关于2015年国民经济和社会发展计划执行情况的报告（中英对照）

（七）更加注重保障和改善民生，民生福祉持续改善。多措并举增投入、补短板、兜底线，扎牢民生保障网。

7. We put greater emphasis on ensuring and improving living standards and made consistent progress in improving people’s quality of life. Multiple methods were used to increase investment, strengthen points of weakness, and help those most in need, thereby helping to weave a strong social safety net.

一是精准扶贫精准脱贫步伐加快。易地扶贫搬迁、产业扶贫、转移就业、教育扶贫、健康扶贫等扶贫工程启动实施。全年农村贫困人口减少1442万人。对革命老区开发建设、赣南等原中央苏区振兴发展的支持力度明显加大。加强中央支持和对口支援，进一步促进新疆、西藏和四川、云南、甘肃、青海四省藏区经济社会发展和长治久安。

1) The implementation of targeted measures to reduce poverty gathered pace. We launched a number of projects to alleviate poverty, such as relocating people from inhospitable areas, supporting the development of local industries, promoting education and helping to increase health standards in poor areas, and providing support for people seeking employment. The number of people living in poverty in rural areas was reduced by 14.42 million. Greater efforts were made to support the development of the old revolutionary base areas and the revitalization of the former Central Soviet areas including southern Jiangxi. We strengthened support from the central government and pairing assistance programs for underdeveloped localities, and took further steps to promote both the economic and social development and the long-term peace and stability of Xinjiang, Tibet, and Tibetan ethnic areas in Sichuan, Yunnan, Gansu and Qinghai.

二是居民收入稳定增长。全国居民人均可支配收入实际增长7.4%，其中农村居民人均纯收入突破万元大关，实际增长7.5%，增幅连续第6年高于经济增速和城镇居民收入增幅。城乡居民收入比下降到2.73:1。

2) Personal income increased steadily. Per capita disposable personal income increased by 7.4% in real terms. Rural per capita net income exceeded 10,000 yuan and registered a 7.5% increase in real terms, making it the sixth consecutive year in which the increase in rural per capita net income has surpassed the growth rate of both GDP and urban per capita disposable income. The ratio of urban income to rural income per capita dropped to 2.73:1.

三是社会保障水平稳步提高。基本养老保险参保人数达到8.58亿人，基本医疗保险参保率稳定在95%以上。企业退休人员养老金水平继续提高，城乡居民基础养老金最低标准由每人每月55元提高到70元。城乡居民医保财政补助标准由每人每年320元提高到380元。特困人员供养制度开始规范建立，20个省市建立了困难残疾人生活补贴和重度残疾人护理补贴制度，800多万残疾人受益。

3) Steady progress was made in the area of social security. The number of people covered by basic old-age insurance has reached 858 million. The rate of participation for basic medical insurance stood at over 95% and pension benefits for enterprise retirees continued to rise. The minimum basic pension benefit for rural and non-working urban residents rose from 55 yuan to 70 yuan per month. The annual government subsidy for basic medical insurance covering rural and non-working urban residents was increased from 320 yuan to 380 yuan per person. Work to establish a standardized system to provide basic necessities for people experiencing extreme difficulties began. The system for granting living allowances to people with disabilities who are facing financial difficulties and a caring subsidy to people with serious disabilities was put in place in 20 provinces and provincial-level municipalities, with over eight million people benefiting from the system.

四是公共服务供给水平进一步提升。贫困地区义务教育薄弱学校办学条件持续改善，乡村教师支持计划启动实施，农村贫困地区学生进入重点大学渠道进一步畅通。九年义务教育巩固率、高中阶段教育毛入学率分别达到93%和87%。基层医疗服务体系、重大疾病防治体系、全科医生培养基地建设加强，人均基本公共卫生服务经费达到40元，服务项目扩大到12类。国家基本公共文化服务指导标准发布实施，地市级公共文化服务设施建设支持力度加大。体育产业创新发展取得积极进展。

4) Better public services were provided. We continued to improve the basic conditions of badly built and poorly operated schools providing compulsory education in poor areas, launched the plan to strengthen the workforce of teachers in rural areas, and opened up more channels through which students from poor rural areas enter key colleges and universities. The retention rate of nine-year compulsory education reached 93%, while the gross enrollment ratio for senior secondary education reached 87%. We improved the system for community-level medical care services, the prevention and control system for major diseases, and the work to train general practitioners. The per capita government expenditures on basic public health services increased to 40 yuan, with the number of categories of basic public health services increasing to 12. We issued and implemented the national standards to guide the provision of basic public cultural services, and increased support to improve prefecture-level facilities for public cultural services. Significant progress was made in catalyzing innovative development in the sports industry.

五是保障性安居工程建设顺利推进。加大中央预算内投资和中央财政专项资金支持力度，安排专项建设基金和企业债券融资，支持棚户区改造等保障性安居工程。全年城镇保障性安居工程新开工783万套，基本建成772万套。

5) The construction of government-subsidized housing progressed smoothly. We supported government-subsidized housing projects, such as the rebuilding of run-down areas, by increasing central government’s budgetary investments and special funding in this area, allocating special development funds, and securing financing through corporate debt issuance. Over the last year, construction began on 7.83 million government-subsidized housing units in urban areas and construction on 7.72 million units was basically completed.

从计划指标运行情况看，经济增长、价格总水平、国际收支平衡、就业等总量指标保持在合理区间，一些反映经济结构和质量的指标进一步改善，社会发展和民生保障类指标继续向好，资源节约利用和环境保护类指标完成情况较好，计划指标的完成情况总体是好的。

In assessing performance in relation to meeting the targets projected in the plan, overall targets for national economic and social development, such as the economic growth rate, the consumer price index, the balance of payments, and employment levels, remained within the proper range; those targets reflecting economic structure and quality were further improved; targets regarding social development and people’s wellbeing maintained positive momentum; and targets related to resource conservation and environmental protection were implemented satisfactorily. Overall, planned targets were well met.

18个约束性指标全部完成。41个预期性指标中，35个运行情况符合或好于预期，5个指标运行值与预期值存在差距，1个由于统计口径变化数据不可比。需要说明的是，预期性指标的计划目标不是指令性的，也不是预测值，而是国家期望的发展目标，体现预期和政策导向，实际运行情况是市场行为的客观结果，可能高于预期目标，也可能低于预期目标。部分指标运行值与预期目标存在差距，有以下几种情况。一是为体现宏观调控内需导向，社会消费品零售总额和全社会固定资产投资指标定得比预测值稍高一些，是全年的努力目标，实际运行结果与预期目标会有一定差距。社会消费品零售总额指标受输入性通缩以及国内部分工业品价格下跌、农产品价格涨幅有限等影响，实际增幅基本符合预期，但名义增长则低于年初确定的预期目标。全社会固定资产投资指标，主要是在国际市场低迷、内需不足的情况下，部分制造业行业出现产能严重过剩，加上三四线城市房地产库存高企以及投资品价格降幅持续扩大等因素影响，全年增长也低于年初确定的预期目标。二是有的指标低于预期存在特殊因素。2015年经济下行压力加大、企业利润持续下滑，制约了研发投入，加上2014年研究与试验发展经费支出与国内生产总值之比的统计数据，由年初的2.09%修正为年末的2.05%，使得2015年预期目标未能实现。三是国际经济环境变化导致有的指标全年数值低于预期目标。受全球贸易放缓、国际能源价格大幅下跌影响，进出口总额指标增速低于预期目标。国际大宗商品价格大幅下跌，加之国内市场需求不旺，导致天然气产量指标未能达到全年预期目标。此外，由于主管部门调整了户籍人口统计口径，户籍人口城镇化率指标2015年实际数与计划数不可比。

All 18 obligatory targets have been achieved as planned. Of the 41 anticipatory targets, the performance of 35 was in line with or better than expectations, 5 fell short of the projected figures, and there is one target for which the figures are not comparable due to changes in the statistical standards. It should be noted that the anticipatory targets are neither mandatory nor predicted; they are development objectives that the government hopes to achieve and a reflection of the anticipated direction of national development and policy orientation. The actual performance of these targets is objectively decided by the market, and may be higher or lower than the projected figures. The reasons for the discrepancies between the projected figures for some anticipatory targets and the actual performance are as follows: First, in order to reflect the orientation of macro-control policies toward boosting domestic demand, the targets of total retail sales of consumer goods and fixed-asset investment were set slightly higher than the estimated figures. These were targets for us to work toward over the course of the whole year, and as a result, there was a minor difference between the actual performance and the projected figures. The actual increase in the total retail sales of consumer goods basically met the projected target in real terms, but was lower than the target set at the beginning of the year in nominal terms because of imported deflation, the decline in the prices of some domestically manufactured goods, and the limited increase in the prices of agricultural products. In the face of a sluggish international market and insufficient domestic demand, total fixed-asset investment also fell short of the projected figure set at the beginning of 2015. This was due to serious overcapacity in some manufacturing industries; excess supply in the real estate markets of third- and fourth-tier cities; and a sustained fall in the prices of goods for investment as well as other factors. Second, unique factors resulted in the target for spending on R&D being lower than the projected figure. This was due to the increasing downward pressure on economic growth and the continued decline in the profits of enterprises in 2015. In addition, the figure for spending on R&D as a percentage of GDP in 2014 was adjusted statistically from 2.09% at the beginning of the year to 2.05% at the end of the year. These factors meant that the 2015 target for R&D spending as a percentage of GDP was not achieved. Third, changes in the international economic environment caused the yearly figures for some targets to be lower than the projected figures. Under the influence of a slowdown in the growth of world trade and a slump in energy prices on the international market, the growth of total import and export volume was slower than projected. A sharp drop in the prices of major commodities on the global market and the slackening demand for natural gas on the domestic market also meant that natural gas output for last year fell short of the projected target. Finally, the statistical standards for calculating the population using household registration have been adjusted by the competent department, and therefore the actual figure for the percentage of the population registered as urban residents in 2015 is not comparable with the projected figure.

总之，在国内外形势错综复杂的情况下，我国经济社会发展取得的成就来之不易。这是党中央国务院正确领导的结果，是各地区各部门共同努力的结果，是全国各族人民团结奋斗的结果。经过五年的努力，“十二五”规划《纲要》主要指标顺利完成。

In brief, facing complex situations both at home and abroad, the achievements that China has made thus far in economic and social development have not come easily. They are the result of the correct leadership of the Party Central Committee and the State Council, and the concerted efforts of all regions and departments and the people of all our ethnic groups. Through five years of hard work, the major targets set out in the Twelfth Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development have been successfully completed.

同时，我们也清醒地认识到，世界经济继续深度调整、分化明显，全球经济、国际贸易双双低速增长，地缘政治风险上升，复苏基础仍相当脆弱，外部环境的不稳定不确定因素增加。国内经济处于“三期叠加”阶段，经济持续下行带来的不利影响和长期积累的深层次矛盾特别是结构性矛盾进一步显现，发展面临的形势可能更加错综复杂，困难可能会更大。一是经济下行压力加大。需求放缓趋势仍在延续。外需总体疲弱，外贸形势更加严峻复杂。受工业品价格持续低迷、劳动力等要素成本上升影响，投资特别是制造业投资增长乏力。随着经济下行压力逐步向就业、收入领域传导，对居民消费的影响可能显现。二是实体经济困难继续加重。受需求不足和综合成本上升的双重挤压，部分行业企业盈利能力下降、亏损增加，困难企业增多。一些行业和企业出现裁员或隐性失业情况。三是结构性矛盾进一步凸显。有效需求乏力和有效供给不足并存，新旧动力转换不均衡。供给侧结构性矛盾更加突出，供给体系调整滞后，有效供给不能适应需求总量和结构变化，结构性产能过剩依然比较严重。四是生态环境问题依然突出。大气污染形势严峻，严重雾霾天气在一些城市和地区时有发生。水环境质量偏低，一些地方地下水严重超采。一些地区土壤污染治理任务艰巨。环境基础设施建设滞后。五是各方面风险因素积聚交织。财政收入增速放缓，收支矛盾突出，地方债务存在局部风险隐患。银行业不良贷款余额和比例“双升”，企业负债率上升，非法集资多发，潜在金融风险仍在积聚。与此同时，安全生产和民生等领域也出现一些新问题。我们要高度重视，充分估计经济下行带来的困难和挑战，增强忧患意识，坚持底线思维，既保持战略定力，又及时做好预警预案预控，更加有效应对，认真加以解决。

At the same time, we should also be keenly aware that the world economy is still undergoing profound adjustment, the divergence of economies is pronounced, growth of the global economy and trade are sluggish, geopolitical risks are on the rise, the foundation for economic recovery is still weak, and external instabilities and uncertainties are increasing. In this current period of development, China must simultaneously manage the slowdown in economic growth, make difficult structural adjustments, and absorb the effects of previous economic stimulus policies. As the adverse effects of a sustained slowdown in economic growth continue to persist and deep-seated and longstanding problems, especially structural problems, become more serious, the conditions for China’s development may become even more complex and the difficulties even more formidable.

First, the downward pressure on China’s economy is mounting. The slowdown in the growth of demand is continuing. With international demand remaining weak, the situation in relation to foreign trade has become more challenging and complex. Affected by the persistently low prices of manufactured goods and the rising costs of labor and other factors of production, growth in investment is slow, particularly in the area of manufacturing. As downward pressure on China’s economy begins to affect employment and personal income, it may also spread to and affect private consumption.

Second, the difficulties faced by the real economy are building. Having been pressed by insufficient demand as well as a rise in overall costs, the ability of enterprises in some industries to make a profit has decreased, and with losses in some industries increasing the number of enterprises facing difficulty is also rising. This has resulted in layoffs and hidden unemployment within some enterprises and industries.

Third, structural problems are becoming more prominent. Weak effective demand has been coincident with insufficient effective supply, and the transition from the old to the new drivers of growth has been unbalanced. The delayed adjustment of the supply system has resulted in supply-side structural problems becoming more pronounced, and effective supply has not yet adapted to aggregate demand or to changes in the structure of demand, while structural overcapacity is still a significant problem.

Fourth, ecological and environmental problems are still grave. Air pollution remains serious, with the frequent occurrence of heavy smog in some cities and areas. The quality of the water environment is relatively poor and the over-abstraction of groundwater is severe in some regions; while other regions face an arduous task in bringing soil pollution under control. The construction of environmental infrastructure lags behind.

Fifth, challenges and risks in other areas are accumulating and intertwining. The growth of government revenue is slowing down; the imbalance between revenue and expenditures is becoming more pronounced; and there are risks and hidden dangers in local government debt. The amount and ratio of non-performing loans reported by banks have increased; the debt ratios of enterprises are also rising; illegal fund-raising is becoming more frequent; and hidden financial risks are mounting. At the same time, there are also new problems to be addressed in relation to workplace safety and the people’s well-being.

We must attach great importance to these issues, carry out a full evaluation of the difficulties and challenges that have arisen as a result of downward pressure on the economy, and become more aware of potential dangers and the bottom line. We need to maintain our strategic focus while taking timely steps to undertake early warning initiatives, formulate contingency plans, and exercise anticipatory regulation; such measures will ensure that we can respond effectively to these problems and resolve them.