关于2015年中央和地方预算执行情况与2016年中央和地方预算草案的报告（中英对照）

二、2016年中央和地方预算草案

II. Central and Local Draft Budgets for 2016

2016年是全面建成小康社会决胜阶段的开局之年，也是推进结构性改革的攻坚之年。我国经济长期向好的基本面没有变，经济韧性好、潜力足、回旋余地大的基本特征没有变，经济持续增长的良好支撑基础和条件没有变，经济结构调整优化的前进态势没有变。同时，“三期叠加”影响凸显，结构性矛盾导致全要素生产率增速放缓，经济下行压力依然较大。从财政看，一方面，我国税收收入以流转税为主，随着经济增速趋缓和工业生产者出厂价格连续下降，财政收入增速的回落幅度大于国内生产总值增速的回落幅度。加上为保持经济稳定增长、推进结构性改革，需要加大减税降费力度，特别是全面实施营改增后减收很多，将进一步拉低财政收入增幅。另一方面，财政支出刚性较强，支持转方式、补短板、防风险等增支需求较大。总体判断，2016年财政形势更加严峻，平衡收支面临极大压力。

This year is the first year of the decisive stage in finishing building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and an important year for surmounting difficulties in the push towards structural reform. China’s economic fundamentals remain favorable for long-term growth, its economy remains resilient with strong potential and ample room for growth, the foundation and conditions for supporting sustained growth remain intact, and the momentum for economic structural adjustment has not slackened. Yet at the same time, China must simultaneously deal with the slowdown in economic growth, make difficult structural adjustments, and absorb the effects of previous economic stimulus policies. Structural issues are pulling down total factor productivity growth, and the economy still faces considerable downward pressure.

On the fiscal front, China receives most of its tax revenue from taxes related to goods and services, so as economic growth slows down and the PPI continues to fall, fiscal revenue growth is slowing at a rate greater than that of GDP growth. Additionally, the greater reductions in taxes and fees aimed at maintaining steady economic growth and pushing forward structural reform, and the substantial loss in revenue from across-the-board implementation of the reform to replace business tax with VAT in particular, are further pulling down growth in fiscal revenue. On the other hand, government expenditures are rather inflexible and will be driven up by the efforts to transform the growth model, strengthen points of weakness, and guard against risks. On the whole, the fiscal situation in 2016 will present a more challenging environment in which to achieve a balance of payments.

根据面临的财政经济形势，2016年预算编制和财政工作要全面贯彻党的十八大和十八届三中、四中、五中全会以及中央经济工作会议精神，深入贯彻习近平总书记系列重要讲话精神，按照党中央、国务院决策部署，按照“五位一体”总体布局和“四个全面”战略布局，牢固树立和贯彻落实创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享的发展理念，适应经济发展新常态，坚持改革开放，坚持稳中求进工作总基调，实行宏观政策要稳、产业政策要准、微观政策要活、改革政策要实、社会政策要托底的总体思路，继续实施积极的财政政策并加大力度，加快推进财税体制改革，促进供给侧结构性改革、适度扩大总需求，支持去产能、去库存、去杠杆、降成本、补短板，推动产业结构调整和培育发展新动力；坚持依法理财，认真贯彻落实预算法各项要求；加大财政资金统筹使用力度，盘活存量，用好增量，优化结构，提高绩效；坚持过紧日子，厉行节约，重点保障基本民生支出，压缩其他支出，从严控制一般性支出；加强政府债务管理，有效防范财政风险，努力实现“十三五”时期经济社会发展的良好开局。

In light of the fiscal and economic landscape, in preparing the budgets for 2016 and carrying out public finance work, we need to thoroughly put into practice the guiding principles from the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the third, fourth, and fifth plenary sessions of its 18th Central Committee, the Central Economic Work Conference, and General Secretary Xi Jinping’s major policy addresses. Acting in accordance with the decisions and plans of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, the overall plan for promoting all-round economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological progress, as well as the Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy,* we must firmly establish and put into practice the philosophy of innovative, coordinated, green, open, and shared development, adapt to the new normal in economic development, adhere to the policy of reform and opening up as well as the general principle of making progress while keeping performance stable, and follow the general guidelines that macro policies should be stable, industrial policies targeted, micro policies flexible, reform policies practical, and that social policies should ensure basic living needs. We will continue to implement proactive fiscal policy and increase its intensity. We will accelerate reform of the fiscal and tax systems, promote supply-side structural reform while moderately expanding aggregate demand, support efforts to cut overcapacity and excess inventory, deleverage, reduce costs, and strengthen points of weakness, and facilitate adjustments to the industrial structure and the emergence of new drivers of growth. We need to continue to manage public finances on the basis of law and fulfill all of the requirements of the Budget Law. We need to increase overall coordination in the use of government funds, put both idle and additional funds to work, and optimize the structure of budgetary expenditures to improve the performance of fiscal spending. We need to tighten our belts, practice thrift, and prioritize expenditures towards ensuring the basic living standards of the people while strictly controlling general expenditures and reducing other expenditures. We need to strengthen government debt management, effectively guard against fiscal risks, and work hard to ensure a good beginning for economic and social development in the 13th Five-Year Plan period.

Note:

* The Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy is to make comprehensive moves to finish building a moderately prosperous society, deepen reform, advance the law-based governance of China, and strengthen Party self-conduct.

（一）2016年财政政策。

1. Fiscal policy for 2016

2016年继续实施积极的财政政策并加大力度。主要体现在：一是进一步减税降费。全面实施营改增，将试点范围扩大到建筑业、房地产业、金融业、生活服务业，实行不动产进项税抵扣。加大收费基金清理和改革力度，将18项行政事业性收费的免征范围，由小微企业扩大到所有企业和个人；将新菜地开发建设基金、育林基金征收标准降为零，停征价格调节基金；将教育费附加、地方教育附加、水利建设基金的免征范围，由月销售额或营业额不超过3万元的缴纳义务人扩大到不超过10万元的缴纳义务人。实行上述减税降费政策，预计全年减轻企业和个人负担5000多亿元。二是扩大财政赤字规模。全国财政赤字拟安排21800亿元，比2015年增加5600亿元，赤字率为3%，比2015年提高0.6个百分点。扩大的赤字，在适当增加必要财政支出的同时，主要用于弥补减税降费带来的财政减收，保障政府应该承担的支出责任。此外，纳入政府性基金预算管理的地方政府专项债务也明显增加，并加大使用结转结余资金规模，使支出总水平和重点支出达到一定的力度。三是调整优化支出结构。按可持续、保基本原则安排好民生支出。严格控制“三公”经费预算，压缩会议费等一般性支出。对收入高增长时期支出标准过高、承诺过多等不可持续支出或政策性挂钩支出，在合理评估的基础上及时压减。优化转移支付结构，重点压减专项转移支付数额，相应提高均衡性转移支付以及老少边穷地区转移支付规模。中央基建投资集中支持属于中央事权的公益性基本建设项目，减少小、散项目支出，2016年安排5000亿元，比2015年增加224亿元。四是加大财政资金统筹使用力度。对2015年末财政存量资金规模较大的地区或部门，适当压缩2016年预算安排规模。对执行中不再需要使用的资金，及时调整用于重点支出，减少按权责发生制结转支出。将政府性基金预算超出规定比例的结转结余资金，调入一般公共预算统筹使用。提高国有资本经营预算调入一般公共预算的比例。同时，创新财政支出方式，提高财政支出效率。

We will continue to implement proactive fiscal policy in 2016 and increase its intensity. This will be mainly reflected in the following four areas.

First, we will further reduce taxes and fees.

We will implement the trials for replacing business tax with VAT in all sectors, extending it to the construction, real estate, financial, and consumer service industries, and allowing businesses to deduct the VAT on their new real estate purchases or on their payments for real estate rentals. We will step up efforts to clear up and reform administrative charges and government-managed funds by expanding the scope of exemptions for 18 types of administrative charges from only small and micro businesses to all enterprises and individuals, reducing required payments into new vegetable land development funds and forestry maintenance funds to zero, suspending the collection of payments into price adjustment funds, and increasing the body of tax payers eligible for exemption from educational surcharges, local educational surcharges, and water conservancy development fund payments by raising the cutoff for eligibility from a monthly sales or turnover figure of 30,000 yuan to 100,000 yuan. It is projected that the above tax and fee reduction policies will save businesses and individuals more than 500 billion yuan over the course of 2016.

Second, we will allow the deficit to increase.

Government deficit for 2016 is projected to be 2.18 trillion yuan nationwide, an increase of 560 billion yuan over 2015, and the deficit to GDP ratio is projected to be 3%, 0.6 percentage points higher than 2015. While appropriately increasing mandatory government expenditures, we will ensure the expanded deficit goes mainly towards filling the gap in government revenue left by tax and fee reductions, enabling the government to meet its expenditure responsibilities.

In addition, we will also allow a considerable rise in the special debt of local governments that is included in the budgets of government-managed funds, and we will put into use more carryover and surplus funds so as to ensure sufficient levels of both total spending and key area spending.

Third, we will adjust and optimize the structure of expenditures.

We will make the proper arrangements for expenditures aimed at promoting the wellbeing of the people in line with the principles of sustainability and ensuring basic needs. We will strictly control budgets for spending on official overseas visits, official vehicles, and official hospitality, while also reducing general expenditures such as those related to meetings. We will carry out rational assessments of policy-linked expenditures and unsustainable expenses, such as those made on overly ambitious commitments or on overly high expenditure standards during times of high revenue growth, and make prompt reductions on the basis of these assessments. We will improve the structure of transfer payments, focusing on cutting the number of special transfer payment items while making corresponding increases to general transfer payments aimed at creating more equitable access to basic public services as well as to transfer payments for old revolutionary base areas, areas with concentrations of ethnic minorities, border areas, and poor areas. Infrastructure investment by the central government will be more focused on basic public welfare projects within its purview, and less on small or miscellaneous projects. This investment is projected to be 500 billion yuan in 2016, which is an increase of 22.4 billion yuan over 2015.

Fourth, we will increase overall coordination in the use of fiscal funds.

We will appropriately trim the 2016 budgets for regions and departments that had a significant amount of government funds left over at the end of 2015. We will promptly reallocate funds that are no longer being used into key spending areas and reduce carryover expenditures produced by accrual accounting. We will move the carryover and surplus funds of government-managed fund budgets that exceed stipulated ratios into general public budgets so that they can be utilized in a coordinated way. We will also raise the proportion of funds transferred from the budgets for state capital operations into general public budgets. At the same time, we will make innovations in the way the government carries out its expenditures with a view towards increasing efficiency.

主要支出政策如下：

The primary policies regarding government expenditures are as follows:

教育方面。进一步完善城乡义务教育经费保障机制，统一义务教育学校生均公用经费基准定额。继续实施农村义务教育薄弱学校改造计划等重大项目，对建档立卡的家庭经济困难学生率先免除普通高中学杂费。继续实施现代职业教育质量提升计划，推动地方建立健全职业院校生均拨款制度，改善中职学校办学条件，加强“双师型”教师队伍建设，促进产教融合、校企合作。支持普惠性幼儿园发展。完善高校预算拨款制度，引导高校提高质量、优化结构、办出特色。健全家庭经济困难学生资助政策体系，提高资助精准度。

Education

We will further improve the mechanisms for ensuring funding for urban and rural compulsory education and set a unified benchmark for public funding per student in compulsory education schools. We will continue to carry out major projects such as the initiative for improving conditions in badly built or poorly operated rural schools providing compulsory education, and eligible students from families with financial difficulties will be the first to be exempted from tuition and miscellaneous fees at regular senior high schools. We will continue to implement the quality improvement plan to develop modern vocational education, encouraging local governments to establish sound systems for allocating funds to vocational colleges based on student enrollment, improving conditions in secondary vocational schools, training a contingent of teachers strong in both theory and practice, and promoting the integration of vocational education with industry work as well as cooperation between colleges and businesses. We will support the development of kindergartens open to all children. We will improve the budgetary appropriation system for institutions of higher learning and guide these institutions in improving their quality, optimizing their structure, and developing their own unique characteristics. We will improve the system of policies for providing financial aid to students from poor families and make such aid more targeted.

科技方面。完成中央财政科技计划优化整合，建成公开统一的国家科技管理平台，建立依托专业机构管理科研项目的机制。大力支持自然科学基金、科技重大专项和重点研发计划。加快实施国家科技成果转化引导基金，启动银行贷款风险补偿。推动在重大创新领域组建一批国家实验室。完善稳定支持机制，促进科研院所改革发展。实施科研项目后补助管理机制。

Science and technology

We will complete the optimization and integration of science and technology programs financed by the central government, finish building an open and unified national science and technology management platform, and establish a mechanism for entrusting the management of research programs to specialized agencies. We will give a high level of support to the National Natural Science Foundation of China, major science and technology projects, and key research and development programs. We will accelerate the implementation of the national seed fund for encouraging the application of scientific and technological advances and put in place loan default compensation mechanisms for banks in order to encourage them to provide loans to medium, small, and micro businesses. We will promote the establishment of a number of national laboratories in important innovation fields. We will facilitate the reform and development of research institutions by improving the mechanisms for providing them with consistent support. We will put in place management mechanisms for post-research program subsidies.

社会保障和就业方面。2016年中央财政按城市、农村低保人均补助水平分别提高5%、8%对地方补助。研究建立健全特困人员供养制度和资金保障机制。支持地方全面建立困难残疾人生活补贴和重度残疾人护理补贴制度。保障优抚对象等人员各项抚恤待遇落实。支持做好退役士兵安置工作。

Social security and employment

In 2016, the central government will subsidize local governments in raising the level of subsistence allowances by 5% in urban areas and 8% in rural areas. We will conduct research on the establishment of a sound system for providing basic necessities to extreme poverty groups as well as mechanisms for guaranteeing funding for these efforts. We will support localities in comprehensively establishing systems for providing living allowances to needy persons with disabilities and for providing care service subsidies to people with serious disabilities. We will ensure the implementation of benefits for entitled groups and support the proper settlement of demobilized military personnel.

统筹考虑职工平均工资增长率和物价涨幅等因素，2016年1月1日起，按6.5%左右提高企业和机关事业单位退休人员养老金标准，并向退休较早、养老金偏低的退休人员和艰苦边远地区企业退休人员适当倾斜；建立基本工资正常调整机制，促进在职和退休人员待遇水平协调增长。完善职工养老保险个人账户，坚持精算平衡，建立更加透明易懂的收付制度，进一步健全多缴多得、长缴多得的激励约束机制。完善养老保险制度改革方案，研究职工基础养老金全国统筹方案。

In consideration of factors such as the rates of increases in average wages and price levels, as of January 1, 2016, pension benefits for retirees of enterprises, Party and government offices, and public institutions will be increased by around 6.5%, with appropriate preference given to those who have retired some time ago and are on relatively low pension benefits as well as those who have retired from enterprises in hardship and remote areas. We will put in place a mechanism for making regular adjustments to basic salaries and promote coordination between the benefit increases for those employed and retired. We will improve the personal account side of the old-age insurance scheme for workers, ensure that it remains in actuarial balance, establish more transparent and easily understood collection and payment systems, and further improve incentives for encouraging people to contribute more. We will also improve the reform plan for the old-age insurance systems and conduct research on putting the social pension of workers under national unified management.

完善鼓励高校毕业生到科技型、创新型中小企业和城乡基层就业创业政策，拓宽高校毕业生就业渠道。研究规范公益性岗位政策，建立困难群体就业帮扶长效机制。推动农民工平等获得公共就业服务。

We will improve policies that encourage college graduates to seek employment in small and medium-sized high-tech, high-innovation enterprises, start their own businesses, or find employment at the community level in urban and rural areas, and we will expand the channels through which college graduates can look for jobs. We will conduct research on policies for regulating public-service job positions, set up long-term mechanisms to support the employment of groups having difficulties in finding jobs, and help migrant workers obtain equal access to public employment services.