强化应对气候变化行动——中国国家自主贡献（中英对照）

（八）全面提高适应气候变化能力。提高水利、交通、能源等基础设施在气候变化条件下的安全运营能力。合理开发和优化配置水资源，实行最严格的水资源管理制度，全面建设节水型社会。加强中水、淡化海水、雨洪等非传统水源开发利用。完善农田水利设施配套建设，大力发展节水灌溉农业，培育耐高温和耐旱作物品种。加强海洋灾害防护能力建设和海岸带综合管理，提高沿海地区抵御气候灾害能力。开展气候变化对生物多样性影响的跟踪监测与评估。加强林业基础设施建设。合理布局城市功能区，统筹安排基础设施建设，有效保障城市运行的生命线系统安全。研究制定气候变化影响人群健康应急预案，提升公共卫生领域适应气候变化的服务水平。加强气候变化综合评估和风险管理，完善国家气候变化监测预警信息发布体系。在生产力布局、基础设施、重大项目规划设计和建设中，充分考虑气候变化因素。健全极端天气气候事件应急响应机制。加强防灾减灾应急管理体系建设。

H. Enhancing Overall Climate Resilience

– To improve safe operation of infrastructure of water conservancy, transport and energy against climate change;

– To properly develop and optimize the allocation of water resources, implementing the strictest water management regulation, building water-saving society in all aspects and intensifying the development and utilization of unconventional water resources, including recycled water, desalinated sea water and rain and flood water;

– To improve the construction of water conservation facilities for farmlands, to vigorously develop water-saving agricultural irrigation and to cultivate heat-resistant and drought-resistant crops;

– To enhance resistance to marine disasters and management of coastal zones and to improve the resilience of coastal areas against climatic disasters;

– To track, monitor and assess the impact of climate change on biodiversity;

– To strengthen the construction of forestry infrastructure;

– To properly lay out functional zones in cities, to make overall arrangements in developing infrastructure and to effectively safeguard city lifeline system;

– To formulate contingency plan for public health under the impacts of climate change and to improve the capacity of public medical services to adapt to climate change;

– To strengthen comprehensive assessment and risk management of climate change and to improve the national monitoring, early warning and communication system on climate change;

– To take full consideration of climate change in the planning, engineering and construction of the distribution of productive forces, infrastructures and major projects;

– To improve the emergency response mechanism for extreme weather and climatic events; and

– To strengthen the development of disaster reduction and relief management system.

（九）创新低碳发展模式。深化低碳省区、低碳城市试点，开展低碳城（镇）试点和低碳产业园区、低碳社区、低碳商业、低碳交通试点，探索各具特色的低碳发展模式，研究在不同类型区域和城市控制碳排放的有效途径。促进形成空间布局合理、资源集约利用、生产低碳高效、生活绿色宜居的低碳城市。研究建立碳排放认证制度和低碳荣誉制度，选择典型产品进行低碳产品认证试点并推广。

I. Innovating Low-Carbon Development Growth Pattern

– To advance low-carbon pilots in provinces and cities;

– To conduct low-carbon cities (towns) pilots as well as low-carbon industrial parks, low-carbon communities, low-carbon business and low-carbon transport pilots;

– To explore diversified patterns of low-carbon growth;

– To research on effective approaches to control carbon emissions in different regions and cities;

– To facilitate the emerging of low-carbon cities with rational space distribution, intensive utilization of resources, low-carbon and efficient production and livable green environment; and

– To research on and establish carbon emission accreditation and low-carbon honor system, to carry out low-carbon certification pilots and promotion of selected products.

（十）强化科技支撑。提高应对气候变化基础科学研究水平，开展气候变化监测预测研究，加强气候变化影响、风险机理与评估方法研究。加强对节能降耗、可再生能源和先进核能、碳捕集利用和封存等低碳技术的研发和产业化示范，推广利用二氧化碳驱油、驱煤层气技术。研发极端天气预报预警技术，开发生物固氮、病虫害绿色防控、设施农业技术，加强综合节水、海水淡化等技术研发。健全应对气候变化科技支撑体系，建立政产学研有效结合机制，加强应对气候变化专业人才培养。

J. Enhancing Support in terms of Science and Technology

– To improve the fundamental research into climate change, conducting research on climate change monitoring and forecasting and strengthening research on the mechanisms and assessment methodology of climate change impacts and risks;

– To strengthen research and development (R&D) and commercialization demonstration for low-carbon technologies, such as energy conservation, renewable energy, advanced nuclear power technologies and carbon capture, utilization and storage and to promote the technologies of utilizing carbon dioxide to enhance oil recovery and coal-bed methane recovery;

– To conduct R&D on early warning systems for extreme weather;

– To develop technologies on biological nitrogen fixation, green pest and disease prevention and control and protected agriculture;

– To strengthen R&D on technologies for water saving and desalination of sea water; and

– To improve the technical supporting system for addressing climate change, to establish a mechanism that effectively integrates government, industries and academic and research institutes and to strengthen professional personnel training for addressing climate change.

（十一）加大资金和政策支持。进一步加大财政资金投入力度，积极创新财政资金使用方式，探索政府和社会资本合作等低碳投融资新机制。落实促进新能源发展的税收优惠政策，完善太阳能发电、风电、水电等定价、上网和采购机制。完善包括低碳节能在内的政府绿色采购政策体系。深化能源、资源性产品价格和税费改革。完善绿色信贷机制，鼓励和指导金融机构积极开展能效信贷业务，发行绿色信贷资产证券化产品。健全气候变化灾害保险政策。

K. Increasing Financial and Policy Support

– To further increase budgetary support;

– To actively innovate the application of funds and explore new investment and financing mechanisms for low-carbon development, such as public-private partnerships;

– To implement preferential taxation policies for promoting the development of new energy and to improve mechanisms of pricing, grid access and procurement mechanisms for solar, wind and hydro power;

– To improve green government procurement policy systems including that on procurement of low-carbon and energy-conservation products;

– To advance the reform in the pricing and taxation regime for energy-and-resource-based products;

– To improve the green credit mechanisms, to encourage and guide financial institutions to operate energy-efficiency crediting business and to issue asset-securitized products for green credit assets; and

– To improve disaster insurance policy against climate change.

（十二）推进碳排放权交易市场建设。充分发挥市场在资源配置中的决定性作用，在碳排放权交易试点基础上，稳步推进全国碳排放权交易体系建设，逐步建立碳排放权交易制度。研究建立碳排放报告核查核证制度，完善碳排放权交易规则，维护碳排放交易市场的公开、公平、公正。

L. Promoting Carbon Emission Trading Market

– To build on carbon emission trading pilots, steadily implementing a nationwide carbon emission trading system and gradually establishing the carbon emission trading mechanism so as to make the market play the decisive role in resource allocation; and

– To develop mechanisms for the reporting, verifying and certificating of carbon emissions and to improve rules and regulations for carbon emission trading to ensure openness, fairness and justice in the operation of the carbon emission trading market.

（十三）健全温室气体排放统计核算体系。进一步加强应对气候变化统计工作，健全涵盖能源活动、工业生产过程、农业、土地利用变化与林业、废弃物处理等领域的温室气体排放统计制度，完善应对气候变化统计指标体系，加强统计人员培训，不断提高数据质量。加强温室气体排放清单的核算工作，定期编制国家和省级温室气体排放清单，建立重点企业温室气体排放报告制度，制定重点行业企业温室气体排放核算标准。积极开展相关能力建设，构建国家、地方、企业温室气体排放基础统计和核算工作体系。

M. Improving Statistical and Accounting System for GHG Emissions

– To further strengthen the work on statistics of climate change;

– To improve greenhouse gas emission statistics covering areas including energy activity, industrial process, agriculture, land-use change, forestry and waste treatment;

– To improve the statistical indicator systems for climate change, to strengthen personnel training and to constantly improve the quality of data;

– To strengthen the work on greenhouse gas emission inventory accounting;

– To prepare greenhouse gas inventories at the national and provincial level on a regular basis;

– To establish a greenhouse gas emission reporting mechanism for key enterprises;

– To formulate greenhouse gas emission accounting standards for enterprises in key sectors; and

– To build a fundamental statistics and accounting system for greenhouse gas emissions at national, subnational and enterprise levels.

（十四）完善社会参与机制。强化企业低碳发展责任，鼓励企业探索资源节约、环境友好的低碳发展模式。强化低碳发展社会监督和公众参与，继续利用“全国低碳日”等平台提高全社会低碳发展意识，鼓励公众应对气候变化的自觉行动。发挥媒体监督和导向作用，加强教育培训，充分发挥学校、社区以及民间组织的作用。

N. Broad Participation of Stakeholders

–To enhance the responsibility of enterprises for low-carbon development and to encourage them to explore low-carbon development modes that are resource-saving and environment-friendly;

– To strengthen the role of public supervision and participation in low-carbon development;

– To use platforms such as National Low Carbon Day to raise public awareness of low-carbon development throughout society;

– To encourage voluntary actions of the public to combat climate change;

– To let media play the role of supervision and guidance; and

– To enhance related education and training and to fully utilize the function of schools, communities and civil organizations.

（十五）积极推进国际合作。作为负责任的发展中国家，中国将从全人类的共同利益出发，积极开展国际合作，推进形成公平合理、合作共赢的全球气候治理体系，与国际社会共同促进全球绿色低碳转型与发展路径创新。坚持共同但有区别的责任原则、公平原则、各自能力原则，推动发达国家切实履行大幅度率先减排并向发展中国家提供资金、技术和能力建设支持的公约义务，为发展中国家争取可持续发展的公平机会，争取更多的资金、技术和能力建设支持，促进南北合作。同时，中国将主动承担与自身国情、发展阶段和实际能力相符的国际义务，采取不断强化的减缓和适应行动，并进一步加大气候变化南南合作力度，建立应对气候变化南南合作基金，为小岛屿发展中国家、最不发达国家和非洲国家等发展中国家应对气候变化提供力所能及的帮助和支持，推进发展中国家互学互鉴、互帮互助、互利共赢。广泛开展应对气候变化国际对话与交流，加强相关领域政策协调与务实合作，分享有益经验和做法，推广气候友好技术，与各方一道共同建设人类美好家园。

O. Promoting International Cooperation on Climate Change

As a responsible developing country, China will stand for the common interests of all humanity and actively engage in international cooperation to build an equitable global climate governance regime that is cooperative and beneficial to all. Together with other Parties, China will promote global green low-carbon transformation and development path innovation. China will adhere to the principles of equity and common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities and urge developed countries to fulfill their obligations under the Convention to take the lead in substantially reducing their emissions and to provide support of finance, technology and capacity building to developing countries, allowing developing countries more equitable access to sustainable development and more support of finance, technology and capacity building and promoting cooperation between developed and developing countries. China will take on international commitments that match its national circumstances, current development stage and actual capabilities by enhancing mitigation and adaptation actions and further strengthening south-south cooperation on climate change. It will establish the Fund for South-South Cooperation on Climate Change, providing assistance and support, within its means, to other developing countries including the small island developing countries, the least developed countries and African countries to address climate change. China will thereby promote mutual learning, mutual support and mutual benefits as well as win-win cooperation with other developing countries. China will engage in extensive international dialogue and exchanges on addressing climate change, enhance policy coordination and concrete cooperation in related areas, share positive experiences and good practice, promote climate friendly technologies and work together with all Parties to build a beautiful homeland for all human beings.