关于2015年国民经济和社会发展计划执行情况的报告（中英对照）

三、2016年经济社会发展的主要任务

III. Major Tasks for Economic and Social Development in 2016

2016年，将紧紧围绕适应引领经济新常态、贯彻落实发展新理念，重点推进9方面工作，确保“十三五”开好局、起好步。

In 2016, with the focus on adapting to and guiding the new normal in economic development and applying the new development philosophy, we will carry out work in the following nine areas to ensure a good start to the 13th Five-Year Plan:

（一）推进供给侧结构性改革重点任务。调既有存量、改造提升传统动能，扩有效增量、培育发展新动能，提高供给结构的适应性和灵活性，增强持续增长动力。

1. Making progress in major tasks for supply-side structural reform

We will adjust existing resources so as to upgrade traditional drivers for development, while also incorporating additional effective resources so as to foster new drivers; at the same time, we will make the supply structure more adaptable and flexible with a view to increasing the impetus for sustainable growth.

一是积极稳妥化解过剩产能。更加注重运用市场机制、经济手段、法治办法，更加注重分类有序、因地施策、因业施策、因企施策，更加注重标本兼治、建立市场化产能调节长效机制。实行严格的环保、能耗、安全、技术标准，严控增量，严肃财经、信贷纪律，分类推进企业兼并重组、债务和解、破产重整乃至破产清算，积极稳妥处置长期亏损、失去清偿能力和市场竞争力的企业。加大财税、金融、土地等政策支持，促进钢铁、煤炭等行业脱困和转型升级，把职工安置作为化解产能过剩工作的重中之重，中央设立专项奖补资金，重点用于职工分流安置。

1) We will actively and steadily address overcapacity. We will put greater emphasis on making use of market forces, economic measures and rule of law approaches; on applying targeted policies tailored to local conditions and specific industries and enterprises in an orderly fashion; and on addressing both the symptoms and root causes of overcapacity by establishing a permanent market-based mechanism for adjusting enterprises’ production capacity. We will adopt strict standards for environmental protection, energy consumption, safety, and technology; tighten control on the expansion of production capacity; enforce strict financial and credit rules; work with enterprises on a case-by-case basis to carry out mergers, reorganizations, debt restructuring, or bankruptcy through reorganization or liquidation; and actively yet prudently deal with enterprises that have long been indebted, insolvent, and uncompetitive. We will increase support through fiscal, tax, financial, and land policies to help turn around and upgrade the steel, coal, and other industries. When addressing the issue of overcapacity, priority will be given to ensuring proper arrangements are made for workers who are laid off, and funds for rewards and subsidies will be set up to ensure they are resettled and provided with employment.

二是努力降低企业成本。开展降低实体经济企业成本行动，着力降低制度性交易成本、人工成本、税费负担、融资成本、用能用地成本、物流成本，研究降低社会保险费。精简涉企审批事项和办事程序，推进企业管理创新。合理把握最低工资标准提高幅度。进一步正税清费，实行涉企收费目录清单管理，全面推开营改增，加快资源税改革，研究精简归并“五险一金”，完善住房公积金制度，适当降低企业住房公积金缴存比例。深化利率市场化改革，发展股权融资，扩大债券发行规模，稳步降低企业综合融资成本。加快电力、热力、石油、天然气等体制机制改革。推进流通体制改革。

2) We will work to lower business costs. We should cut the cost of operating for enterprises in the real economy, working hard to reduce transaction costs imposed by government, labor costs, the tax burden, financing costs, energy costs, land-use expenses, and logistics costs, and we will also explore the possibility of reducing social insurance premiums. We will streamline the government review and approval process as well as related procedures for enterprises, and help them make innovations in management. We will raise minimum wages by a reasonable amount. We will continue to revise and streamline taxes and fees; draw up lists and catalogs to manage all fees and charges relating to enterprises; replace business tax with VAT in all industries; accelerate reform of the resource tax; and research the feasibility of streamlining and consolidating old-age insurance, medical insurance, unemployment insurance, workers’ compensation, maternity insurance, and the housing provident fund. Improvements will be made to the housing provident fund system and the proportion that enterprises contribute to the fund will be reduced by an appropriate amount. We will further liberalize interest rates, develop equity financing, increase the issuance of bonds, and steadily reduce overall financing costs for enterprises. We will accelerate structural reform of the electricity, heat, petroleum, and natural gas industries, and advance reform of the commodity distribution system.

三是有序化解商品房库存。推进以满足新市民住房需求为主的住房制度改革，合理降低交易成本，鼓励农民工在中小城市购房，落实好首次购房优惠政策。培育发展住房租赁市场，鼓励自然人和各类机构投资者购买库存商品房，扩大租赁市场房源。提高棚户区改造以及其他房屋征收项目货币化安置比例，实施公租房货币化。用足用好住房公积金，把有能力有意愿的个体工商户和农民工逐步纳入住房公积金体制。

3) We will reduce commodity housing stock in a well-ordered way. In carrying out reform of the housing system, we will focus on meeting the demand of new urban residents by appropriately lowering transaction costs, encouraging rural migrant workers to purchase homes in small and medium-sized cities, and implementing policies to provide incentives for first-time home buyers. In order to develop the housing rental market, we will encourage both individuals and investors from various types of institutions to purchase commodity housing stock so as to increase the supply of rental housing. We will expand the use of direct monetary housing subsidies for people displaced by the rebuilding of run-down areas and other housing requisition projects, and also provide subsidies for people living in public rental housing. We will ensure efficient use of the housing provident fund, and gradually allow self-employed people and rural migrant workers, who have adequate financial resources, to participate in the housing provident fund scheme on a voluntary basis.

四是着力补齐短板。把脱贫攻坚同扩大有效供给、化解过剩产能有机结合起来，打好脱贫攻坚战。支持企业技术改造和设备更新。推动制造业高端化、智能化、绿色化、服务化，采用先进制造产业投资基金注资、股权投资、投资补助等方式，集中实施一批工程化、产业化示范项目，培育发展新兴产业。补齐软硬基础设施短板。以综合交通枢纽建设为核心，加快“最后一公里”水电气路、新一代信息基础设施、新能源汽车基础设施、城市地下管网、储气调峰设施、城际交通基础设施互联互通、城乡物流基础设施网络、生态保护和环境治理等建设。推动交通物流融合发展，提升综合效率和效益。全面加强教育事业，加快推进中西部教育发展，加强对农民工、职业农民、退役军人和下岗失业人员的培训。实施山水林田湖生态保护和修复工程，加大环境治理力度，改革环境治理基础制度，增强生态保护和环境治理能力，筑牢生态安全屏障。

4) We will work to strengthen points of weakness. In a bid to win the battle against poverty, we will integrate the task of poverty alleviation with the tasks of increasing effective supply and addressing overcapacity. We will support the upgrading of equipment and technology in enterprises. We will see to it that manufacturing becomes higher-end, smarter, more eco-friendly, and better able to provide services; and with the aim of fostering and developing emerging industries, we will use measures such as injecting capital into the investment fund for advanced manufacturing, making equity investments, and subsidizing investment to finance the implementation of a number of demonstration programs that are project-oriented and industry-specific. We will also work to reinforce points of weakness in our hard and soft infrastructure. With the focus on developing integrated transportation hubs, we will step up efforts to extend water, power, and gas supply networks and roads to every “last kilometer” in rural areas; develop next-generation information infrastructure, new-energy vehicle facilities, urban underground pipeline networks, gas storage facilities, intercity transportation infrastructure, and urban and rural logistics networks; and promote ecological protection and environmental improvement. We will promote integrated development of transportation and logistics infrastructure so as to improve their overall efficiency and returns. We will comprehensively develop education, speed up efforts to promote education in the central and western regions, and strengthen training for rural migrant workers, commercial farmers, former military personnel, laid-off workers, and the unemployed. We will protect and restore mountain, water, forest, and farmland ecosystems, step up environmental governance efforts, reform the foundational systems for environmental governance, increase our capacity to conserve ecosystems and improve the environment, and build ecological security shields.

五是防范化解金融等风险。加强经济运行监测预警和政策预研储备，创新和完善宏观调控方式，提高风险预测防范能力，保持经济运行在合理区间，确保发展的连续性和稳定性。加强金融宏观审慎管理制度建设，全方位监管系统重要性金融机构、金融控股公司和重要金融基础设施，健全前瞻性金融风险监测、评估和应对机制，完善股市、汇市、债市风险处置预案和金融机构退出机制，支持银行核销处置不良贷款，有序释放信用违约风险，规范各类融资行为，开展互联网金融风险专项整治，加大金融诈骗、非法集资打击力度，坚决守住不发生系统性区域性风险底线。着力缓解财政收支矛盾，完善地方政府债务限额管理、预算管理、风险预警和监督考核制度，完善全口径政府债务管理，改进地方政府债券发行办法。加强对实体经济的支持，防止企业“三角债”、资金链断裂放大蔓延。落实好援企稳岗、社保补贴、税费减免等政策，加大再就业支持力度。加强和创新社会治理，深入排查和调处化解社会矛盾，维护社会和谐稳定。

5) We will guard against and defuse financial and other risks. In order to keep the economy operating within an appropriate range and ensure the continuity and stability of development, we will improve the monitoring and early-warning system for economic performance, conduct preparatory research to maintain policy options for different eventualities, create new methods of macro regulation and improve existing ones, and increase our capacity for predicting and guarding against risks. We will strengthen the system for macro-prudential financial regulation, comprehensively oversee and regulate systemically important financial institutions, financial holding companies, and key financial infrastructures. We will set up sound anticipatory mechanisms for monitoring, assessing, and responding to financial risks, and improve contingency plans for handling the risks in the stock market, foreign exchange market, and bond market as well as the mechanism for financial institutions exiting the market. We will support banks in writing off nonperforming loans and systematically reduce credit default risks. We will regulate all financing activities; launch a campaign to address risks related to Internet finance; crack down harder on financial fraud and illegal fundraising; and work to ensure that no systemic or regional financial risks occur. To ease the imbalance between revenue and expenditures, we will better regulate the ceilings imposed on local government debt, improve budgetary management, and advance the systems for giving early warning against risks and for the assessment and oversight of debt. We will also improve the unified management of government debt and the way in which local government bonds are issued. We will increase support for the real economy, and prevent the aggravation and spread of debt chains and broken chains of funding among enterprises. We will implement policies to support enterprises in keeping employment stable, subsidize enterprises’ contribution to social insurance premiums, and reduce taxes and fees, while also increasing support for reemployment. We will improve and innovate social governance and intensify efforts to identify, mediate, and defuse social conflicts so as to ensure social harmony and stability.

（二）用新思路新举措深挖内需潜力。有效发挥消费基础作用和投资关键作用，进一步夯实内需基础，保持经济运行在合理区间。

2. Tapping the potential of domestic demand with new ideas and measures

We will effectively promote both the fundamental role of consumer spending and the key role of investment in stimulating growth and further consolidate the foundation of domestic demand, thereby ensuring that the economy operates within an appropriate range.

一是推动新消费引领新供给形成新动力。顺应居民消费结构升级趋势，着力推进供给创新，加快形成消费和供给良性互动、需求升级和产业升级协调共进的格局。2016年社会消费品零售总额预期增长11%左右。第一，千方百计提高居民消费能力。着力增加中低收入者收入。落实有利于科技成果转移转化的分配政策。健全促进农民增收机制，探索完善土地增值收益在国家和集体之间的分配机制。第二，大力培育和拓展消费热点。稳定住房和汽车等大宗消费。提高网速、降低网费，加快线上线下融合，支持可穿戴设备、智能家居、数字媒体等信息消费。培育新型服务消费，切实落实带薪年休假制度，发展乡村旅游、红色旅游、生态旅游、研学旅行，有序拓展“老幼”两端消费，扩大和引导文化消费。发展通用航空、邮轮游艇等时尚消费。倡导有利于节约资源、改善环境的绿色消费。充分释放农村消费潜力。第三，扩大有效供给释放潜在消费。鼓励支持地方和企业加大宽带乡村、中小城市信息基础设施、民用空间基础设施等建设力度，推动旅游基础设施和服务设施建设。支持发展城市文化娱乐综合体，推动社会力量举办的大型体育场馆免费或低费开放。丰富健康、家庭、养老、长期护理、文化创意等服务和产品供给。第四，改善消费环境。全面提高标准化水平，健全消费者权益保护机制。开展改善消费品供给专项行动，建立商品质量惩罚性赔偿制度。完善消费品进口关税等相关政策。实施食品安全战略，建立健全食品安全标准和追溯体系。提高药品质量。加强价格监管和反垄断执法，维护市场竞争秩序。

1) We will promote consumer spending in new areas and guide new forms of supply to create new drivers of growth. In keeping pace with the upgrading of the private consumption mix, we will work to promote innovation in supply, thereby accelerating the formation of a pattern of positive interaction between consumption and supply and of coordination between the upgrade in demand and the upgrade in industry. Total retail sales of consumer goods are expected to increase by around 11% in 2016.

First, we will use all possible measures to enhance people’s ability to consume. We will work to increase the incomes of low- and middle-income groups. We will implement an income distribution policy that is conducive to the commoditization and application of scientific and technological advances. We will improve the mechanism for stimulating the growth of rural income, and explore ways to improve the mechanism for distributing revenues from the appreciation in land values between collectives and the state.

Second, we will nurture and expand new areas of consumer spending. We will keep housing, vehicle, and other major consumption stable. We will boost broadband speeds, lower rates for Internet services, and speed up efforts to combine online-offline activities, while also working to expand consumption in areas such as wearable devices, smart homes, and digital media. We will develop new forms of consumption in relation to services; effectively implement the system of paid vacations; develop rural tourism, tourism to sites of significance in early CPC history, ecological tourism, as well as travel for study; expand consumption by the elderly and the young in an orderly manner; and expand and guide cultural consumption. At the same time as we develop general aviation, cruise liners, yachts, and other emerging areas of consumption, we will also advocate green consumption that helps conserve resources and improve the environment. We will unleash the potential for consumption in rural areas.

Third, we will increase effective supply and unleash potential consumer demand. We will encourage and support local governments and enterprises in intensifying their efforts to extend broadband connectivity to rural villages, develop information infrastructure in small and medium-sized cities as well as civil space infrastructure, and promote the development of tourism infrastructure and public service facilities. We will support the development of cultural entertainment complexes in cities, and help open large stadiums and gymnasiums funded by nongovernmental investors to the public free of charge or at a lower price. We will provide more products and services related to health, household, elderly care, long-term care, and cultural and creative industries.

Fourth, we will improve the consumption environment. We will improve the level of standardization in all industries and improve the mechanism for protecting consumers’ rights and interests. We will launch campaigns to improve the supply of consumer goods, and introduce a system of punitive damages against producers whose products do not meet quality standards. We will improve policies related to tariffs on consumer goods. We will implement the food safety strategy, and establish sound systems for food safety standards and for ensuring product traceability. We will improve drug quality. We will tighten oversight of prices and step up efforts to counter monopolistic pricing to safeguard fair market competition.

二是着力补短板、调结构、提高投资的有效性。牢牢抓住关键领域和薄弱环节，创新政府性资金使用方式，充分发挥中央预算内投资、专项建设基金“四两拨千斤”的引导带动作用，着力补短板，扩大有效投资。2016年全社会固定资产投资预期增长10.5%左右。第一，进一步优化用好预算内投资。中央预算内投资拟安排5000亿元，重点支持保障性安居工程、粮食水利、中西部铁路、科技创新、节能环保和生态建设、教育卫生文化等社会事业、老少边贫地区建设等。第二，充分发挥专项建设基金带动作用。按季度安排市场化方式筹措的专项建设基金，保持适度规模。积极推动社会资本跟进，发挥投贷结合效应。加大企业债券发行力度，鼓励发行城市地下综合管廊、停车场、战略性新兴产业、养老产业、配电网建设改造、双创孵化、绿色债券等企业债券创新品种。第三，组织编制三年滚动投资计划。切实加强政府投资项目储备，做到储备报批一批、开工建设一批、投产达标一批，形成接续不断、滚动实施的储备机制和良性循环。第四，着力激活社会投资。统筹安排中央预算内投资和专项建设基金，优先支持符合投向的政府和社会资本合作（PPP）项目建设。进一步放宽市场准入，拓宽社会资本投资渠道。加快出台政府投资条例、基础设施和公用事业特许经营条例、企业投资项目核准和备案管理条例。第五，加强关键领域薄弱环节重大工程建设。着力推进脱贫攻坚、棚户区改造、农村电网和城镇配电网改造、重大水利工程、铁路、公路、城市轨道交通、重点流域水污染治理和企业技术改造等“十三五”重点专项和重大项目建设。新开工20项重大水利工程。实施交通“一二三百”、西北风光电基地和军民融合重大战略工程。加强投资管理，加大项目监督稽察力度。

2) We will strengthen points of weakness, adjust the economic structure, and improve the performance of investment. While ensuring investment in key areas and for weak links, we will innovate the way in which government-managed funds are used, and use central government budgetary investment and special development funds to attract more investment from non-governmental sources. We will also intensify efforts to shore up weak spots and increase effective investment. Total fixed-asset investment is projected to increase by around 10.5% in 2016.

First, we will further improve the use of budgetary investment. Appropriation for investment in the central government budget this year is planned to be 500 billion yuan. This investment will mainly go toward government-subsidized housing; grain production and water conservancy; railway construction in the central and western regions; scientific and technological innovation; energy conservation, environmental protection, and ecological improvement; education, health, culture, and other social programs; as well as toward the development of old revolutionary base areas, ethnic minority areas, border areas, and poor areas.

Second, we will give full play to the leading role of special development funds. An appropriate amount of capital will be raised in a market-based manner for special development funds on a quarterly basis. We will encourage nongovernmental capital to increase in step with government development funds, so that government investment and credit funds can produce positive results together. Corporate bonds issuance will be expanded and the issuance of new-type corporate bonds will be encouraged, such as those for developing urban utility tunnels, parking lots, strategic emerging industries, and elderly care services, for building and upgrading power distribution grids, for supporting entrepreneurship and innovation incubators, and for launching eco-friendly initiatives.

Third, we will develop an investment plan on a rolling three-year basis. We will build up the number of government investment projects in reserve so that rolling groups of projects can be approved, launched, and completed one after another; such a continuous, rolling reserve mechanism will help to maintain a beneficial cycle of government investment.

Fourth, we will work to stimulate nongovernmental investment. We will make overall arrangements for investment funds from the central government budget and special development funds, giving priority to developing PPP projects that are in line with government criteria. We will also further relax restrictions on market access to open up more channels for private investment. The formulation of the regulations on government investment, the regulations on franchising of infrastructure and public utilities, and the regulations concerning the management of investment projects that are subject to government review and reporting will all be accelerated.

Fifth, we will strengthen major construction projects in key areas and areas of weakness. We will increase efforts to press ahead with the key projects in the 13th Five-Year Plan as well as other major projects, such as those to reduce poverty; rebuild run-down areas; upgrade rural power grids and urban power distribution grids; develop major water conservancy projects, railways, highways, and urban rail transit facilities; control water pollution in key water basins; and promote technological upgrading in enterprises. Construction will begin on 20 major water conservancy projects. We will launch major strategic projects including the 100-200-300 Transportation Program, the project to develop wind and photovoltaic power bases in northwestern China, and the project to promote military-civilian integration. We will strengthen management in relation to investments and tighten the supervision and inspection of projects.