三、以增强监督实效为重点，监督工作取得新进展 3. We
made progress in our oversight work with the focus on making our oversight more
effective.
常委会坚持围绕大局、突出重点，认真行使监督职权，着眼于增强监督实效，进一步完善监督方式方法，加大对“一府两院”的监督力度。一年来，共听取审议国务院、最高人民法院、最高人民检察院15个工作报告，检查4部法律实施情况，组织开展3次专题询问和5次专题调研。
The Standing Committee
conscientiously performed its oversight functions and powers, focusing on
serving the overall interests of the country and emphasizing priorities; and
improved oversight methods and strengthened its oversight of the State Council,
the Supreme People’s Court, and the Supreme People’s Procuratorate with the
focus on making oversight more effective. Over the past year, we listened to
and deliberated 15 work reports of the State Council, the Supreme People’s
Court, and the Supreme People’s Procuratorate; inspected compliance with four
laws; conducted three special inquiries; and carried out five special investigations
and studies.
第一，加强对经济工作的监督。常委会听取审议了国务院关于“十二五”规划纲要实施中期评估、计划执行情况以及深入实施西部大开发战略、城镇化建设、农村金融改革发展等工作报告，还开展了民族区域自治法实施情况专题调研。常委会组成人员指出，在党中央领导下，全国上下团结奋斗、共同努力，我国经济社会发展稳中有进、稳中向好，实现了良好开局。强调要认真贯彻落实中央全面深化改革的决策部署，坚持稳中求进、改革创新，高度重视经济运行中存在的突出问题，加快转变经济发展方式，切实提高经济发展质量和效益，确保“十二五”规划纲要提出的各项目标任务如期实现。要继续把深入实施西部大开发战略放在区域发展战略的优先位置，进一步加快西部地区经济发展、民生改善、环境保护步伐；采取找水、调水、节水等多种措施缓解西部水资源短缺问题，加强公路、铁路、乡村道路等基础设施建设，不断提升西部地区经济社会发展保障能力。要坚持走中国特色新型城镇化道路，以推进农业转移人口市民化为重点，加快推进基本公共服务均等化，改善城市生态环境质量，完善城乡发展一体化体制机制。要深化农村金融改革，加大金融支农力度，加强对农村金融的政策支持，为农村发展、农民增收、农业现代化作出积极贡献。
First, we strengthened oversight
of economic work. The Standing Committee listened to and deliberated the State
Council’s work reports on the interim assessment of the implementation of the Twelfth Five-Year Plan, and on
implementing China’s 2013 plan for national economic and social development,
fully implementing the strategy for large-scale development of the western
region, advancing urbanization, and promoting financial reform and development
in rural areas. It also carried out investigations and studies on compliance
with the Law on Regional Ethnic Autonomy. Members of the Standing Committee
noted that under the leadership of the Party Central Committee, the whole
nation worked hard as one and economic and social development progressed
steadily and improved, getting the Twelfth
Five-Year Plan period off to a good start. The Standing Committee stressed
the following four points:
1) It is necessary to
conscientiously implement the Party Central Committee’s policy and arrangements
for comprehensively deepening reform; steadfastly seek progress while
maintaining stability, and carry out reform and make innovations; attach great
importance to serious economic problems; accelerate transformation of the
growth model; effectively improve the quality and returns of economic growth;
and ensure that the objectives and tasks set forth in the Twelfth Five-Year Plan are accomplished on schedule.
2) In implementing the strategy
for regional development, we should continue to give high priority to the
strategy of large-scale development of the western region. It is necessary to
accelerate economic growth, improvement in people’s wellbeing, and
environmental protection efforts in the western region; and explore for, divert
and conserve water to alleviate the shortage of water resources in the region,
and work harder to build highways, railways, rural roads and other
infrastructure in order to constantly improve our capabilities to ensure
economic and social development in the western region.
3) It is necessary to strive for
a new type of urbanization with Chinese characteristics; and provide equal
access to basic public services more quickly, improve the quality of the
environment in cities, and refine systems and mechanisms for integrating urban
and rural development, with the focus on granting urban residency to those who
have left agricultural work.
4) It is necessary to deepen
rural financial reform, increase financial support for agriculture, and offer
more policy support to rural finance in order to make positive contributions to
rural development, rural income growth and agricultural modernization.
第二，加强财政预算决算审查监督。一是在6月份的常委会会议上听取审议2012年中央决算报告和审计工作报告，审查批准2012年中央决算，在8月份的常委会会议上听取审议前7个月预算执行情况的报告。要求国务院及其有关部门牢固树立过紧日子的思想，坚持开源节流、勤俭节约，在节支上下更大功夫，坚持量入为出，严格财政管理，切实提高财政资金使用效益。二是在10月份的常委会会议上，听取审议关于国家财政科技资金分配与使用情况的报告。重点就某一具体领域财政资金的使用情况开展监督，这在常委会监督工作中还是第一次，是对深化财政预算监督的有益尝试。三是组织开展政府全口径预算决算审查监督专题调研，提出加强对政府全口径预算决算审查监督工作的思路和措施，推动有关方面完善公共财政预算、政府性基金预算、国有资本经营预算和社会保险基金预算制度。
Second, we strengthened budget
and final account review and oversight.
1) At its June meeting, the
Standing Committee listened to and deliberated the reports on the central
government’s final accounts and auditing work in 2012, and reviewed and
approved the former. At its August meeting, the Standing Committee listened to
and deliberated a report on the implementation of the budget for the first
seven months of fiscal year 2013. We urged the State Council and its
departments to be more frugal, increase revenue and reduce expenditures, work
hard and be economical, do more to reduce expenditures, limit spending to what
is affordable, tighten fiscal management, and use government funds more
efficiently.
2) At its October meeting, the
Standing Committee listened to and deliberated a report on the allocation and
use of government funds for science and technology. This was the first time the
Standing Committee oversaw the use of government funds for a specific purpose,
and it was a useful attempt to intensify its budget oversight.
3) We organized investigations
and studies on the examination and oversight of all government budgets and
final accounts and set forth the thinking and measures for strengthening this
work, and urged relevant government departments to improve budgeting systems
for public finances, government-managed funds, state capital operations, and
social security.
第三，加强对民生工作的监督。常委会听取审议了关于农村扶贫开发工作情况的报告，充分肯定我国扶贫开发工作取得的巨大成就，强调要坚定不移地贯彻落实中央扶贫开发工作决策部署，因地制宜、分类指导，抓住重点、注重实效，加快推进集中连片特殊困难地区扶贫攻坚工作。要把抓好贫困地区教育作为解决贫困代际传递问题的重要途径，切实保障扶贫对象子女接受义务教育，让更多贫困地区的孩子接受职业教育和高等教育。常委会检查了义务教育法实施情况，要求各级政府积极回应群众期盼，全面贯彻落实教育方针，大力促进教育公平，合理配置教育资源，减轻中小学生课业负担，加强农村教师队伍建设，让孩子们有学上、上好学。在听取审议传染病防治工作情况报告时，强调要健全部门间联防联控工作机制，支持西部、农村地区防治体系建设，加大传染病防治法律法规宣传力度，全面提升传染病防治工作水平。
Third, we improved oversight of
the work relating to people’s wellbeing. The Standing Committee listened to and
deliberated a report on poverty relief and development work in rural areas and
fully affirmed the enormous achievements that were made. We emphasized the need
to unwaveringly implement the CPC Central Committee’s policies and arrangements
on poverty reduction and development work, adapt measures to local conditions
and give guidance tailored to the situation, focus on key areas and seek
substantive results, and alleviate poverty in poor contiguous areas more
quickly. We also stressed the need to focus on providing education in poor
areas as an important way to prevent poverty from being passed to future
generations, effectively ensure that children of the poor receive compulsory
education, and enable more children in poor areas to receive vocational or
higher education. The Standing Committee inspected compliance with the Law on Compulsory Education, and called
on governments at all levels to live up to the people’s expectations, fully
implement the Party’s education policy, promote equality in education,
appropriately allocate education resources, lighten the study load of primary
and secondary school students, and improve the ranks of rural teachers, so that
children can attend school and do well in their studies. When listening to and
deliberating a report on the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases,
the Standing Committee stressed the need to improve the work mechanism for
different government departments working together to prevent and control
infectious diseases, support the development of a prevention and control system
in the western region and rural areas, intensify publicity of laws and
regulations on infectious disease prevention and treatment, and comprehensively
improve work in this area.
第四，加强对生态环境保护的监督。常委会听取审议了关于生态补偿机制建设工作情况的报告，开展了可再生能源法、气象法执法检查。常委会组成人员指出，保护生态环境、建设美丽中国需要全社会共同参与，要按照谁开发谁保护、谁受益谁补偿的原则，加快生态补偿机制建设，落实生态补偿政策。要依法加强对可再生能源发展规划的修编和管理，继续加大财政补贴和税收优惠力度，大力加强关键技术研发应用，为可再生能源发展提供有力支撑。要加强气象现代化建设，增强气象防灾减灾能力，提高气象预报和灾害性天气预警准确率，强化气候资源科学利用和有效保护。
Fourth, we strengthened oversight
of environmental protection. The Standing Committee listened to and deliberated
a report on developing a mechanism for compensating for ecological damage and
carried out inspections of compliance with the Law on Renewal Energy and the Meteorology
Law. Members of the Standing Committee noted that protecting the
environment and building a beautiful China require the participation of the
whole society and that it is necessary to implement the policy of compensation
for ecological damage and accelerate development of a mechanism for
compensating for ecological damage based on the principle that developers are
responsible for protecting the environment and those who damage it must provide
compensation. Members of the Standing Committee specified that it is necessary
to strengthen the revision and management of the renewable energy development
plan in accordance with the law, further increase government subsidies and tax
breaks, and strengthen R&D and application of key technologies in order to
provide strong support for the development of renewable energy. The members
also specified that it is necessary to step up efforts in meteorology
modernization, become better able to use meteorology to prevent and mitigate
natural disasters, make weather forecasts and warnings of disastrous weather
more accurate, utilize climatic resources in a more scientific way and protect
them more effectively.
第五，加强对权力运行的制约和监督。常委会先后就公安机关执法规范化建设、人民陪审员工作、检察机关反贪污贿赂工作情况等，听取审议国务院、最高人民法院、最高人民检察院的相关工作报告，并检查了行政复议法实施情况。常委会组成人员指出，健全权力运行制约和监督体系，关键是要让人民监督权力，让权力在阳光下运行，把权力关进制度的笼子里。各级执法、司法机关要坚持用制度管权管事管人，加大依法惩治腐败力度，加强执法和司法工作制度化、规范化建设，努力让人民群众在每一起案件中都感受到公平正义。
Fifth, we strengthened limits on
and oversight of the exercise of state power. The Standing Committee listened
to and deliberated the State Council’s report on standardizing law enforcement
by public security agencies, the Supreme People’s Court’s report on the work of
jurors, and the Supreme People’s Procuratorate’s report on procuratorial organs’
fight against graft and corruption. The Standing Committee also inspected
compliance with the Law on Administrative
Review. Its members stated that the key to improving the system that limits
and oversees state power is to grant oversight power to the people, exercise
power openly, and institutionalize the exercise of state power. Law enforcement
and judicial bodies at all levels must use institutional means to oversee the
exercise of state power, the handling of state affairs and the conduct of
personnel, redouble their efforts in the fight against corruption and the
punishment of corrupt people in accordance with the law, make their law
enforcement and judicial work more institutionalized and standardized, and
strive to ensure that the people feel that every case is handled fairly and
justly.
第六，提高专题询问的质量和实效。专题询问是人大监督“一府两院”工作的一种重要形式。结合审议传染病防治、国家财政科技资金分配与使用、农村扶贫开发等报告，常委会先后开展了3次专题询问。我们在认真总结以往经验的基础上，进一步改进各个环节的组织工作，充分发挥专题询问的建设性和促进性作用。一是深入调查研究，提高询问质量。常委会组成人员想人民之所想、急人民之所急，通过询问提出社会普遍关注的急需解决的问题，抓住重点、切中要害。二是加强交流互动，讨论更加深入。常委会组成人员既可以事先报名参加询问，也可以现场主动提问，还可以就有关部门的答复进行追问；国务院有关部门负责人回答问题实事求是、真诚坦率，不回避不推诿，用改进工作的实际行动回应人民群众呼声。三是提高透明度，推动整改落实。通过多种方式报道专题询问实况，积极探索实时图文直播；责成有关专门委员会加强对突出问题的跟踪监督，督促国务院有关部门努力将专题询问的成果转化为改进工作的实效。
Sixth, we improved the quality
and effects of special inquiries. Special inquiries are an important way the
NPC oversees the work of the State Council, the Supreme People’s Court, and the
Supreme People’s Procuratorate. The Standing Committee conducted inquiries on
prevention and treatment of infectious diseases, allocation and use of
government funds for science and technology, and poverty relief and development
work in rural areas. Having reviewed past experience, we improved organization
of all aspects of special inquiries to make such inquiries more constructive
and helpful.
1) We carried out in-depth
investigations and studies to improve the quality of inquiries. Members of the
Standing Committee shared the concerns of the people, focused their inquiries
on key areas and identified pressing problems of public concern.
2) Members of the Standing
Committee exchanged more ideas and deepened discussions with government
departments. The members could either register beforehand to participate in
inquiries or simply ask questions on the spot, and they could ask follow-up
questions addressed to the answers given by government departments. Leaders of
the relevant State Council departments answered inquiries informatively and
frankly, did not evade questions or shift responsibility onto others, and
responded to the people’s voice with concrete improvements in their work.
3) We made inquiries more
transparent to ensure problems identified are rectified. The Standing Committee
used a variety of ways to report its inquiries and explored the idea of live
broadcasts. It also assigned special committees to strengthen follow-up
oversight of serious problems, and urged relevant State Council departments to
turn the results of inquiries into improvements in work.
常委会高度重视规范性文件备案审查工作，着力加强主动审查。一年来，对国务院新制定的19件行政法规，最高人民法院、最高人民检察院新制定的32件司法解释，逐件逐条进行审查，对审查中发现的同宪法和法律相抵触的问题，督促制定机关及时修改或废止。
The Standing Committee paid great
attention to the records review of normative documents and took the initiative
to strengthen the review of them. We reviewed 19 new administrative regulations
of the State Council and 32 legal interpretations of the Supreme People’s Court
and the Supreme People’s Procuratorate one by one for the past year, and we
urged them to promptly revise or rescind those that conflict with the Constitution and laws.
上届常委会部署的司法解释集中清理工作，是新中国成立以来首次对现行有效的司法解释和司法解释性质文件进行全面集中清理。本届常委会听取审议了相关工作情况的报告，要求健全司法解释清理工作常态化机制，强调司法解释应遵循立法原意和法律确定的原则，在法律规定的范围内作出具体应用法律的解释，维护国家法制统一，保证法律正确实施。
The Standing Committee of the
last NPC arranged the work of reviewing all of China’s judicial interpretations
and documents with the force of judicial interpretations currently in effect.
This is the first comprehensive, concentrated review of its kind since the
founding of New China. The Standing Committee of the current NPC listened to
and deliberated the report on this work, set forth the requirement to improve
the mechanism to make this work a regular practice, and emphasized that such
interpretations should be in accord with the intentions of the laws they
interpret and established legal principles, help with the practical application
of those laws within the laws’ scope, safeguard the unity of the country’s
legal system, and ensure the correct implementation of the laws. |
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