关于2014年中央和地方预算执行情况与2015年中央和地方预算草案的报告（中英对照）

优化就业支出结构。深入实施高校毕业生就业促进计划、大学生创业引领计划，着重做好包括农村转移劳动力等困难群体的就业工作。落实和完善失业保险稳岗补贴政策，降低企业失业保险费率。加强政府公共就业服务能力。

We will optimize the mix of expenditures on employment. We will implement the initiative for promoting employment for university graduates and the scheme for guiding university students in starting new businesses, and give priority to work related to the employment of groups in more difficult circumstances, including migrant workers. We will put into effect and improve the policy of providing subsidies from the unemployment insurance fund to enterprises which maintain stable employee numbers during structural adjustments, and reduce the contributions of enterprises to the unemployment insurance fund. We will strengthen the government’s capacity for providing public employment services.

医药卫生方面。加大公共卫生服务和公立医院综合改革投入力度。将基本公共卫生服务经费财政补助标准从人均35元提高到40元，农村地区新增资金全部用于支付村医提供的基本公共卫生服务。加大重大疾病防治支持力度。县级公立医院综合改革扩大到所有县，中央财政继续按每个县300万元标准予以补助。进一步扩大城市公立医院改革范围。继续推进住院医师规范化培训工作，中央财政按每人每年3万元标准予以补助。

Medical and health care

We will increase investment in public health services and comprehensive public hospital reform. We will raise annual per capita spending on basic public health services from 35 yuan to 40 yuan, with the entire additional funds in rural areas to be used for purchasing basic public health services from rural doctors. We will increase support for the prevention and control of major diseases. The comprehensive reform of county-level public hospitals will be extended to all counties, and the central government will continue to provide a subsidy of three million yuan per county. The reform of public hospitals in urban areas will be extended to more cities. Efforts will be continued to provide standardized training for resident physicians, with annual subsidies of 30,000 yuan per person from the central government.

完善城乡居民基本医保制度，将新型农村合作医疗和城镇居民基本医疗保险财政补助标准从每人每年320元提高到380元，同时个人缴费标准由90元相应提高到120元。全面开展城乡居民大病保险，适当提高筹资标准。

We will improve the basic medical insurance system for urban and rural residents, raise government subsidies for the new rural cooperative medical care system and basic medical insurance for nonworking urban residents from 320 yuan to 380 yuan per person per annum, and make a corresponding increase to the annual individual contribution, which will go up from 90 to 120 yuan per person. The major disease insurance scheme for rural and non-working urban residents will be introduced nationwide, with an appropriate increase in the required contributions.

农业方面。进一步支持实施生态环境友好型农业可持续发展战略。扩大重金属污染耕地修复治理试点和地下水超采综合治理试点范围。支持深松整地、保护性耕作和秸秆还田，恢复并提升地力。加大对产粮、产油和制种大县的支持力度，完善粮食主产区利益补偿机制。加强农田水利和重大水利工程终端配套设施建设。加大农业综合开发投入，大力推进高标准农田建设。

Agriculture

We will increase support for implementing the strategy on developing sustainable, ecologically friendly agriculture. The trials for restoring and improving cultivated land contaminated by heavy metals and trials for dealing comprehensively with the over-abstraction of groundwater will both be expanded. We will support efforts to improve the subsoil of cropland, develop eco-friendly tilling, and return plant stalks to fields in order to restore and improve the productivity of the land. We will give greater support to major grain-, edible oil-, and seed-producing counties, and improve the mechanisms for subsidizing major grain-growing areas. We will strengthen the building of farmland irrigation and water conservancy infrastructure and supporting end-use facilities for major water conservancy projects. We will increase investment in comprehensive agricultural development, and work hard to build high-grade farmland.

完善农业补贴政策，加大补贴资金整合力度，提高补贴的精准性、指向性和实效性。改进棉花、大豆目标价格改革操作办法。着力支持适度规模经营，深入开展农民合作社创新、农业生产全程社会化服务机制创新试点，推进农村一二三产业融合发展。完善农村金融和农业保险等方面的政策，引导更多社会资本投向现代农业建设。

We will improve the policies on agricultural subsidies, intensify efforts to combine funds for this purpose, and use subsidies in a more precise, targeted, and effective way. We will improve the methods for carrying out reforms to ensure guaranteed base prices for cotton and soybeans. Great effort will be channeled into offering support to larger-scale operations, making thoroughgoing innovations in farmer cooperatives, intensifying institutional innovation in the trials to provide commercial services for the whole process of agricultural production, and integrating the development of primary, secondary, and tertiary industries in rural areas. Policies on rural finance and agricultural insurance will be improved to guide more private capital to invest in the development of modern agriculture.

完善村级公益事业建设一事一议财政奖补机制，继续开展美丽乡村建设试点和建制镇示范试点。积极推进农村综合改革示范试点和国有农场办社会职能改革试点，研究探索农村集体经济的有效实现形式。支持稳步推进农村土地承包经营权确权登记颁证试点，中央财政按照全国18.14亿亩耕地、每亩10元标准予以补助，根据工作进度分年度安排。支持重点区域连片扶贫开发，实施精准扶贫，资金更多面向特定人口、具体人口。

We will improve the government award and subsidy mechanism for village-level public works launched on the basis of deliberation by villagers, and continue developing pilot projects for building beautiful rural areas and trials to exemplify towns designated by provincial-level governments. We will work proactively to advance demonstrations and trials for comprehensive rural reform and the pilot reform to relieve state-owned farms of social service responsibilities, and we will search for effective ways to develop the rural collective economy. We will support steady steps forward in the trials for determining, registering, and certifying contracted rural land-use rights, with subsidies of 150 yuan per hectare from the central government for China’s cultivated land area of 121 million hectares. These subsidies will be granted on a yearly basis according to the actual progress of the work. We will support poverty alleviation and development in major contiguous poor areas, and carry out carefully targeted measures to ensure that the funding for poverty alleviation actually reaches the people who need it.

生态环保方面。进一步支持做好天然林保护，对未纳入政策保护范围的天然林，建立停伐奖励补助机制；对已纳入政策保护范围的天然林，提高现有保护补助标准。新增退耕还林还草1000万亩。进一步完善森林生态效益补偿制度和草原生态保护补助奖励政策。加大大气污染治理投入力度。整合设立水污染防治资金，加强水污染治理，推进国土江河综合整治试点。建立对新能源汽车的全方位支持推广机制。调整完善现有淘汰落后产能资金用途，支持压缩过剩产能。进一步扩大节能减排财政政策综合示范范围，启动以省为单位的综合奖励。深入推进排污权有偿取得和交易制度改革，扩大流域上下游横向补偿机制试点。

Ecological conservation and environmental protection

We will go further in encouraging efforts to protect virgin forests, establishing an award and subsidy mechanism for halting logging in areas of natural forest not yet covered by the protective policy, and increasing existing subsidies for those areas of natural forest that already fall under the policy. A further 666,667 hectares of marginal farmland will be returned to forest or grassland. We will go further in improving the financial compensation system for forest conservation and forestry that produces positive ecological impact and the policy on subsidies and awards for the ecological conservation of grassland. We will increase investment in controlling air pollution. We will integrate financial resources to establish funds for the prevention and control of water pollution to help strengthen efforts in this regard, and carry out pilot projects to comprehensively improve the conditions of rivers by covering each river’s entire drainage basin. We will establish mechanisms to cover every aspect of efforts to promote the use of new-energy vehicles. We will adjust and improve the uses of existing funds for supporting the closure of outdated production facilities to tackle overcapacity. We will extend to more areas the comprehensive demonstrations for energy conservation and emission reduction based on integrating financial policies, and grant a full package of incentives to eligible provinces. We will deepen reform of the cap-and-trade system for pollution discharge, and expand trials of having provinces situated on the upper and lower reaches of river basins compensate each other for their impact on water quality.

保障性安居工程方面。逐步从实物保障为主转向实物保障和货币补贴并举，“补砖头”与“补人头”相结合，利用PPP模式或政府购买服务方式，引导社会资本参与公共租赁住房的购建和运营管理，积极支持棚户区改造，盘活存量住房，确保完成全年任务。制定城镇保障性安居工程绩效评价办法。加大农村危房改造力度，统筹搞好农房抗震改造。

Government-subsidized housing projects

To make sure that all the tasks for this year are completed, we will steadily shift the focus of our efforts from mainly providing physical housing to providing both housing and financial subsidies, thereby subsidizing both homes and home buyers; we will make use of the PPP model and government procurement of services, guiding nongovernmental capital to become involved in purchasing, building, and managing public rental housing; we will actively support the rebuilding of rundown areas in the cities; and we will make good use of available housing. We will develop methods for performance assessment on urban government-subsidized housing projects. We will step up efforts to renovate dilapidated rural housing and coordinate efforts for making rural housing more resistant to earthquakes.

文化方面。支持加快建设现代公共文化服务体系，稳步推进国家基本公共文化服务标准化、均等化。支持实施中华文化传承工程，加强文化遗产保护和中国传统村落保护，推动民族民间文化发展。支持繁荣文艺创作和文化人才培养，推动创作更多有筋骨、有道德、有温度的优秀作品。支持加强重点媒体国际传播能力建设，促进传统媒体和新兴媒体融合发展。建立完善文化产业促进体系，推动重点行业快速发展。

Culture

We will support accelerated development of a modern system of public cultural services, and take steady steps to make the delivery of basic public cultural services increasingly standardized and equitable. We will support implementation of the initiative to make sure Chinese culture is passed on, strengthen the protection of cultural heritage and traditional Chinese villages, and promote the development of folk culture and ethnic minority cultures. We will support efforts to help art and literature to thrive and cultivate cultural talent, and we will put our weight behind ensuring the production of more works of distinction that have depth, contain a positive social message, and demonstrate a human touch. We will support efforts to strengthen the international communication capacity of our key news media outlets, and integrate the development of traditional and emerging media. We will establish a sound system to boost the cultural sector, and accelerate the development of its key industries.

司法方面。支持设立最高人民法院巡回法庭。支持北京、上海、广州三地新设立知识产权法院。推动试点省以下地方法院、检察院人财物由省级统一管理保障。

Administration of justice

We will support the establishment of circuit courts under the Supreme People’s Court and the establishment of courts in Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou for dealing with intellectual property rights related cases. We will push forward with trials to have provincial governments exercise unified management of and provide funding for the human, financial, and material resources of local courts and procuratorates below the provincial level.

国防和军队建设方面。深入贯彻强军目标，全面加强军队革命化现代化正规化建设，不断提高履行使命任务能力，维护国家主权、安全、领土完整，保障国家和平发展。

Strengthening national defense and the armed forces

To strive for the goal of building powerful armed forces, we will strengthen the military in all respects so that they are more revolutionary, modern, and standardized; so that they are constantly developing their ability to complete their missions and tasks; so that they safeguard China’s sovereignty, security, and territorial integrity; and so that they ensure its peaceful development.

完善财政体制和转移支付制度方面。调整出口退税增量分担机制，从2015年起，出口退税增量由中央财政全额负担，同时，对地方不再实行消费税1∶0.3增量返还。这样做有利于促进全国市场统一，也有利于完善消费税制度。建立和完善财政转移支付同农业转移人口市民化挂钩机制。加大专项转移支付清理整合力度，2015年中央对地方专项转移支付项目进一步减少到100个左右。

Improving the fiscal and transfer payments systems

We will adjust the mechanism for sharing the increase in export tax rebates. Beginning in 2015, the central government will pay the full sum of the increase in export tax rebates, and will no longer turn the increase in consumption tax over to local governments at a ratio of 1:0.3. This will help build a market that is unified across the country and improve the consumption tax system. We will establish sound mechanisms to link the transfer payments a government receives to the number of people from rural areas who have become registered permanent residents in urban areas within their jurisdiction. We will step up efforts to comb through and rearrange special transfer payments, so that in 2015, the number of items receiving special transfer payments from the central government will be further cut, this time to around one hundred.