关于2015年国民经济和社会发展计划执行情况的报告（中英对照）

（三）坚持创新驱动发展，新产业新业态加快形成。出台深化体制机制改革加快实施创新驱动发展战略的若干意见，推进全面创新改革试验，大力推动创新和产业升级。

3. We continued to pursue innovation-driven development and accelerated the development of new industries and new forms of business. We issued guidelines on deepening structural and institutional reforms and accelerating the implementation of the innovation-driven development strategy, pushed forward pilot reforms for all-round innovation, and devoted great energy to promoting innovation and industrial upgrading.

一是大众创业、万众创新蓬勃发展。大力推进大众创业、万众创新若干政策措施的意见出台实施。“互联网+”行动计划启动，大数据、电子商务等领域新业态不断涌现。众创众包众扶众筹支撑平台加快发展，全国各类众创空间超过2300家，技术转移示范机构达453家，技术交易总额接近1万亿元。国家新兴产业创业投资引导基金设立。中小企业公共服务平台在26个省实现互联互通。首届全国双创活动周成功举办。

1) Entrepreneurship and innovation gained momentum. We published and implemented guidelines on certain policies and measures for promoting entrepreneurship and innovation. The Internet Plus action plan was launched and new forms of business continued to emerge in sectors such as big data and E-commerce. Efforts were stepped up to develop support platforms for crowd innovation, crowdsourcing, crowd support, and crowdfunding, with the number of maker spaces in China exceeding 2,300, the number of institutions for demonstrating technology transfer reaching 453, and the total value of the trade in technology reaching almost one trillion yuan. The state seed fund for investment in emerging industries was set up, the public service platforms for small and medium-sized enterprises in 26 provinces were interconnected, and the first National Week for Entrepreneurship and Innovation was held.

二是传统产业转型升级步伐加快。“中国制造2025”和增强制造业核心竞争力三年行动计划启动实施，在增强制造业核心竞争力、产业振兴和技术改造等领域推进一批重大工程。具有自主知识产权的中国标准动车组成功下线，一批现代农业机械高端产品取得突破，成功组建国家机器人检测与评定中心，自主品牌工业机器人示范应用顺利推进。先进制造产业投资基金设立，首期基金规模200亿元，有效吸引了社会资本参与。

2) The transformation and upgrading of traditional industries were accelerated. The Made in China 2025 strategy and the three-year action plan for enhancing the core competitiveness of our manufacturing industries were launched. We advanced major projects in the manufacturing sector aimed at strengthening core competitiveness, promoting industrial rejuvenation, and encouraging technology upgrading. The Chinese-standard EMU trains for which we hold the intellectual property rights rolled off the production line, breakthroughs in the development of a number of sophisticated modern agricultural machines were made, the National Robot Test and Evaluation Center was established, and smooth progress was made in the demonstration and application of Chinese-brand industrial robots. We set up an investment fund for advanced manufacturing, raising 20 billion yuan in the first round of funding, a portion of which came from private investors.

三是坚定不移化解产能严重过剩矛盾。清理整顿违规项目，严禁备案和建设产能严重过剩行业新增产能项目，产能扩张势头得到遏制。全年淘汰炼铁产能1300万吨、炼钢1700万吨、水泥3800万吨、电解铝30万吨、平板玻璃1100万重量箱以上。煤炭行业脱困深入推进。

3) Unremitting efforts were made to address the serious problem of overcapacity. In order to curb the expansion of production capacity, we reviewed and reorganized projects that were in violation of relevant regulations, and strictly forbade the registration and construction of new projects in industries that were already burdened with severe overcapacity. Last year we reduced excess production capacity by 13 million metric tons of iron, 17 million metric tons of steel, 38 million metric tons of cement, 300,000 metric tons of electrolytic aluminum, and 11 million weight cases of plate glass. Efforts were stepped up to help turn the coal industry around.

四是战略性新兴产业取得新进展。国家民用空间基础设施建设全面启动，我国自主研制的C919大型客机总装下线，ARJ21新型支线飞机实现首架交付。北斗卫星导航系统广泛应用，云计算、基因检测、新能源汽车、机器人、移动互联网等行业快速发展，集成电路、海洋工程装备、医疗器械等行业向高端迈进。

4) New progress was made in the development of strategic emerging industries. The national program for civil space infrastructure was fully implemented; China’s homegrown large passenger aircraft, the C919, rolled off the production line; and the new regional airliner, the ARJ21, was put into service. The BeiDou Navigation Satellite System was widely used, and sectors such as cloud computing, genetic testing, new-energy vehicles, robotics, and mobile Internet experienced rapid development. A number of industries including integrated circuits, marine engineering equipment, and medical equipment started moving toward the high end.

五是现代服务业加快创新发展。加快发展生活性服务业促进消费结构升级的指导意见出台，服务业市场准入进一步放开，综合改革试点扎实推进，跨境电子商务综合试验区进展顺利。第三产业增加值增长8.3%。

5) Innovation in and development of the modern service industry were accelerated. We issued guidelines on accelerating the development of consumer services and promoting the upgrading of the consumption structure, further lifted restrictions on market access in the service sector, made solid progress in comprehensive pilot reforms in this area, and advanced smoothly the development of integrated experimental zones for cross-border E-commerce. The value-added of the tertiary industry increased by 8.3% over the previous year.

六是基础设施网络更加完善。综合交通体系建设全面推进，网络总里程达到494万公里。能源供应能力增强，消费结构优化，非化石能源消费比重上升到12%，煤炭消费比重下降到64%。“宽带中国”战略深入推进，新一代信息基础设施日趋完善。

6) Infrastructure networks were further improved. We pressed ahead with the development of comprehensive transportation systems, with the length of transportation lines open to traffic reaching 4.94 million kilometers. China’s energy supply capacity was enhanced and its energy consumption structure was improved, with the proportion of non-fossil energy consumption increasing to 12% of total energy consumption, while coal consumption decreased to account for 64% of total energy consumption. The National Broadband Internet Agenda was further implemented and next-generation information infrastructure continued to improve.

（四）推动城乡区域协调发展，新的增长点增长极增长带加快形成。“三大战略”、“四大板块”、新型城镇化积极推进，新的发展空间不断拓展。

4. We promoted coordinated development between urban and rural areas and between regions and sped up the formation of new areas of growth, growth poles, and growth belts. Positive headway was made in the implementation of the Three Initiatives (the Silk Road Economic Belt and 21st Century Maritime Silk Road Initiative; the coordinated development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region; and the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt), the development of the four regions (the western, northeastern, central, and eastern regions), and the promotion of the New Urbanization, all of which have made a contribution toward creating new space for development.

一是“三大战略”正在从蓝图向现实转化。“一带一路”建设开局良好。京津冀协同发展稳步前行，北京非首都功能疏解有序开展，交通、生态、产业三个重点领域率先突破加快推进。长江经济带发展深入推进，绿色生态廊道加快构建，综合交通体系逐步完善。

1) The blueprint for the Three Initiatives produced tangible results. The Belt and Road Initiative got off to a good start. Steady progress was made in the coordinated development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, with functions non-essential to Beijing’s role as the capital being relocated away from the city in an orderly manner and initial breakthroughs being made in the three key areas of transportation, ecological conservation, and industry. Efforts to develop the Yangtze River Economic Belt were stepped up, with the development of the green, ecological corridor beginning to pick up speed and the comprehensive transportation system being gradually improved.

二是“四大板块”发展更趋协调。新一轮西部大开发战略加快落实，采取有效举措积极应对东北地区经济下行压力，中部地区综合交通枢纽和生态经济区建设步伐加快，东部地区在改革创新、转型升级、提质增效方面继续发挥示范作用。国家级新区建设发展势头良好。

2) The development of the four regions became more coordinated. Efforts were increased to accelerate large-scale development in the western region, while effective measures were adopted to respond to the downward pressure on economic development in the northeast. The development of integrated transportation hubs and eco-economic zones in the central region was accelerated. And the eastern region continued to play an exemplary role in carrying out reform and innovation, transforming and upgrading industries, and improving the quality and performance of the economy. In addition, state-level new areas enjoyed sound development.

三是新型城镇化积极稳妥推进。“一融双新”工程进展顺利，27个省区市和新疆生产建设兵团出台户籍制度改革实施意见，居住证暂行条例印发实施。新型城市建设和新生中小城市培育有序推进。长三角、成渝、哈长等城市群规划编制完成。国家新型城镇化综合试点扩大到2个省和135个城市（镇）。市县“多规合一”改革取得积极成效。

3) The New Urbanization was advanced in an active yet prudent way. Projects to help rural migrant workers become permanent urban residents, to cultivate emerging small and medium-sized cities, and to promote new models of urban development all made smooth progress. Twenty-seven provinces (including autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government) as well as the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps published their guidelines for carrying out reform of the household registration system, and provisional regulations concerning the residence certificate were published and implemented. Steady progress was made in advancing new models of urban development and in the cultivation of emerging small and medium-sized cities. Plans for the development of city clusters were completed for the Yangtze River Delta, and for the Chengdu-Chongqing and Harbin-Changchun regions. We further extended the state comprehensive pilot project for the New Urbanization to two provinces and 135 cities or towns. Positive results were achieved in implementing the reform to replace multiple plans for city (county) development with one master plan.

（五）加快转变农业发展方式，农业现代化扎实推进。农业和农村经济平稳发展，粮食产量实现“十二连增”。

5. We accelerated the transformation of the agricultural growth model and made solid progress in agricultural modernization. Agricultural and rural development remained steady, and grain output increased for the twelfth consecutive year.

一是农业支持政策创新完善。“三农”投入继续加大，中央预算内投资用于“三农”的比重连续5年超过50%。全国涉农资金专项整治行动圆满完成，省级涉农资金整合优化试点启动实施。粮食最低收购价和临时收储政策逐步完善，新疆棉花、东北和内蒙古大豆目标价格改革试点进展顺利。粮棉油糖化肥等重要商品市场调控加强。

1) Support policies for agriculture were innovated and improved. Investment in agriculture, rural areas, and farmers continued to grow, and for the fifth consecutive year the proportion of funds appropriated for investment in these three areas from the central government budget exceeded 50% of total funds. The program for the review of state funds for agricultural development was successfully completed, and the trials of integrating and optimizing the use of provincial funds for agricultural development were launched. We worked steadily to improve the policy for setting minimum state grain purchase prices and the policy for the temporary state purchase and storage of grain, and solid progress was made in implementing pilot reforms for guaranteeing base prices for cotton in Xinjiang, and for soybean in the northeast and Inner Mongolia. We strengthened regulation over the market for major commodities such as grain, cotton, edible oil, sugar, and chemical fertilizers.

二是农业农村基础设施建设继续强化。重大水利工程建设加快推进。大中型灌区节水改造和新增1000亿斤粮食生产能力规划田间工程加快实施，现代种业基础设施建设得到加强，粮食收储仓容建设力度加大。农村水电路气房等基础设施建设深入推进，城乡基础设施和公共服务设施互联互通、共建共享步伐加快。农业面源污染治理、东北黑土地保护利用、已垦草原治理试点启动，耕地重金属污染治理、地下水超采治理试点积极推进。

2) Agricultural and rural infrastructure development was further strengthened. Construction on major water conservancy projects was accelerated. We stepped up efforts to upgrade water-saving facilities in medium-sized and large irrigation areas and carried out farmland improvement projects to support the plan to increase China’s grain production capacity by 50 million metric tons, while also developing the infrastructure needed for a modern seed industry and expanding the capacity of grain silos. Further progress was made in strengthening rural infrastructure such as roads, housing, and water, power, and methane supply capacity. In order to increase cooperation and connectivity, urban and rural areas moved faster to jointly build and share infrastructure as well as public service facilities. Pilot projects were launched to control pollution from non-point agricultural sources, utilize and protect chernozem soil in the northeast, and improve the management of grassland reclamation areas; and progress was made in the trials for treating heavy-metal pollution on farmland and the over-abstraction of groundwater.

三是农业结构调整迈出新步伐。粮食产量6.21亿吨，肉蛋奶、果蔬茶、水产品等重要农产品丰产丰收。畜禽养殖规模化率提高到54%，粮改饲、粮豆轮作试点全面启动。农作物耕种收综合机械化水平达到63%，农业科技进步贡献率56%。

3) New strides were made in agricultural structural adjustment. Grain output reached 621 million metric tons, and harvests and production levels remained high for major agricultural products such as meat, egg, milk, fruits, vegetables, tea, and aquatic products. As much as 54% of livestock and poultry farming is now carried out on a large scale; trials to replace grain crop cultivation with feed crop cultivation and to rotate crops between grain and soybean were launched across the board. The overall level of mechanization in plowing, sowing, and harvesting reached 63%, and advances in agricultural science and technology contributed to 56% of agricultural production.

四是农村改革稳步推进。农村土地征收、集体经营性建设用地入市和宅基地制度改革试点在33个县级行政区域实施，农村承包土地经营权和农民住房财产权抵押贷款试点在278个县级行政区域实施。农村集体资产股份权能改革试点有序推进。家庭农场、农民合作社、产业化龙头企业等新型农业经营主体近250万家。

4) Steady progress was achieved in rural reform. Pilot reforms relating to rural land requisition, the marketization of rural collective land designated for business-related construction, and the system of land used for rural housing were carried out in 33 county-level administrative areas; and trials to allow contracted rural land-use rights and farmers’ home property rights to be used as collateral to borrow money were implemented in 278 county-level administrative areas. The pilot reform relating to granting shareholder rights for rural collective assets proceeded in an orderly manner. The number of family farms, farmers’ cooperatives, leading agricultural enterprises, and other new types of agribusiness amounted to nearly 2.5 million.

（六）生态文明建设力度加大，节能环保目标超额完成。单位国内生产总值能耗和二氧化碳排放量分别下降5.6%和6%以上，二氧化硫、化学需氧量、氨氮、氮氧化物排放量分别下降5.8%、3.1%、3.6%和10.9%，万元工业增加值用水量下降3.9%。

6. We intensified efforts to promote ecological progress, and surpassed this year’s targets for energy conservation and environmental protection. Energy consumption per unit of GDP dropped by at least 5.6%, carbon dioxide emissions by at least 6%, sulfur dioxide emissions by 5.8%, chemical oxygen demand by 3.1%, ammonia nitrogen by 3.6%, nitrogen oxide emissions by 10.9%, and water consumption per 10,000 yuan of value-added of industry by 3.9%.

一是生态文明建设持续加强。加快推进生态文明建设的意见和生态文明体制改革总体方案发布实施，生态文明先行示范区建设进展顺利。主体功能区环境政策、全国海洋主体功能区规划、全国生态功能区划印发实施。扩大新一轮退耕还林还草工程实施范围，完成造林面积632万公顷，全国草原综合植被盖度达54%。石漠化治理、湿地保护得到加强，新增水土流失综合治理面积540万公顷。

1) Efforts to promote ecological conservation continued to intensify. We promulgated and implemented both the guidelines on accelerating ecological advancement and the integrated reform plan for promoting ecological progress, and continued to ensure the smooth development of pilot demonstration zones for promoting ecological progress. Environmental policies relating to functional zones, the national plan for marine functional zones, and the revised national plan for ecosystem service zones were published and implemented. We expanded the scope of a new round of projects to return marginal farmland to forest or grassland and afforested 6.32 million hectares of land, and the national vegetation fractional coverage of grasslands reached 54%. Efforts were intensified to prevent the expansion of stony deserts and protect wetlands, and integrated measures were taken to bring soil erosion under control on an additional 5.4 million hectares of land.

二是节能减排深入开展。在大气污染治理重点城市实行煤炭消费总量控制，煤电节能减排升级改造行动计划全面实施。环境污染第三方治理、再制造产品“以旧换再”和生产者责任延伸制度等试点示范有序开展。绿色建筑积极推进。农作物秸秆综合利用得到加强。

2) Further progress was made in energy conservation and emissions reduction. A ceiling on total coal consumption was imposed in each major air-polluting city, and the action plan to promote energy conservation and reduce emissions through the upgrading of coal-fired power plants was fully implemented. The pilot demonstration projects to commission a third party to treat pollution, encourage the trading in of old equipment and parts for remanufactured ones, and implement a system for extended producer responsibility were all carried out in an orderly manner. We promoted both the construction of green buildings and the comprehensive utilization of crop straw.

三是污染治理全力推进。首批实施新环境空气质量标准的74个城市细颗粒物（PM_2.5）平均浓度下降14.1%。重点流域水污染防治和湖泊生态环境保护工程力度加大，地表水达到或好于Ⅲ类水体比例提高到66%。启动土壤污染治理与修复试点示范项目，推进污染场地环境监管试点。

3) An all-out effort was made to address pollution. The average concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) dropped by 14.1% in the 74 cities where the new ambient air quality standards were first applied last year. More efforts were made to prevent and control water pollution in major water basins and to protect the ecosystems of lakes; as a result, the proportion of surface water with a water quality rating of Grade III or higher has risen to 66%. The pilot demonstration project to treat and restore contaminated soil was launched, and progress was made in trials for the environmental monitoring of contaminated sites.

四是应对气候变化取得新进展。启动第一批低碳城（镇）试点。在北京、天津、上海、重庆、广东、湖北、深圳等7个地方推进碳排放权交易试点。建设性参与气候变化巴黎大会，提出全球气候治理中国方案，推动达成巴黎协定。

4) Fresh achievements were made in responding to climate change. The first round of pilot projects for low-carbon cities (towns) were launched, and trials for trading carbon emissions rights were carried out in Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Chongqing, Guangdong, Hubei, and Shenzhen. Our participation and constructive role at the United Nations Climate Change Conference in Paris allowed us to put forward China’s approach to climate governance and make a contribution toward the adoption of the Paris Climate Agreement.