关于2015年中央和地方预算执行情况与2016年中央和地方预算草案的报告（中英对照）

（三）2015年主要支出政策落实情况。

3. Implementation of major expenditure policies in 2015

推动教育改革发展。支持实施第二期学前教育三年行动计划。落实农村义务教育经费保障机制和城市义务教育学生免学杂费政策，惠及约1.1亿名农村学生和2944万名城市学生。实施现代职业教育质量提升计划，推动职业教育布局调整。改革中央高校预算拨款制度，引导中央高校转变发展模式。支持特殊教育发展，保障特殊群体受教育权益。健全国家助学贷款、国家助学金等资助政策体系，全国约775万名高校学生、514万名普通高中学生和265万名中职学生得到资助，约1045万名中职学生享受免学费政策。

Promoting education reform and development

We supported implementation of the second phase of the three-year action plan for preschool education. We put in place mechanisms for guaranteeing compulsory education funding in rural areas as well as the policy of waiving tuition and miscellaneous fees for students receiving compulsory education in urban areas, benefiting approximately 110 million students in rural areas and 29.44 million students in urban areas. We implemented the quality improvement plan for modern vocational education and worked to reshape the vocational education system. We reformed the budgetary appropriation system for institutions of higher learning directly under the central government to guide them in improving their models of development. We worked to guarantee the educational rights and interests of special needs groups through our support for the development of special needs education. We improved government financial aid policies for students, such as study assistance loans and student grants, providing aid to approximately 7.75 million college students, 5.14 million regular high school students, and 2.65 million secondary vocational school students, as well as exempting 10.45 million secondary vocational school students from paying tuition.

落实创新驱动发展战略。深化中央财政科技计划管理改革，完成大部分科技计划优化整合工作，集中资源支持体现国家战略意图的重大科技任务。加大对公共科技活动特别是基础研究的支持力度。支持实施科技重大专项。保障科研院所开展自主选题研究，改善科研条件。启动首台（套）重大技术装备保险补偿机制试点。

Pursuing innovation-driven development

We deepened reform of the management of science and technology initiatives financed by the central government. By completing the optimization or integration of a majority of these initiatives, we were able to concentrate resources on major programs that embody national strategic intentions. We redoubled efforts to support science and technology activities for the public interest, particularly those involving basic research. We supported the implementation of major science and technology projects. We worked to ensure research institutions had the support they needed as they conducted research into their own choice of subjects, and improved the conditions for undertaking research. We launched trials of the insurance compensation mechanism for newly-developed major technological equipment.

支持做好社会保障和就业工作。企业退休人员基本养老金水平继续提高，月人均达到2270元。城乡居民基本养老保险基础养老金最低标准由每人每月55元提高到70元。推进机关事业单位养老保险制度改革，建立职业年金制度，同步调整机关事业单位工作人员基本工资。深入实施高校毕业生就业促进计划、大学生创业引领计划，加强政府公共就业服务能力。加大对低保对象、孤儿、残疾人等困难群体救助工作的支持力度。继续提高优抚对象等人员抚恤和生活补助标准，落实移交政府安置的军队离退休人员相关待遇。

Helping provide better social security and employment services

Basic pension benefits for enterprise retirees were increased to an average of 2,270 yuan per person per month. The minimum social pension benefits for participants of the basic old-age insurance for rural and non-working urban residents were raised from 55 yuan to 70 yuan per person per month. We moved forward with reform of the pension system for employees of Party and government offices and public institutions, establishing an annuity scheme for these employees while at the same time adjusting their basic salaries. We intensified efforts to implement the employment assistance initiative for university graduates as well as the scheme for guiding university students in starting their own business, and we also worked to strengthen the capacity of the government for providing public employment services. We gave stronger support to assistance efforts for subsistence allowance recipients, orphans, people with disabilities, and other disadvantaged groups. We further increased subsidies and living allowances to entitled groups, and worked to ensure the proper delivery of pension and other benefits to retired military personnel who now receive their benefits from the government.

深化医药卫生体制改革。新型农村合作医疗和城镇居民基本医疗保险财政补助标准提高到每人每年380元，个人缴费标准相应提高到每人每年120元。基本公共卫生服务项目年人均财政补助标准由35元提高到40元，农村地区新增资金全部用于支付村医提供的基本公共卫生服务。在全国所有县（市）推开县级公立医院综合改革，城市公立医院综合改革试点扩大到100个城市。继续支持基层医疗卫生机构和村卫生室实施基本药物制度。推进住院医师规范化培训。完善城乡医疗救助和疾病应急救助制度。

Deepening reform of the healthcare system

Government subsidies towards the new rural cooperative medical scheme and the basic medical insurance for non-working urban residents were increased to 380 yuan per person per year with a corresponding rise in the rates for individual contributions to 120 yuan per person per year. We raised per capita government spending on basic public health services from 35 yuan to 40 yuan per year, with the entirety of the additional funds in rural areas being used to purchase basic public health services from doctors. We carried out comprehensive reform of county-level public hospitals in all counties and county-level cities and expanded trials of the comprehensive reform of urban public hospitals to 100 cities. We continued to support community-level healthcare facilities as well as village clinics in implementing the system of essential medicines. We promoted standardized training programs for resident physicians. We also improved medical assistance programs and the system for providing assistance for emergency medical treatment in both urban and rural areas.

推进农业可持续发展。扩大重金属污染耕地修复治理、地下水超采区综合治理试点范围。在部分地区开展农业“三项补贴”改革试点，着力支持耕地地力保护和粮食适度规模经营。推进节水供水重大水利工程、区域规模化高效节水灌溉和高标准农田建设。进一步加大财政扶贫资金投入，推动实施了一批效果突出的减贫项目。加强草原生态保护，支持落实新一轮退耕还林还草任务1000万亩，扩大全面停止天然林商业性采伐范围。实施国家水土保持重点建设工程，治理水土流失面积6570平方公里。统筹推进农村综合改革相关试点。支持开展农村土地承包经营权确权登记。

Promoting sustainable development of agriculture

We expanded trials for restoring and improving cultivated land contaminated by heavy metals and for comprehensively dealing with the over-abstraction of groundwater. We conducted in selected areas trial reforms of direct subsidies to grain growers, subsidies for purchasing superior crop varieties, and general subsidies for purchasing agricultural supplies with the aim of protecting the soil fertility of cultivated land and supporting appropriately scaled-up grain operations. We promoted the development of water conservation and supply projects, large-scale, high-efficiency, water-saving regional irrigation projects, and high-grade farmland. We made further increases to the amount of funding available for poverty alleviation efforts, facilitating the launch of a number of poverty reduction projects that produced outstanding results. We helped strengthen grassland ecological conservation and supported the implementation of a new round of efforts to return 667,000 hectares of marginal cropland back into forest or grassland as well as the expansion of efforts to bring a complete end to the commercial logging of natural forests. We launched key national water and soil conservation projects, bringing soil erosion under control across 6,570 square kilometers of land. We made coordinated progress in the trials related to comprehensive rural reform. We supported the work to determine and open up registration for contracted rural land-use rights.

加强环境保护和节能减排。增加投入，突出重点，提升大气污染防治效果。推进地下综合管廊和海绵城市建设试点，在38个重点区域开展重金属污染防治。以流域为单元，实施国土江河综合整治试点。继续推进重点防护林保护等生态工程。在近2万个村庄开展环境综合整治，加大对农村环保基础设施运行管理的支持。推动新能源和可再生能源产业发展。建立全方位支持政策体系，全年新能源汽车生产量、销售量分别增长约4倍和3倍。深入开展节能减排财政政策综合示范。

Conserving energy, reducing emissions, and improving the environment

With a focus on key areas, we increased funding to deliver further results in the prevention and control of air pollution. We moved forward with trials to construct networks of underground utility corridors and build sponge cities, as well as with efforts to prevent and treat heavy metal pollution in 38 key areas. We launched trials to comprehensively improve the conditions around rivers on the geographical scale of each drainage basin. We moved ahead with key forest shelterbelts and other ecological conservation projects. We supported comprehensive environmental improvement efforts in nearly 20,000 villages and channeled greater effort into supporting the operations and management of rural environmental protection infrastructure. We worked to facilitate the development of new energy and renewable energy industries. With our establishment of a well-rounded system of supportive policies, the production and sales of new-energy vehicles last year rose by approximately 400% and 300% respectively. We carried out comprehensive demonstrations of achieving energy conservation and emissions reductions through fiscal policy.

完善住房保障政策。实行实物配租与租赁补贴并举，开展运用PPP模式投资建设和运营管理公共租赁住房试点。支持棚户区改造开工601万套、农村危房改造432万户。

Improving government housing support

We provided housing support through the provision of both physical housing and rent subsidies, and carried out trials of developing and operating public rental housing through PPP models. We supported the renovation of 6.01 million homes in run-down urban areas and 4.32 million dilapidated rural houses.

促进文化繁荣发展。推动落实国家基本公共文化服务指导标准，加快构建现代公共文化服务体系，推进基层综合性文化服务中心建设。加强文化遗产保护和中国传统村落保护。促进骨干文化企业和创意文化产业发展。加强重点媒体国际传播能力建设，提升国家文化软实力。

Giving impetus to cultural prosperity and development

We promoted implementation of national standards for the provision of basic public cultural services, accelerated the development of a modern system of public cultural services, and supported the construction of multipurpose centers for providing cultural services in communities. We worked to strengthen the protection of cultural heritage sites and traditional Chinese villages. We promoted the development of leading cultural enterprises and creative and cultural industries. We worked to strengthen the international communication capacity of key news media outlets and enhance the country’s soft power.

以上预算执行的具体情况详见《中华人民共和国2015年全国预算执行情况2016年全国预算（草案）》。

For a detailed account of the budget execution related to the above items, please refer to the 2015 Nationwide Budget Execution Report and draft 2016 Nationwide Budget of the People’s Republic of China.

2015年，在经济下行压力加大、财政收入增幅回落、收支平衡难度很大的情况下，财政运行基本平稳，各项财税政策有效落实，为完成全年经济社会发展主要目标任务和实现“十二五”规划胜利收官提供了有力支撑。回顾过去的五年，财政改革发展迈上新台阶，财政在国家治理中的基础和重要支柱作用得到较好发挥。预算管理制度改革不断深化，营改增、消费税、资源税等税制改革有序推开，财政体制逐步完善，现代财政制度建设取得重要阶段性成果。财政宏观调控注重稳定市场预期、激发内生动力、推动结构优化，更多依靠市场力量，更多运用改革办法，促进了经济平稳运行和提质增效。民生保障持续加强，在增加投入的同时，着力完善相关领域支出政策和机制设计，突出公共性，增强可持续性。构建地方政府债务管理总体制度框架，摸清存量债务底数，有序推进存量债务置换，债务风险总体可控。这些成绩的取得，是党中央、国务院科学决策、坚强领导的结果，是全国人大、全国政协及代表委员们监督指导、大力支持的结果，是各地区、各部门和全国各族人民齐心协力、艰苦奋斗的结果。

Over the course of 2015, despite mounting downward pressure on the economy, subdued government revenue growth, and increased difficulty in maintaining a balanced government budget, our fiscal operations remained basically stable and we were able to effectively implement all fiscal and tax policies, providing strong support for accomplishing the major targets for economic and social development of the year as well as realizing a successful conclusion to the 12th Five-Year Plan.

Looking back over the last five years, it is clear that the reform and development of public finance work in China has reached a new level, and that its role as the foundation of the country’s governance has been effectively utilized. We constantly deepened the reform of the budgetary management system, made systematic headway in replacing business tax with VAT and in reforming excise tax and resource tax systems, and achieved major progress in building a modern fiscal system over five years of continuous refinement. In exercising macro regulation through fiscal policy, we paid great attention to keeping market expectations stable, unleashing internal forces for driving economic growth, and promoting structural improvements, and helped achieve a better-quality, higher-efficiency, and steadily operating economy by relying more heavily on market forces and adopting more reform measures. The wellbeing of our people has seen continual improvements, and we increased spending in related areas while working hard to improve related expenditure policies and institutional arrangements, emphasizing their public nature as well as increasing their sustainability. We established a general institutional framework for the management of local government debt, developed a clear picture of total outstanding debt, and carried out the systematic replacement of a portion of outstanding debt to ensure better overall control of debt-related risks.

We owe these achievements to the sound policymaking and firm leadership of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council; to the oversight, guidance, and strong support of the NPC, the CPPCC National Committee, and all of their members; and to the joint efforts and hard work of all regions, government departments, and all our people.

同时，我们清醒地认识到，财政运行还面临一些困难和问题，主要是：收支平衡压力越来越大，支出结构僵化问题仍然突出。地方政府偿债压力较大，违规举债、变相举债仍有发生，潜在风险防控任务十分艰巨。有的部门和单位预算执行力亟待增强，一些重大投资项目开工不及时、建设推进慢。财政资金统筹使用力度需进一步加大，资金使用的安全性、有效性仍需提高。我们高度重视这些问题，将采取有力措施加以解决。

At the same time, we are soberly aware that there are still a number of difficulties and problems standing in the way of fiscal work. Among these are the increasing difficulty in maintaining a balanced budget and the inflexibility in the structure of expenditures. Debt pressure on local governments is mounting, instances of borrowing in breach of regulations or in disguised form are still occurring, and the prevention and control of potential risks is becoming exceptionally difficult. The capacity of certain departments and organizations to execute their budgets is still quite poor, and work on some major programs has not gotten off the ground on time or has progressed at an unacceptably slow pace. Furthermore, government funds can still be utilized in a more coordinated, secure, and effective manner. We view these issues as extremely important, and will take effective measures to resolve them.