强化应对气候变化行动——中国国家自主贡献（中英对照）

中文版：强化应对气候变化行动.doc

英文版：Enhanced Actions on Climate Change.doc

强化应对气候变化行动——中国国家自主贡献

Enhanced Actions on Climate Change: China’s Intended Nationally Determined Contributions

 

气候变化是当今人类社会面临的共同挑战。工业革命以来的人类活动，特别是发达国家大量消费化石能源所产生的二氧化碳累积排放，导致大气中温室气体浓度显著增加，加剧了以变暖为主要特征的全球气候变化。气候变化对全球自然生态系统产生显著影响，温度升高、海平面上升、极端气候事件频发给人类生存和发展带来严峻挑战。

 

Climate change is today’s common challenge faced by all humanity. Human activities since the Industrial Revolution, especially the accumulated carbon dioxide emissions from the intensive fossil fuels consumption of developed countries, have resulted in significantly increasing the atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases, exacerbated climate change primarily characterized by global warming. Climate change has significant impacts on global natural ecosystems, causing temperature increase and sea level rise as well as more frequent extreme climate events, all of which pose a huge challenge to the survival and development of the human race.

 

气候变化作为全球性问题，需要国际社会携手应对。多年来，各缔约方在《联合国气候变化框架公约》（以下简称公约）实施进程中，按照共同但有区别的责任原则、公平原则、各自能力原则，不断强化合作行动，取得了积极进展。为进一步加强公约的全面、有效和持续实施，各方正在就2020年后的强化行动加紧谈判磋商，以期于2015年年底在联合国气候变化巴黎会议上达成协议，开辟全球绿色低碳发展新前景，推动世界可持续发展。

 

Climate change is a global issue that requires the collaboration of the international community. For years, in accordance with the principles of equity and common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities, the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (hereinafter referred to as the Convention) have been working to enhance cooperation and achieved positive progress in the implementation of the Convention. To further enhance the full, effective and sustained implementation of the Convention, negotiations and consultations are now under way on enhanced actions beyond 2020, so as to reach an agreement at the Conference of the Parties to the Convention in Paris at the end of 2015. This will open up a new prospect for green and low-carbon development across the globe and promote sustainable development worldwide.

 

中国是拥有13多亿人口的发展中国家，是遭受气候变化不利影响最为严重的国家之一。中国正处在工业化、城镇化快速发展阶段，面临着发展经济、消除贫困、改善民生、保护环境、应对气候变化等多重挑战。积极应对气候变化，努力控制温室气体排放，提高适应气候变化的能力，不仅是中国保障经济安全、能源安全、生态安全、粮食安全以及人民生命财产安全，实现可持续发展的内在要求，也是深度参与全球治理、打造人类命运共同体、推动全人类共同发展的责任担当。

 

As a developing country with a population of more than 1.3 billion, China is among those countries that are most severely affected by the adverse impacts of climate change. China is currently in the process of rapid industrialization and urbanization, confronting with multiple challenges including economic development, poverty eradication, improvement of living standards, environmental protection and combating climate change. To act on climate change in terms of mitigating greenhouse gas emissions and enhancing climate resilience, is not only driven by China’s domestic needs for sustainable development in ensuring its economic security, energy security, ecological security, food security as well as the safety of people’s life and property and to achieve sustainable development, but also driven by its sense of responsibility to fully engage in global governance, to forge a community of shared destiny for humankind and to promote common development for all human beings.

 

根据公约缔约方会议相关决定，在此提出中国应对气候变化的强化行动和措施，作为中国为实现公约第二条所确定目标做出的、反映中国应对气候变化最大努力的国家自主贡献，同时提出中国对2015年协议谈判的意见，以推动巴黎会议取得圆满成功。

 

In accordance with relevant decisions of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention, China hereby presents its enhanced actions and measures on climate change as its nationally determined contributions towards achieving the objective set out in Article 2 of the Convention, which represent its utmost efforts in addressing climate change, and contributes its views on the 2015 agreement negotiations with a view to making the Paris Conference a great success.

 

一、中国强化应对气候变化行动目标

I. Enhanced Actions on Climate Change

 

长期以来，中国高度重视气候变化问题，把积极应对气候变化作为国家经济社会发展的重大战略，把绿色低碳发展作为生态文明建设的重要内容，采取了一系列行动，为应对全球气候变化作出了重要贡献。2009年向国际社会宣布：到2020年单位国内生产总值二氧化碳排放比2005年下降40%－45%，非化石能源占一次能源消费比重达到15%左右，森林面积比2005年增加4000万公顷，森林蓄积量比2005年增加13亿立方米。积极实施《中国应对气候变化国家方案》、《“十二五”控制温室气体排放工作方案》、《“十二五”节能减排综合性工作方案》、《节能减排“十二五”规划》、《2014－2015年节能减排低碳发展行动方案》和《国家应对气候变化规划（2014－2020年）》。加快推进产业结构和能源结构调整，大力开展节能减碳和生态建设，在7个省（市）开展碳排放权交易试点，在42个省（市）开展低碳试点，探索符合中国国情的低碳发展新模式。2014年，中国单位国内生产总值二氧化碳排放比2005年下降33.8%，非化石能源占一次能源消费比重达到11.2%，森林面积比2005年增加2160万公顷，森林蓄积量比2005年增加21.88亿立方米，水电装机达到3亿千瓦（是2005年的2.57倍），并网风电装机达到9581万千瓦（是2005年的90倍），光伏装机达到2805万千瓦（是2005年的400倍），核电装机达到1988万千瓦（是2005年的2.9倍）。加快实施《国家适应气候变化战略》，着力提升应对极端气候事件能力，重点领域适应气候变化取得积极进展。应对气候变化能力建设进一步加强，实施《中国应对气候变化科技专项行动》，科技支撑能力得到增强。

 

China attaches great importance to addressing climate change since long, making it a significant national strategy for its social and economic development and promoting green and low-carbon development as important component of the ecological civilization process. It has already taken a series of climate actions which represent a significant contribution to combating the global climate change. In 2009, China announced internationally that by 2020 it will lower carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP by 40% to 45% from the 2005 level, increase the share of non-fossil fuels in primary energy consumption to about 15% and increase the forested area by 40 million hectares and the forest stock volume by 1.3 billion cubic meters compared to the 2005 levels. In this connection, China has enacted and implemented the National Program on Climate Change, the Work Plan for Controlling Greenhouse Gas Emissions during the 12th Five-Year Plan Period, the Comprehensive Work Plan for Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction for the 12th Five Year Plan Period, the 12th Five Year Plan for Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction, the 2014-2015 Action Plan for Energy Conservation, Emission Reduction and Low-Carbon Development, and the National Plan on Climate Change (2014-2020). China has accelerated the adjustment of its industry and energy structures and invested great efforts in improving energy efficiency, lowering carbon emissions and enhancing the ecosystem. China has initiated carbon emission trading pilots in 7 provinces and cities and low-carbon development pilots in 42 provinces and cities to explore a new mode of low-carbon development consistent with its prevailing national circumstances. By 2014 the following has been achieved:

 

– Carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP is 33.8% lower than the 2005 level;

 

– The share of non-fossil fuels in primary energy consumption is 11.2%;

 

– The forested area and forest stock volume are increased respectively by 21.6 million hectares and 2.188 billion cubic meters compared to the 2005 levels;

 

– The installed capacity of hydro power is 300 gigawatts (2.57 times of that for 2005);

 

– The installed capacity of on-grid wind power is 95.81 gigawatts (90 times of that for 2005);

 

– The installed capacity of solar power is 28.05 gigawatts (400 times of that for 2005); and

 

– The installed capacity of nuclear power is 19.88 gigawatts (2.9 times of that for 2005).

 

China is accelerating the implementation of the National Strategy for Climate Adaptation, and improving its capacity to respond to extreme climatic events and making positive progress in key areas of climate change adaptation. Capacity building on combating climate change is further strengthened. Supports in terms of science and technology are further enhanced by implementing China’s Science and Technology Actions on Climate Change.

 

面向未来，中国已经提出了到2020年全面建成小康社会，到本世纪中叶建成富强民主文明和谐的社会主义现代化国家的奋斗目标；明确了转变经济发展方式、建设生态文明、走绿色低碳循环发展的政策导向，努力协同推进新型工业化、城镇化、信息化、农业现代化和绿色化。中国将坚持节约资源和保护环境基本国策，坚持减缓与适应气候变化并重，坚持科技创新、管理创新和体制机制创新，加快能源生产和消费革命，不断调整经济结构、优化能源结构、提高能源效率、增加森林碳汇，有效控制温室气体排放，努力走一条符合中国国情的经济发展、社会进步与应对气候变化多赢的可持续发展之路。

 

Looking into the future, China has defined as its strategic goals to complete the construction of a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way by 2020 and to create a prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally developed and harmonious modern socialist country by the middle of this century. It has identified transforming the economic development pattern, constructing ecological civilization and holding to a green, low-carbon and recycled development path as its policy orientation. New industrialization, urbanization, informatization, agricultural modernization and greenisation will be promoted in a coordinated manner. Resource conservation and environmental protection have become the cardinal national policy, placing mitigation and adaptation on equal footing, promoting innovation in science and technology and putting in place the necessary management and regulatory mechanisms and systems. China will accelerate the transformation of energy production and consumption and continue to restructure its economy, optimize the energy mix, improve energy efficiency and increase its forest carbon sinks, with a view to efficiently mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. China is making efforts to embark on a sustainable development path that is in line with its national circumstances and leads to multiple wins in terms of economic development, social progress and combating climate change.

 

根据自身国情、发展阶段、可持续发展战略和国际责任担当，中国确定了到2030年的自主行动目标：二氧化碳排放2030年左右达到峰值并争取尽早达峰；单位国内生产总值二氧化碳排放比2005年下降60%－65%，非化石能源占一次能源消费比重达到20%左右，森林蓄积量比2005年增加45亿立方米左右。中国还将继续主动适应气候变化，在农业、林业、水资源等重点领域和城市、沿海、生态脆弱地区形成有效抵御气候变化风险的机制和能力，逐步完善预测预警和防灾减灾体系。

 

Based on its national circumstances, development stage, sustainable development strategy and international responsibility, China has nationally determined its actions by 2030 as follows:

 

– To achieve the peaking of carbon dioxide emissions around 2030 and making best efforts to peak early;

 

– To lower carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP by 60% to 65% from the 2005 level;

 

– To increase the share of non-fossil fuels in primary energy consumption to around 20%; and

 

– To increase the forest stock volume by around 4.5 billion cubic meters on the 2005 level.

 

Moreover, China will continue to proactively adapt to climate change by enhancing mechanisms and capacities to effectively defend against climate change risks in key areas such as agriculture, forestry and water resources, as well as in cities, coastal and ecologically vulnerable areas and to progressively strengthen early warning and emergency response systems and disaster prevention and reduction mechanisms.