
the current fiscal and taxation systems have played an important role in
increasing the government’s financial strength and promoting the rapid growth
of the economy.
随着形势发展变化，现行财税体制已经不完全适应合理划分中央和地方事权、完善国家治理的客观要求，不完全适应转变经济发展方式、促进经济社会持续健康发展的现实需要，我国经济社会发展中的一些突出矛盾和问题也与财税体制不健全有关。
As the situation changes, the current
fiscal and taxation systems cannot effectively respond to the requirements for
dividing powers between the central and local governments to improve state
governance. They have lagged behind our effort to transform the economic growth
pattern and promote the sustainable and healthy development of the economy and
society, and are causing problems that hinder economic and social development.
这次全面深化改革，财税体制改革是重点之一。主要涉及改进预算管理制度，完善税收制度，建立事权和支出责任相适应的制度等。
Fiscal and taxation system reform
is one of the key points in deepening reform comprehensively. The reform mainly
includes improvement of the budgeting and taxation systems, and establishment
of a system in which authority of office matches responsibility for
expenditure.
全会决定提出，要实施全面规范、公开透明的预算制度，适度加强中央事权和支出责任，国防、外交、国家安全、关系全国统一市场规则和管理等作为中央事权；部分社会保障、跨区域重大项目建设维护等作为中央和地方共同事权，逐步理顺事权关系；中央可通过安排转移支付将部分事权支出责任委托地方承担；对于跨区域且对其他地区影响较大的公共服务，中央通过转移支付承担一部分地方事权支出责任。
The Decision stipulates that we will adopt a complete, standardized,
open and transparent budget system, and appropriately increase the authority of
office and responsibility of expenditure of the central government, including
those concerning national defense, foreign affairs, national security, and
unified national market rules and management. The authority of office over some
social security programs, and the construction and maintenance of major
trans-regional projects will be shared by the central and local governments,
and the authority of office will be gradually clarified in this regard. The central
government can delegate some expenditure responsibilities to local governments
through transfer payments. In terms of trans-regional public services with
great impacts on other regions, the central government will share some of the
expenditure responsibilities of local governments through transfer payments.
这些改革举措的主要目的是明确事权、改革税制、稳定税负、透明预算、提高效率，加快形成有利于转变经济发展方式、有利于建立公平统一市场、有利于推进基本公共服务均等化的现代财政制度，形成中央和地方财力与事权相匹配的财税体制，更好发挥中央和地方两个积极性。
The main aim of the reform is to
clarify authority of office, reform and stabilize taxation, implement
transparent budgeting and increase efficiency. It also aims to accelerate the
development of a modern fiscal system that is conducive to the transformation
of the economic growth pattern, the establishment of a fair market under
unified rules, and the promotion of equal access to basic public services;
develop fiscal and taxation systems that are compatible with the financial
resources and authority of office of the central and local governments; and
mobilize the initiative of both the central and local governments.
财税体制改革需要一个过程，逐步到位。中央已经明确，要保持现有中央和地方财力格局总体稳定，进一步理顺中央和地方收入划分。
Reform of the fiscal and taxation
systems is a step-by-step process and will take some time to complete. The
Party Central Committee has clearly stated that we must maintain the stability
of the current financial pattern of the central and local governments and
further rationalize the division of revenues between them.
第四，关于健全城乡发展一体化体制机制。城乡发展不平衡不协调，是我国经济社会发展存在的突出矛盾，是全面建成小康社会、加快推进社会主义现代化必须解决的重大问题。改革开放以来，我国农村面貌发生了翻天覆地的变化。但是，城乡二元结构没有根本改变，城乡发展差距不断拉大趋势没有根本扭转。根本解决这些问题，必须推进城乡发展一体化。
Four, improving mechanisms and
institutions for the integrated development of urban and rural areas. The
unbalanced development between urban and rural areas is a serious problem
hindering the development of our economy and society, a major problem we must
solve in order to complete the building of a moderately prosperous society in
all respects and accelerate socialist modernization. Tremendous changes have
taken place in China’s rural areas since the reform and opening-up policy was
introduced in late 1978. However, the urban-rural dual structure has not
changed fundamentally, and the widening gap between urban and rural development
has not been reversed. To solve these problems, we must push forward the
integrated development of urban and rural areas.
全会决定提出，必须健全体制机制，形成以工促农、以城带乡、工农互惠、城乡一体的新型工农城乡关系，让广大农民平等参与现代化进程、共同分享现代化成果。
The Decision sates that we must improve the mechanisms and
institutions to form new relations between industry and agriculture and between
urban and rural areas in which industry promotes agriculture, urban areas
support rural development, agriculture and industry benefit each other, and
there is integrated urban and rural development, so that the overwhelming
majority of farmers can participate in the modernization process on an equal
basis and share the fruits of modernization.
全会决定提出了健全城乡发展一体化体制机制的改革举措。一是加快构建新型农业经营体系。主要是坚持家庭经营在农业中的基础性地位，鼓励土地承包经营权在公开市场上向专业大户、家庭农场、农民合作社、农业企业流转，鼓励农村发展合作经济，鼓励和引导工商资本到农村发展适合企业化经营的现代种养业，允许农民以土地承包经营权入股发展农业产业化经营等。二是赋予农民更多财产权利。主要是依法维护农民土地承包经营权，保障农民集体经济组织成员权利，保障农户宅基地用益物权，慎重稳妥推进农民住房财产权抵押、担保、转让试点。三是推进城乡要素平等交换和公共资源均衡配置。主要是保障农民工同工同酬，保障农民公平分享土地增值收益；完善农业保险制度；鼓励社会资本投向农村建设，允许企业和社会组织在农村兴办各类事业；统筹城乡义务教育资源均衡配置，整合城乡居民基本养老保险制度、基本医疗保险制度，推进城乡最低生活保障制度统筹发展，稳步推进城镇基本公共服务常住人口全覆盖，把进城落户农民完全纳入城镇住房和社会保障体系。
The Decision proposes a series of reform measures to improve the
mechanisms and institutions for integrated development of urban and rural
areas: One, accelerating the building of a new type of agricultural operation
system. We will maintain the dominant status of family operation in agriculture;
encourage the transfer of contracted land-use right to big, specialized
operators, family farms, farmers’ cooperatives and agricultural enterprises;
encourage rural areas to develop the cooperative economy; encourage and guide
industrial and commercial capital to invest in rural areas to develop modern
planting and breeding industries suited for commercialized management; and
allow farmers to develop industrialized operation of agriculture by becoming
shareholders using their contracted land-use right, among other measures. Two,
endowing farmers with more property rights. We will protect farmers’ contracted
land-use rights by law, safeguard the rights and interests of farmers as the
members of collective economic organizations, ensure rural households’ homestead
usufruct, and select several pilot areas to steadily and prudently push forward
the mortgage, guarantee and transfer of farmers’ residential property rights.
Three, promoting equal exchanges of factors of production and balanced
allocation of public resources between urban and rural areas. We will ensure
migrant workers receive equal pay for equal work, and ensure farmers equally
share the gains from added value of land; improve the agricultural insurance
system; encourage investment in rural development, and permit enterprises and
social organizations to start all kinds of undertakings in rural areas; make a
balanced allocation of compulsory education resources between urban and rural
areas, integrate the basic old-age insurance and health-care insurance systems
of urban and rural residents, and improve the balanced development of the
minimum living allowance system in both urban and rural areas; and steadily
make basic urban public services available to all permanent residents in
cities, and incorporate farmers who have registered as urban residents into the
urban housing and social security network. |
