第五，关于推进协商民主广泛多层制度化发展。协商民主是我国社会主义民主政治的特有形式和独特优势，是党的群众路线在政治领域的重要体现。推进协商民主，有利于完善人民有序政治参与、密切党同人民群众的血肉联系、促进决策科学化民主化。
Five, promoting wide,
multi-tiered and institutionalized consultative democracy. Consultative
democracy is a unique form and distinctive advantage of China’s socialist
democracy, and an important embodiment of the Party’s mass line in the
political field. Promoting consultative democracy is conducive to improving the
people’s orderly participation in political affairs, strengthening the ties
between the Party and the people, and promoting scientific and democratic
decision-making.
全会决定把推进协商民主广泛多层制度化发展作为政治体制改革的重要内容，强调在党的领导下，以经济社会发展重大问题和涉及群众切身利益的实际问题为内容，在全社会开展广泛协商，坚持协商于决策之前和决策实施之中。要构建程序合理、环节完整的协商民主体系，拓宽国家政权机关、政协组织、党派团体、基层组织、社会组织的协商渠道；深入开展立法协商、行政协商、民主协商、参政协商、社会协商；发挥统一战线在协商民主中的重要作用，发挥人民政协作为协商民主重要渠道作用，完善人民政协制度体系，规范协商内容、协商程序，拓展协商民主形式，更加活跃有序地组织专题协商、对口协商、界别协商、提案办理协商，增加协商密度，提高协商成效。
Promoting wide, multi-tiered and
institutionalized consultative democracy is an important content of political
restructuring as stipulated in the Decision.
It stresses that, under the leadership of the Party, China will promote
consultation throughout society with regard to major issues of economic and
social development and practical issues closely related to the interests of the
people, and adhere to the principle of consultation before policy-making and
during policy implementation. We will build a consultative democracy featuring
appropriate procedures and complete segments to expand the consultation
channels of the organs of state power, committees of the Chinese People’s Political
Consultative Conference, political parties, and community-level and social
organizations; conduct intensive consultations on issues relating to
legislation, administration, democracy, political participation and social
problems; give full play to the important role of the united front in
consultative democracy, make the Chinese People’s Political Consultative
Conference serve as a major channel for conducting consultative democracy,
improve the system of the CPPCC, specifying the contents and procedures for
consultation, increase the forms of consultative democracy, and more actively
carry out consultations on particular topics, and with specialists and
representatives from all sectors of society, and with the relevant government
departments on the handling of proposals, to improve the intensity and
effectiveness of the consultations.
第六，关于改革司法体制和运行机制。司法体制是政治体制的重要组成部分。这些年来，群众对司法不公的意见比较集中，司法公信力不足很大程度上与司法体制和工作机制不合理有关。
Six, reforming the judiciary and
its operation mechanism. The judiciary is an important component of the
political system. Miscarriage of justice has been a major concern of the people
in recent years, and the judiciary suffers a lack of credibility largely due to
its current system and operation mechanism, which need improvement.
司法改革是这次全面深化改革的重点之一。全会决定提出了一系列相互关联的新举措，包括改革司法管理体制，推动省以下地方法院、检察院人财物统一管理，探索建立与行政区划适当分离的司法管辖制度；健全司法权力运行机制，完善主审法官、合议庭办案责任制，让审判者裁判、由裁判者负责；严格规范减刑、假释、保外就医程序；健全错案防止、纠正、责任追究机制，严格实行非法证据排除规则；建立涉法涉诉信访依法终结制度；废止劳动教养制度，完善对违法犯罪行为的惩治和矫正法律，等等。
Judiciary reform is one of the
key points in deepening reform comprehensively. The Decision puts forward a series of new and related measures in the
following aspects: reform of the judicial management system, unification of the
management of staff, funds and properties of courts and procuratorates below
the provincial level and exploration of ways to establish a judicial
jurisdiction system that is appropriately separated from the administrative
divisions; improvement of the mechanism for the use of judicial power;
improvement of the responsibility system for handling cases by the presiding
judge and the collegiate bench, by which the judges hand down verdicts and the
collegiate bench is responsible for carrying them out; strict regulation of the
procedures of sentence commuting, release on parole and medical parole;
improvement of the mechanism for preventing and correcting wrong cases and the
accountability system, and strict implementation of the rule banning illegal
evidence; establishment of a conclusion system in accordance with the law for
complaints in the form of letters and petitions involving legal issues; and
abolition of the Laojiao (or
re-education through labor system) and improvement of laws for the punishment
and correction of unlawful and criminal acts.
这些改革举措，对确保司法机关依法独立行使审判权和检察权、健全权责明晰的司法权力运行机制、提高司法透明度和公信力、更好保障人权都具有重要意义。
These measures are of vital
significance for ensuring that judicial departments independently exercise
their judicial and procuratorial powers according to law, improving the
judicial power operation mechanism in which rights and responsibilities are
clear, improving judicial transparency and credibility, and safeguarding human
rights.
第七，关于健全反腐败领导体制和工作机制。反腐败问题一直是党内外议论较多的问题。目前的问题主要是，反腐败机构职能分散、形不成合力，有些案件难以坚决查办，腐败案件频发却责任追究不够。
Seven, improving leading and
working mechanisms for anti-corruption efforts. Fighting corruption has always
been a widely discussed topic inside and outside the Party. We are now mainly
challenged in the following problems: Anti-corruption forces performing
functions separately makes it difficult to build up synergy; some cases are not
dealt with resolutely; and the accountability system is too lax to handle
reoccurring corruption cases.
全会决定对加强反腐败体制机制创新和制度保障进行了重点部署。主要是加强党对党风廉政建设和反腐败工作统一领导，明确党委负主体责任、纪委负监督责任，制定实施切实可行的责任追究制度；健全反腐败领导体制和工作机制，改革和完善各级反腐败协调小组职能，规定查办腐败案件以上级纪委领导为主；体现强化上级纪委对下级纪委的领导，规定线索处置和案件查办在向同级党委报告的同时必须向上级纪委报告；全面落实中央纪委向中央一级党和国家机关派驻纪检机构，改进中央和省区市巡视制度，做到对地方、部门、企事业单位全覆盖。
The Decision lays out plans for promoting innovation in the anti-corruption
mechanisms and institutions, and strengthening institutional guarantees. The
main points are: Strengthening the Party’s unified leadership to build a clean
and honest government and combat corruption; ensuring that the Party committees
shoulder the major responsibility and the commission for discipline inspection
takes the responsibility for supervision, and working out and implementing a
feasible accountability system; improving the leading and working mechanisms
for anti-corruption efforts, reforming and improving the function of
anti-corruption coordination groups at all levels, and leaving the
investigation of corruption cases mainly to commissions for discipline
inspection of higher levels; strengthening the leadership role of the higher levels
over the lower levels of the discipline inspection commissions, and the
simultaneous reporting of the related investigation process to the Party
committee at the same level and the commission for discipline inspection at the
next-higher level; and fully ensuring that the Central Commission for
Discipline Inspection dispatch resident discipline inspection agencies to the
central-level departments of the Party and the government, and improving the
discipline inspector system at both the central and local levels, so that it
covers all regions, all sectors, and all enterprises and public institutions.
这些措施都是在总结实践经验、吸收各方面意见的基础上提出来的。
All these measures are based on
past experience and the opinions of various groups and individuals.
第八，关于加快完善互联网管理领导体制。网络和信息安全牵涉到国家安全和社会稳定，是我们面临的新的综合性挑战。
Eight, accelerating the
improvement of the leadership for the management of the Internet. Internet and
information security bear on national security and social stability, and pose
new challenges for us in many aspects.
从实践看，面对互联网技术和应用飞速发展，现行管理体制存在明显弊端，主要是多头管理、职能交叉、权责不一、效率不高。同时，随着互联网媒体属性越来越强，网上媒体管理和产业管理远远跟不上形势发展变化。特别是面对传播快、影响大、覆盖广、社会动员能力强的微客、微信等社交网络和即时通信工具用户的快速增长，如何加强网络法制建设和舆论引导，确保网络信息传播秩序和国家安全、社会稳定，已经成为摆在我们面前的现实突出问题。
Falling behind the rapid
development of Internet technology and applications, our current management of
the Internet is seriously flawed and cannot function properly. Different
administrative bodies engaged in multi-channel management of the Internet,
overlapping functions and mismatch between powers and responsibilities – all
these have led to inefficient management. Also, as the Internet grows into a
new form of media, the management of this online medium and the industry is
lagging far behind the development of the business. With fast growth in the
users of micro-blogs, WeChat and other social network services and instant
communication tools, which spread information quickly and can mobilize large
numbers of users, how to strengthen oversight within a legal framework and
guide public opinion, and how to ensure the orderly dissemination of online information,
while at the same time safeguarding national security and social stability have
become pressing problems for us.
全会决定提出坚持积极利用、科学发展、依法管理、确保安全的方针，加大依法管理网络力度，完善互联网管理领导体制。目的是整合相关机构职能，形成从技术到内容、从日常安全到打击犯罪的互联网管理合力，确保网络正确运用和安全。
The Decision stipulates that we must adhere to the principles of active
usage, scientific development, management in accordance with the law and
ensuring safety in strengthening management of the Internet in accordance with
the law, and accelerating the improvement of leading institutions for Internet
management. The aim of this is to integrate the functions of the related
departments and form joint forces in the management of the Internet covering
both technology and contents, and ranging from daily security to combating
crimes, to ensure correct and safe Internet usage.
第九，关于设立国家安全委员会。国家安全和社会稳定是改革发展的前提。只有国家安全和社会稳定，改革发展才能不断推进。当前，我国面临对外维护国家主权、安全、发展利益，对内维护政治安全和社会稳定的双重压力，各种可以预见和难以预见的风险因素明显增多。而我们的安全工作体制机制还不能适应维护国家安全的需要，需要搭建一个强有力的平台统筹国家安全工作。设立国家安全委员会，加强对国家安全工作的集中统一领导，已是当务之急。
Nine, establishing the Council of
State Security. National security and social stability form the basis for
further reform and progress. Currently we are challenged by pressure from two
sources: Internationally we must safeguard state sovereignty, national security
and our development interests, and domestically we need to maintain political
and social stability. All kinds of foreseeable and unforeseeable risks are
increasing significantly, but our security system is not good enough to meet
the demands of ensuring national security. We need to establish a strong platform
to coordinate our security work. For this purpose, establishing a state
security council to strengthen unified leadership of national security at the
central level has become an urgent matter.
国家安全委员会主要职责是制定和实施国家安全战略，推进国家安全法治建设，制定国家安全工作方针政策，研究解决国家安全工作中的重大问题。
The main responsibilities of the
Council of State Security are to formulate and implement national security
strategy, promote the national security legislation, design principles and
policies for national security work, and discuss and resolve key issues
concerning national security.
第十，关于健全国家自然资源资产管理体制和完善自然资源监管体制。健全国家自然资源资产管理体制是健全自然资源资产产权制度的一项重大改革，也是建立系统完备的生态文明制度体系的内在要求。
Ten, improving the country’s
natural resources management system and oversight system. Improving the
country’s natural resources management system is an important reform for
developing the property right system for natural resources. It is also the
intrinsic requirement for building an ecologically friendly country with
complete supporting systems.
我国生态环境保护中存在的一些突出问题，一定程度上与体制不健全有关，原因之一是全民所有自然资源资产的所有权人不到位，所有权人权益不落实。针对这一问题，全会决定提出健全国家自然资源资产管理体制的要求。总的思路是按照所有者和管理者分开和一件事由一个部门管理的原则，落实全民所有自然资源资产所有权，建立统一行使全民所有自然资源资产所有权人职责的体制。
Some of our major frustrations in
ecological protection are caused by problems in the ecological management
system. One problem lies in the undefined ownership of natural resources by the
whole people, which leads to problems in the identification of the rights and
interests of the owners. To solve this problem, the Decision puts forth measures for improving the natural resources
management system. The guiding thoughts are: Ensuring people’s property rights
to natural resources according to the principle of separation between ownership
and management, one issue belonging to one department, and establishing a
unified responsibility mechanism for people who act on behalf of the public to
manage public natural resources assets.
国家对全民所有自然资源资产行使所有权并进行管理和国家对国土范围内自然资源行使监管权是不同的，前者是所有权人意义上的权利，后者是管理者意义上的权力。这就需要完善自然资源监管体制，统一行使所有国土空间用途管制职责，使国有自然资源资产所有权人和国家自然资源管理者相互独立、相互配合、相互监督。
There is a difference between the
state’s exercise of power and management over the natural resources assets
owned by the whole people and the state’s supervision and management of the
natural resources within its territory. The former is the owner’s right, while
the latter is the manager’s right. This thus requires us to improve the system
of oversight of natural resources, and fulfill the duties as the manager of our
territorial space. The owners of state-owned natural resources assets and the
managers of state natural resources must act independently, while cooperating
with and supervising each other.
我们要认识到，山水林田湖是一个生命共同体，人的命脉在田，田的命脉在水，水的命脉在山，山的命脉在土，土的命脉在树。用途管制和生态修复必须遵循自然规律，如果种树的只管种树、治水的只管治水、护田的单纯护田，很容易顾此失彼，最终造成生态的系统性破坏。由一个部门负责领土范围内所有国土空间用途管制职责，对山水林田湖进行统一保护、统一修复是十分必要的。
We need to realize that our
mountains, waters, forests, farmlands and lakes form a community of life. The
lifeline of the people comes from the farmland, that of the farmland comes from
the water, that of the water comes from the mountain, that of the mountain
comes from the earth, and that of the earth comes from the tree. To control the
exploitation of natural resources and restore the ecosystem, we must follow the
laws of Nature. If people only tend to their own responsibilities, for example,
growing trees, regulating rivers or protecting farmlands in isolation, they are
prone to gaining in one area and losing in another, which eventually leads to
systemic destruction of the ecology. Therefore, it is of the utmost importance
to put one department in charge of the usage of the entire territory of a
country, and carry out unified protection and restoration programs for its
natural resources.
第十一，关于中央成立全面深化改革领导小组。全面深化改革是一个复杂的系统工程，单靠某一个或某几个部门往往力不从心，这就需要建立更高层面的领导机制。
Eleven, establishing the Leading
Group for Deepening Reform Comprehensively under the CPC Central Committee.
Deepening reform comprehensively is a complicated systems engineering project,
which requires more than one or several departments to carry out. Therefore,
leadership at a higher level should be established for this purpose.
全会决定提出，中央成立全面深化改革领导小组，负责改革总体设计、统筹协调、整体推进、督促落实。这是为了更好发挥党总揽全局、协调各方的领导核心作用，保证改革顺利推进和各项改革任务落实。领导小组的主要职责是：统一部署全国性重大改革，统筹推进各领域改革，协调各方力量形成推进改革合力，加强督促检查，推动全面落实改革目标任务。
The Decision stipulates that the Party Central Committee will set up
the Leading Group for Deepening Reform Comprehensively. This is to give better
play to the Party’s core function as leader having a picture of the whole
situation and as chief coordinator of different aspects, so as to ensure the
reform progresses smoothly and the tasks are implemented as planned. The main
responsibilities of this leading group are planning key national reforms,
promoting coordinated reforms in various fields, coordinating various forces
into a joint force for reform, strengthening supervision and oversight, and
promoting full implementation of the reform’s aim and tasks. |
