强化应对气候变化行动——中国国家自主贡献（中英对照）

三、中国关于2015年协议谈判的意见

III. Contributions to 2015 Agreement Negotiation

中国致力于不断加强公约全面、有效和持续实施，与各方一道携手努力推动巴黎会议达成一个全面、平衡、有力度的协议。为此，对2015年协议谈判进程和结果提出如下意见：

China is committed to the full, effective and sustained implementation of the Convention and to working with other Parties to achieve a comprehensive, balanced and ambitious agreement at the Paris Conference. In this connection, China submits its views regarding the process and outcome of the 2015 agreement negotiation as follows:

（一）总体意见。2015年协议谈判在公约下进行，以公约原则为指导，旨在进一步加强公约的全面、有效和持续实施，以实现公约的目标。谈判的结果应遵循共同但有区别的责任原则、公平原则、各自能力原则，充分考虑发达国家和发展中国家间不同的历史责任、国情、发展阶段和能力，全面平衡体现减缓、适应、资金、技术开发和转让、能力建设、行动和支持的透明度各个要素。谈判进程应遵循公开透明、广泛参与、缔约方驱动、协商一致的原则。

A. General View

The negotiation on the 2015 agreement shall be under the Convention and guided by its principles, aiming at enhancing the full, effective and sustained implementation of the Convention in order to achieve the objective of the Convention. The outcomes of negotiation shall be in accordance with the principles of equity and common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities, taking into account differentiated historical responsibilities and distinct national circumstances, development stages and the capabilities of developed and developing countries. It should reflect all elements in a comprehensive and balanced way, including mitigation, adaptation, finance, technology development and transfer, capacity building and transparency of action and support. The negotiation process should be open, transparent, inclusive, Party-driven and consensus-based.

（二）减缓。2015年协议应明确各缔约方按照公约要求，制定和实施2020－2030年减少或控制温室气体排放的计划和措施，推动减缓领域的国际合作。发达国家根据其历史责任，承诺到2030年有力度的全经济范围绝对量减排目标。发展中国家在可持续发展框架下，在发达国家资金、技术和能力建设支持下，采取多样化的强化减缓行动。

B. Mitigation

The 2015 agreement shall stipulate that the Parties, in accordance with the provisions of the Convention, shall formulate and implement programs and measures to reduce or limit greenhouse gas emissions for the period 2020-2030 and promote international cooperation on mitigation. Developed countries shall, in accordance with their historical responsibilities, undertake ambitious economy-wide absolute quantified emissions reduction targets by 2030. Developing countries shall, in the context of sustainable development and supported and enabled by the provision of finance, technology and capacity building by developed countries, undertake diversifying enhanced mitigation actions.

（三）适应。2015年协议应明确各缔约方按照公约要求，加强适应领域的国际合作，加强区域和国家层面适应计划和项目的实施。发达国家应为发展中国家制定和实施国家适应计划、开展相关项目提供支持。发展中国家通过国家适应计划识别需求和障碍，加强行动。建立关于适应气候变化的公约附属机构。加强适应与资金、技术和能力建设的联系。强化华沙损失和损害国际机制。

C. Adaptation

The 2015 agreement shall stipulate that the Parties shall, in accordance with the provisions of the Convention, strengthen international cooperation on adaptation as well as the implementation of adaptation plans and projects at both regional and national levels. Developed countries shall provide support for developing countries to formulate and implement national adaptation plans as well as other related projects. Developing countries will identify their adaptation needs and challenges in their national adaptation plans and take enhanced actions. A subsidiary body on adaptation to climate change should be established. The linkage between adaptation and finance, technology and capacity building shall be strengthened. The Warsaw International Mechanism on Loss and Damage shall also be strengthened.

（四）资金。2015年协议应明确发达国家按照公约要求，为发展中国家的强化行动提供新的、额外的、充足的、可预测和持续的资金支持。明确发达国家2020－2030年提供资金支持的量化目标和实施路线图，提供资金的规模应在2020年开始每年1000亿美元的基础上逐年扩大，所提供资金应主要来源于公共资金。强化绿色气候基金作为公约资金机制主要运营实体的地位，在公约缔约方会议授权和指导下开展工作，对公约缔约方会议负责。

D. Finance

The 2015 agreement shall stipulate that developed countries shall, in accordance with the provisions of the Convention, provide new, additional, adequate, predictable and sustained financial support to developing countries for their enhanced actions. It shall provide for quantified financing targets and a roadmap to achieve them. The scale of financing should increase yearly starting from 100 billion U.S. dollars per year from 2020 which shall primarily come from public finance. The role of the Green Climate Fund (GCF) as an important operating entity of the financial mechanism of the Convention shall be strengthened. The GCF shall be under the authority of, guided by and accountable to the Conference of the Parties to the Convention.

（五）技术开发与转让。2015年协议应明确发达国家按照公约要求，根据发展中国家技术需求，切实向发展中国家转让技术，为发展中国家技术研发应用提供支持。加强现有技术机制在妥善处理知识产权问题、评估技术转让绩效等方面的职能，增强技术机制与资金机制的联系，包括在绿色气候基金下设立支持技术开发与转让的窗口。

E. Technology Development and Transfer

The 2015 agreement shall stipulate that developed countries shall, in accordance with the provisions of the Convention, transfer technologies and provide support for the research, development and application of technologies to developing countries based on their technology needs. The function of the existing technology mechanism shall be strengthened to help address the intellectual property right issue and assess technology transfer performance, and its linkage with the financial mechanism shall be enhanced, including creating a window for technology development and transfer in the GCF.

（六）能力建设。2015年协议应明确发达国家按照公约要求，为发展中国家各领域能力建设提供支持。建立专门关于能力建设的国际机制，制定并实施能力建设活动方案，加强发展中国家减缓和适应气候变化能力建设。

F. Capacity Building

The 2015 agreement shall stipulate that developed countries shall, in accordance with the provisions of the Convention, provide support to developing countries in capacity building in all areas. An international mechanism on capacity building shall be established to develop and implement action plans for capacity building and to enhance capacity building for climate change mitigation and adaptation in developing countries.

（七）行动和支持的透明度。2015年协议应明确各缔约方按照公约要求和有关缔约方会议决定，增加各方强化行动的透明度。发达国家根据公约要求及京都议定书相关规则，通过现有的报告和审评体系，增加其减排行动的透明度，明确增强发达国家提供资金、技术和能力建设支持透明度及相关审评的规则。发展中国家在发达国家资金、技术和能力建设支持下，通过现有的透明度安排，以非侵入性、非惩罚性、尊重国家主权的方式，增加其强化行动透明度。

G. Transparency of Action and Support

The 2015 agreement shall stipulate that the Parties shall, in accordance with the provisions of the Convention and relevant COP decisions, improve the transparency of enhanced actions of all Parties. Developed countries shall, in accordance with the provisions of the Convention as well as relevant provisions of the Kyoto Protocol, enhance the transparency of their actions through existing reporting and review systems. Rules on enhancing the transparency of finance, technology and capacity-building support by developed countries as well as the relevant review shall further be elaborated. Developing countries shall, with support by developed countries in terms of finance, technology and capacity building, enhance the transparency of their enhanced actions through existing arrangements on transparency and in a way that is non-intrusive, non-punitive and respecting national sovereignty.

（八）法律形式。2015年协议应是一项具有法律约束力的公约实施协议，可以采用核心协议加缔约方会议决定的形式，减缓、适应、资金、技术开发和转让、能力建设、行动和支持的透明度等要素应在核心协议中平衡体现，相关技术细节和程序规则可由缔约方会议决定加以明确。发达国家和发展中国家的国家自主贡献可在巴黎会议成果中以适当形式分别列出。

H. Legal Form

The 2015 agreement shall be a legally binding agreement implementing the Convention. It can take the form of a core agreement plus COP decisions, with mitigation, adaptation, finance, technology development and transfer, capacity building and transparency of action and support being reflected in a balanced manner in the core agreement and relevant technical details and procedural rules being elaborated in COP decisions. The nationally determined contributions by developed and developing countries can be listed respectively and separately in the Paris outcome.