关于2015年中央和地方预算执行情况与2016年中央和地方预算草案的报告（中英对照）

医药卫生方面。建立健全合理分担、可持续的医保筹资机制，将城乡居民基本医疗保险财政补助标准由每人每年380元提高到420元，个人缴费标准由每人每年120元提高到150元，新增筹资主要用于提高基本医疗保障水平，并加大对城乡居民大病保险的支持力度。将基本公共卫生服务项目年人均财政补助标准由40元提高到45元。整合城乡居民基本医疗保险制度和管理体制。全面推进医保支付方式改革，发挥医保控费和规范诊疗行为作用。推进公立医院和基层医疗卫生机构改革，结合新型城镇化调整优化医疗资源布局，建立有序分级诊疗格局。推进重特大疾病医疗救助，加强与相关医疗保障制度的衔接，减轻低收入大病患者治疗费用负担。

Health care

We will set up sound, sustainable mechanisms for various parties to reasonably share the costs of health insurance. We will raise the annual government subsidies for basic health insurance for rural and non-working urban residents from 380 yuan to 420 yuan per person, and increase annual personal contributions from 120 yuan to 150 yuan per person, with the increases to be mainly used to provide better basic medical insurance and boost support for the major disease insurance scheme for rural and urban non-working residents. We will increase government subsidies for basic public health services from 40 yuan to 45 yuan per person per year. We will integrate the basic health insurance systems and their management systems for rural and non-working urban residents. We will comprehensively advance the reform of health insurance payouts to help control medical expenses and regulate medical treatment practices. We will press ahead with the reform of public hospitals and community-level health care institutions, adjust and optimize the distribution of medical resources in conjunction with the new type of urbanization, and put in place a tiered diagnosis and treatment system. We will work to reduce the burden of medical expenses on low-income patients suffering from major or critical diseases by providing them with assistance and ensuring such assistance is better linked with other health insurance programs.

脱贫攻坚方面。2016年中央财政加大了扶贫方面各项支出力度，其中财政扶贫专项资金增加201亿元，增长43.4%。进一步推广资产收益扶贫试点，大力推动易地扶贫搬迁，支持贫困县统筹整合使用财政涉农资金，集中力量解决突出贫困问题。推进少数民族扶贫、国有贫困农（林）场扶贫、以工代赈等，实施彩票公益金支持贫困革命老区项目。在扶贫资金项目审批权限下放的同时，切实加强财政扶贫资金监管，保障资金安全有效使用。通过实施精准扶贫、精准脱贫，增强贫困地区“造血”功能和发展后劲，推动贫困地区和贫困群众加快脱贫致富步伐。

Fighting poverty

In 2016, the central government will increase all expenditures relating to poverty alleviation efforts; this includes the appropriation of an additional 20.1 billion yuan of funds earmarked specifically for poverty reduction, which is an increase of 43.4% over last year. We will further expand the pilot scheme for helping those living in poverty realize returns on their asset investments, work hard to relocate those living in inhospitable areas, support poor counties in integrating the use of government funds for rural development, and concentrate our efforts on tackling severe poverty. We will continue to provide assistance to ethnic minorities living in poverty and to poor state-owned agricultural farms and forestry farms, and we will also provide poverty-relief employment programs. We will put into effect programs to use public welfare funds financed by lottery proceeds in support of old revolutionary base areas facing poverty. While delegating powers for the review and approval of programs supported by poverty-relief funds, we will strengthen supervision over such funds to ensure their secure and effective use. With targeted measures for reducing poverty, we will work to help poor areas tap into their potential for development and make their development sustainable so that both poor areas and poverty groups can lift themselves out of poverty at an even faster pace.

农业方面。调整现有农业支出结构，加大对农业可持续发展的支持力度。推动减少农药化肥过度使用，探索实行耕地轮作休耕制度试点。出台促进农业种植结构调整政策，支持农业水价综合改革。继续推进重金属污染耕地修复治理、地下水超采区综合治理等试点。

Agriculture

We will make adjustments to the structure of agricultural expenditures, increasing support to efforts to promote sustainable agricultural development. We will work to discourage the excessive use of insecticides and fertilizers and explore conducting trials on the implementation of systems of crop rotation and fallow land. We will introduce policies to promote adjustments to the agricultural production mix and support comprehensive price reform of water used for agricultural purposes. We will continue to move ahead with trials for restoring and improving cultivated land contaminated by heavy metals as well as trials for comprehensively dealing with the over-abstraction of groundwater.

支持实施藏粮于地、藏粮于技战略，保障农产品有效供给，保障口粮安全。大规模推进农田水利和高标准农田建设，提高粮食综合生产能力。全面推开农业“三项补贴”改革，支持发展多种形式适度规模经营，促进农村一二三产业融合发展。健全粮食主产区利益补偿机制，加大对产粮（油）大县奖励力度。推进国有林场、国有林区、供销社和农垦改革发展。推动中国海外农业投资开发基金规范有序运营，促进农业走出去。

We will support the implementation of a food crop production strategy based on farmland management and the application of technology in order to ensure the effective supply of agricultural products as well as grain security. We will make a large-scale push to develop farmland irrigation systems and high-quality farmland in order to help increase overall grain production capacity. We will carry out nationwide reform of direct subsidies to grain growers, subsidies for purchasing superior crop varieties, and general subsidies for the purchase of agricultural supplies. We will support the development of diverse forms of appropriately scaled-up agricultural operations and work to promote integrated development of the primary, secondary, and tertiary industries in rural areas. We will improve mechanisms for subsidizing major grain growing areas and increase rewards given to major grain-producing and edible oil-producing counties. We will support the reform and development of state forestry farms, state forestry areas, rural supply and marketing cooperatives, and state farms built on reclaimed land. We will promote the orderly and effective operation of the China Overseas Agricultural Investment and Development Fund and work to see China’s agriculture go global.

支持粮食等流通体制改革。深入推进棉花、大豆目标价格改革试点。推进玉米收储制度改革。完善主要农产品储备和调控机制。上述改革在一定时期会增加财政支出，但这是必要的改革成本。在粮棉油市场价格形成机制建立后，逐步将库存降至合理规模，相应使财政负担的粮棉油储备支出恢复到正常水平。

We will provide support for the reform of logistics systems for grain and other agricultural products. We will deepen the pilot reform for ensuring guaranteed base prices for cotton and soybeans. We will promote reform of the system for purchasing and stockpiling corn. We will also improve mechanisms for stockpiling and regulating the supply of major agricultural products. Although the above reform measures will increase government expenditures for a time, this is a necessary cost of reform. Following the establishment of a market-based price formation mechanism for grain, cotton, and edible oils, we will work towards gradually reducing stockpiles of these products to appropriate levels so that the fiscal burden from stockpiling expenses can see a corresponding return to normal levels.

生态环保方面。加大大气污染治理力度。推进实施水污染防治行动计划。开展山水林田湖系统治理修复试点。实施新一轮退耕还林还草和草原生态保护补助奖励政策。落实天然林保护全覆盖政策，适当提高天然林保护工程补助和森林生态效益补偿标准。加强湿地保护，扩大退耕还湿范围。加大新能源汽车推广力度，加快充电基础设施建设。支持能源清洁化利用，集中用煤、加强脱污、严控散煤。完善可再生能源发电补贴机制，及早实现平价上网。扩大节能减排财政政策综合示范、跨省流域上下游横向生态补偿机制试点范围。推进环境监测体制改革，加快建立中央与地方各负其责的环境监测体系。

Ecological conservation and environmental protection

We will go further in supporting efforts to control air pollution. We will promote the implementation of the action plan for water pollution prevention and control. We will carry out trials for the restoration and improvement of mountain, water, forest, and farmland ecosystems. We will implement a new round of policies for providing subsidies and awards to efforts to return marginal farmland back into forest or grassland and to preserve the ecology of grasslands. We will put in place nationwide coverage of protective policies for all natural forests, and appropriately increase subsidies for natural forest protection projects as well as the levels of compensation for forest management and conservation efforts that produce a positive ecological impact. We will strengthen wetlands protection efforts and expand the scope of work to return cultivated land back into wetlands. We will increase efforts to promote the use of new-energy vehicles and accelerate the construction of battery-charging facilities. We will work to ensure the cleaner use of resources by promoting more efficient, centralized coal operations and utilizing pollutant-capturing equipment while restricting less efficient, dispersed coal operations. We will improve the mechanism for subsidizing the use of renewable energy for electricity generation and work to see that electricity generated from renewable energy can come on the grid at a price comparable to that of conventional electricity generation methods as soon as possible. We will expand the comprehensive demonstrations of achieving energy conservation and emissions reductions through fiscal policy as well as the scope of trials for having provinces situated on the upper and lower reaches of river basins compensate each other for their impact on water quality. We will promote reform of environmental monitoring systems so as to step up the pace of establishing a monitoring system in which the central and local governments assume separate responsibilities.

保障性安居工程方面。继续开展运用PPP模式投资建设和运营管理公共租赁住房试点，落实棚户区改造税费优惠政策和贷款贴息政策，积极推进棚改货币化安置和政府购买棚改服务。全年计划棚户区改造开工600万套，农村危房改造314万户。

Government-subsidized housing projects

We will continue to carry out the trials of developing and operating public rental housing through PPP models. We will put in place preferential tax and fee policies and loan interest subsidy policies for projects to renovate run-down urban areas, promote efforts to grant direct monetary housing subsidies to people displaced by the redevelopment of such areas, and actively encourage government procurement of renovation services. This year we plan to start renovating 6 million housing units in run-down urban areas and 3.14 million dilapidated houses in rural areas.

文化体育方面。推动基本公共文化服务标准化均等化，提高公共文化服务供给体系质量和效率。支持繁荣社会主义文艺创作，推动文化交流与传播。完善文化产业政策扶持体系。推进实施全民健身战略。支持中国足球改革发展。做好2016年里约热内卢奥运会备战和参赛经费保障。

Culture and sports

We will work hard to ensure that access to basic public cultural services becomes increasingly standardized and equitable, and that both quality and efficiency are increased in the provision of public cultural services. We will support efforts to help socialist art and literature thrive while promoting cultural exchanges and communication. We will improve the systems for providing policy support to cultural industries. We will continue to promote public fitness programs and support the reform and development of soccer in China. We will work to ensure adequate funding for China’s preparation for and participation in the 2016 Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro.

国防和军队建设方面。支持深化国防和军队改革，全面加强军队革命化现代化正规化建设，推动经济建设和国防建设融合发展，不断提高履行使命任务能力，维护国家主权、安全、发展利益。

National defense and armed forces development

We will support efforts to deepen the reform of national defense and the armed forces and strengthen the military in all respects so that it is more revolutionary, modern, and standardized. We will promote integrated development of the economy and national defense. We will work hard to ensure that the capabilities of the armed forces are constantly improving, and that they are able to safeguard the sovereignty, security, and development interests of China.

化解过剩产能及人员安置方面。坚持“市场倒逼、企业主体、地方组织、中央支持”，推动地方政府和中央企业综合运用兼并重组、债务重组和破产清算等方式加快化解钢铁、煤炭行业过剩产能，省级政府对本地区化解过剩产能负总责。中央财政安排1000亿元奖补资金，其中2016年500亿元，根据地方任务完成情况（主要与去产能规模挂钩）、需安置职工人数、地方困难程度等因素，实行梯级奖补，由地方政府和中央企业统筹用于符合要求的职工安置工作。同时，地方政府按照任务量同步安排资金，做好资金保障，共同做好此项工作。

Overcapacity reductions and the resettlement of workers

We will urge local governments and enterprises directly under the central government to accelerate their efforts to cut overcapacity in the steel and coal industries through the use of a combination of methods such as mergers, reorganizations, debt restructurings, and bankruptcy liquidations. In this process, the market should serve as a check, enterprises should be the major actors, local governments should play a coordinating role, and the central government should provide due support, while the responsibility for making sure that overcapacity reductions happen in a locality will be on the relevant provincial-level government. We will allocate a total of 100 billion yuan from the central government budget, including 50 billion yuan to be used in 2016, for setting up tiered awards and subsidies for eligible worker resettlement projects by local governments and central government enterprises. These awards and subsidies will be provided on the basis of levels of performance (linked mainly to overcapacity reductions), the number of workers that require resettlement, the level of hardships faced by the local government, and other factors. At the same time, local governments should also allocate funds on the basis of their task requirements to ensure that adequate financing is available during overcapacity reductions and work together with the central government to carry out this work successfully.