关于2015年国民经济和社会发展计划执行情况的报告（中英对照）

（三）加大重要领域和关键环节改革力度。抓紧推出一批具有重大牵引作用的改革举措，更加注重制度供给，不断释放市场活力。

3. Channeling more effort into reforms in major areas and in relation to key issues

To ensure that market vitality remains constant, we will promptly introduce a range of measures aimed at leading reform efforts and put more focus on the efficiency of institutional supply.

一是推动简政放权放管结合优化服务向纵深发展。继续取消和下放一批行政审批事项，增强放权的协同性。全面公布地方政府权力和责任清单，开展国务院部门权责清单编制试点，在部分地区试行市场准入负面清单制度。推进综合执法和大数据监管，运用市场、信用、法治等手段协同监管。加快推进社会信用体系建设，拓展全国信用信息共享平台覆盖范围和服务功能，强化守信联合激励和失信联合惩戒机制。全面实施统一社会信用代码制度，推进“三证合一”、“一照一码”，开展“证照分离”试点。加快实施公共资源交易市场化改革，整合建立统一的公共资源交易平台。改进政府服务方式，推广“互联网+政务服务”，实现部门间数据共享，加快推进行政审批标准化建设。推动不动产统一登记制度在基层落地实施。

1) We will intensify efforts to streamline administration, delegate more powers, improving regulation, and provide better services. We will continue to delegate the power of or cancel the requirement for government review on more items and ensure that the delegation of powers is better coordinated. We will make the lists of all local governments’ powers and responsibilities available to the public, carry out trials for compiling lists of powers and responsibilities of departments under the State Council, and begin trials to use a negative list for market access in certain regions. We will press ahead with coordinated law enforcement and oversight using big data, and coordinate oversight through market, credit, and legal measures. We will move faster to set up a credit rating system, expand the scope and services of the platform for sharing information on credit nationwide, and strengthen the mechanism to give joint incentives to those who act in good faith and to take joint punitive actions against those who act in bad faith. We will implement a national unified system of credit rating codes; press ahead with the reform to replace the separate business license, organization code certificate, and taxation registration certificate with a unified business license with a unified social credit code; and conduct trials to separate operating permits and business licenses. We will speed up the reform of making the trade of public resources more market-based, and establish a unified trading platform by integrating existing ones. We will improve the way in which the government provides public services, expand Internet Plus government services, promote better information sharing between government departments, and move faster to standardize government review and approval. We will ensure a unified registration system for immovable property is implemented at community level.

二是推进投融资体制改革。创新投资管理方式和投融资机制，进一步精简投资审批，减少、整合和规范报建审批事项，完善投资项目在线审批监管平台，建立新型企业投资项目并联核准制度。健全政银企社合作对接机制，推广特许经营等政府和社会资本合作（PPP）模式，推进社会资本参与重大工程建设运营。

2) We will deepen reform of the investment and financing systems. We will make innovations in investment management and create new mechanisms for investment and financing; further streamline investment approval procedures; reduce, combine, and regulate the items required for a construction project when applying for government approval; improve the online platform for reviewing, approving, and monitoring investment projects; and put in place a new system for carrying out the combined review and approval of investment projects for enterprises. We will improve the mechanism for facilitating cooperation between the government, banks, enterprises, and nongovernmental investors, and promote application of PPP models such as franchise operations to encourage nongovernmental capital’s participation in the development and operation of major government projects.

三是深化价格机制改革。推动放开电力、石油天然气、交通运输等领域竞争性环节价格。扩大输配电价改革试点范围，完善环保电价政策。完善成品油价格形成机制。推进医疗服务价格改革。稳步推进农业水价综合改革。建立健全市场价格行为规则，加强市场价格行为监管，规范价格收费秩序。

3) We will deepen reform of prices. We will work to lift pricing controls over competitive areas in the power, petroleum, natural gas, and transportation industries. We will extend to more areas the trial price reform for electricity transmission and distribution, and improve the policy for adjusting prices for electricity generated by environmentally friendly facilities. We will improve the pricing mechanism for refined oil products. We will steadily advance reform of medical service prices. Comprehensive reform of the pricing for water used in agriculture will be carried out. We will establish sound rules for market prices, strengthen price oversight, and safeguard order in relation to prices and fees.

四是打好国有企业改革攻坚战。加快改组组建国有资本投资、运营公司。推进国有企业混合所有制改革，在铁路、民航、电信、军工等重点领域，选择一批国有企业开展混合所有制改革试点示范。推进电力、石油天然气、盐业体制改革。出台进一步完善产权保护制度的意见。

4) We will meet head-on the most difficult problems related to SOE reform. We will step up efforts to reorganize or establish state capital investment companies and operating companies. We will reform SOEs by introducing a mixed ownership structure, and begin trials and demonstrations in key industries such as railway, civil aviation, telecommunications, and defense. We will carry out structural reform of the power, petroleum, natural gas, and salt industries. We will promulgate guidelines on further improving the property rights system.

五是加快财税体制改革。出台实施中央与地方事权和支出责任划分的指导意见。提高中央国有资本经营预算调入一般公共预算的比例。将建筑业、房地产业、金融业和生活服务业纳入营改增范围，实行不动产进项税抵扣，确保所有行业税负只减不增。全面实施资源税从价计征改革，推进消费税和环境保护税改革，逐步推进综合与分类相结合的个人所得税改革。

5) We will accelerate reform of the fiscal and tax systems. We will introduce guidelines on appropriately dividing powers and spending responsibilities between the central and local governments. We will increase the percentage of funds transferred from the central government budget for state capital operations to the general public budget. We will expand the reform to replace business tax with VAT to the construction, real estate, financial, and consumer service industries, and make the input VAT on enterprises’ new immovable property deductible, so as to ensure that the tax burden on all industries can be reduced rather than increased. We will implement reform to levy the price-based resource tax on all resource products, advance reform of the excise tax and the environmental protection tax, and steadily carry out reform of personal income tax that is based on adjusted gross income as well as specific types of income.

六是推进金融体制改革。丰富金融机构体系，深化国有商业银行和开发性、政策性金融机构改革，继续推进民营银行常态化发展。发展普惠金融，着力加强对中小微企业、农村特别是贫困地区金融服务。促进和规范新型金融业态健康发展。稳步推进人民币资本项目可兑换。推动多层次资本市场健康发展。完善金融监管制度。建立巨灾保险制度。

6) We will advance financial reform. We will diversify the system of financial institutions; deepen reform of state-owned commercial banks, developmental financial institutions, and policy-backed financial institutions; and continue to conventionalize the establishment of private banks. We will develop inclusive finance to increase financial services for micro, small, and medium-sized businesses as well as for rural areas, paying particular attention to poor areas. We will promote the sound, well-regulated development of new forms of business in the financial sector. We will take steady steps to realize RMB capital account convertibility. We will promote the sound development of a multi-level capital market and improve the system for financial oversight and regulation. A catastrophe insurance system will be established.

同时，继续深化民生领域和社会事业相关改革，推进教育、养老、文化、医药卫生体制改革，推动空域管理体制改革。

In addition, we will continue to deepen reform in areas related to people’s wellbeing and social programs, including reform of the education, elderly care, cultural, medical, and health care systems and reform of the airspace management system.

（四）实施创新驱动发展战略。贯彻创新发展理念，全面落实创新驱动发展战略纲要，深入开展大众创业、万众创新，深化科技体制改革，扩资源、拓空间、优环境，激发全社会特别是企业的创新创业创造活力和潜力。

4. Implementing the innovation-driven development strategy

In pursuing innovative development, we will fully implement the strategy for innovation-driven development, deepen efforts to promote entrepreneurship and innovation across society, and deepen reform of the science and technology management system. We will expand the resources, increase the space, and improve the environment for stimulating the enthusiasm and potential for innovation and entrepreneurship across all sectors of society, particularly enterprises.

一是增加创新资源供给。推进国家重大科技基础设施和国家实验室、产业创新中心建设，依托重大科技基础设施集聚区域建设综合性国家科学中心，实施一批新的重大科技项目和工程。系统推进全面创新改革试验，组织实施创新企业百强工程。

1) We will increase the supply of resources for innovation. We will promote the development of major national science and technology infrastructure and national laboratories and industrial innovation centers. Comprehensive national science centers will be established in areas with a concentration of major science and technology infrastructure, and a new group of major science and technology programs and projects will be launched. We will systematically conduct pilot reforms for all-round innovation, and organize the implementation of the project to develop 100 top innovative enterprises.

二是加快实施双创行动计划。推动建设若干双创示范基地，进一步打造众创众包众扶众筹支撑平台，大力发展创客空间和专业化众创空间。发展分享经济。鼓励地方和大企业设立创投基金、创业创新平台、科技创新中心等。重点扶持一批创业孵化、创业辅导、公共服务等平台。推进“互联网+”行动，实施大数据开放创新工程。建设高速、移动、安全、泛在的新一代信息基础设施，深入实施信息惠民工程，完善电信普遍服务机制。建设网上丝绸之路。继续办好双创活动周，再打造一批双创活动品牌。

2) We will accelerate the implementation of the action plan for entrepreneurship and innovation. We will help to establish more entrepreneurship and innovation demonstration centers; create more platforms to support crowd innovation, crowdsourcing, crowd support, and crowdfunding; and develop maker spaces, particularly spaces for specialized crowd innovation. We will develop the sharing economy. Local authorities and large corporations will be encouraged to establish venture capital, entrepreneurship and innovation platforms, and science and technology innovation centers. We will focus on supporting the development of platforms for business incubation, start-up assistance, and public services for start-ups and innovation. We will move forward with the Internet Plus action plan and the innovation project to promote open, big data. We will put in place high-speed, mobile, secure, and ubiquitous next-generation information infrastructure, intensify efforts to implement information technology development projects that benefit the general public, and improve the mechanisms for providing universal service in telecommunications. The Online Silk Road Agenda will be initiated. We will continue to make the National Week for Entrepreneurship and Innovation a success and support the development of more events that are geared toward promoting entrepreneurship and innovation.

三是大力发展战略性新兴产业。抓紧布局支撑战略性新兴产业发展的基础设施、公共资源库和全球创新网络，在高性能集成电路、新型显示、空间技术应用、通用航空、生物医药等战略性领域再布局一批重大项目和工程。设立国家战略性产业发展基金，开展融资风险补偿试点，推进战略性新兴产业区域集聚发展。

3) We will develop strategic emerging industries. We will promptly make overall arrangements for developing infrastructure, public resource repositories, and global innovation networks to underpin the development of strategic emerging industries. We will carry out additional major programs and projects in strategically important fields such as high-performance integrated circuits, new-type displays, space technology applications, general aviation, and biomedicine. A national development fund for strategic industries will be established, trials will be carried out to provide protection against financing risks, and we will promote the development of strategic emerging industry clusters.

四是增强制造业核心竞争力。深入实施“中国制造2025”。围绕重点领域关键环节努力突破核心技术并实现产业化。加快发展制造业智能化技术装备。推动轨道交通、新能源汽车、医药、石化、煤化工、食品等产业健康发展。开展质量品牌提升行动，加强质量基础建设。

4) We will improve the core competitiveness of the manufacturing sector. We will deepen efforts to implement the Made in China 2025 strategy. With a focus on major areas and key issues, we will strive to make breakthroughs in core technologies and ensure the industrial application of these technologies. We will accelerate development of smart manufacturing technology and equipment, and promote the sound development of rail transit, new energy vehicles, pharmaceuticals, petrochemical, coal chemicals, and food industries. We will carry out activities to improve quality and branding within the manufacturing sector, and strengthen the national quality infrastructure of China.

五是加快推动服务业优质高效发展。落实加快发展生产性服务业、生活性服务业的两个指导意见，进一步放宽服务业市场准入，营造公平竞争的环境，推动生产性服务业向专业化转变、向价值链高端延伸，推动生活性服务业加快向精细化和高品质提升。实施高技术服务业创新工程。启动新一轮国家服务业综合改革试点，及时推广可复制的经验和做法。

5) We will accelerate the high-quality, efficient development of the service sector. In accordance with the two guidelines in relation to accelerating the development of producer services and consumer services, we will further relax controls for market access in the service sector, level the playing field, and ensure that producer service industries become more specialized and move toward the higher end of the value chain while consumer service industries produce more refined and higher-quality products. Innovation will be promoted in high-tech service industries. Another group of national trials for comprehensive reform in the service sector will be carried out, from which transferable experiences and applicable practices will be promptly spread to other areas.

六是完善鼓励创新发展的政策和环境。落实研发费用加计扣除，完善高新技术企业、科技企业孵化器等税收优惠政策，建立新材料、关键零部件首批次应用保险费补偿机制。推进高校、科研院所改革，制定科研人员兼职或离岗创业、职务发明等相关规定，形成鼓励创业创新的收入分配机制。

6) We will improve the policies and environment for encouraging innovative development. We will grant extra tax deductions for research and development costs, improve preferential tax policies for new- and high-tech companies and science and technology business incubators, and implement a mechanism to subsidize the initial costs of insuring new materials and key parts and components. Reform of colleges and research institutes will continue to move ahead, regulations will be formulated to make it possible for researchers to take on part-time work, create their own start-ups or pursue on-the-job inventions, and an income distribution mechanism to encourage entrepreneurship and innovation will be formed.

（五）进一步夯实农业基础。确保农业农村投入力度不减弱、总量有增加，支持重大建设任务不打折扣。2016年粮食总产量稳定在5.5亿吨以上。

5. Improving the foundation of agriculture

Our support for major development tasks will not be perfunctory; we will ensure that the investment momentum in agriculture and rural areas does not diminish, and that total investment continues to increase. In 2016, total grain output will stand at over 550 million metric tons.

一是确保国家粮食安全。全面落实粮食安全省长责任制，完善中央和地方共同负责的粮食安全保障机制。探索划定粮食生产功能区和重要农产品生产保护区，保口粮、保耕地、保产能，保主产区特别是核心产区的粮食生产。全面完成永久基本农田划定并实行特殊保护，加强高标准农田、重要农产品生产基地、国家级育制种基地和区域性良种繁育基地、粮食仓储物流等建设。实施耕地质量保护提升行动。推进农作物良种补贴、粮食直补、农资综合补贴“三补合一”，健全以产粮大县、生猪调出大县等为核心的主产区利益补偿机制。改革完善粮食等重要农产品价格形成机制和收储制度。发展粮食产业经济。扩大农业政策性保险覆盖面，提高农业风险保障水平。

1) We will guarantee food security in China. We will hold provincial governors responsible for food security across the board and improve the mechanism under which the central and local authorities work together to ensure food security. In order to ensure that grain production, cultivated land acreage, and production capacity all remain stable, we will make explorations into establishing functional zones for grain production and protective areas for the production of major agricultural products. We will guarantee grain production in major grain-producing areas, especially in the core areas for grain production. We will complete our work on designating and providing protection for permanent basic cropland nationwide, and will strengthen the development of high-quality farmland, major agricultural product-producing centers, national seed cultivation and production centers and regional centers for cultivating superior crop varieties, and grain storage and logistics. Actions will be taken to protect and improve the quality of cultivated land. The subsidy for purchasing superior crop varieties, the direct subsidy for grain growers, and general subsidies for purchasing agricultural supplies will all be integrated into a single agricultural subsidy. Improvements will be made to the mechanism for subsidizing major grain- and hog-producing counties as well as other major agricultural production areas. We will improve the price-setting mechanism for grain and other important agricultural products as well as the system for their purchase and storage. We will develop the grain industry, and expand the coverage of policy-based agricultural insurance to ensure better protection against agricultural risks.

二是推进农村一二三产业融合发展。推动粮经饲统筹、农林牧渔结合、种养加一体，培育发展农村新型业态，拓展农业多种功能。实施“百县千乡万村”试点示范工程，完善农业产业链利益联结机制，让农民更多分享农村产业融合增值收益。实施农产品品牌提升行动，推进农业全产业链标准化、品牌化建设，严格生产管理、产品认证和证后监管。加强农产品、农资现代流通体系建设，健全农产品冷链物流网络，推动农产品线上营销与线下流通融合发展。深化农村集体产权、农垦、集体林权、国有林场、农田水利、供销社等改革。

2) We will promote the integrated development of the primary, secondary, and tertiary industries in rural areas. We will coordinate the production of food, cash, and feed crops and the development of the farming, forestry, livestock, and fishing industries, and promote integrated planting, breeding, and processing operations; at the same time, we will nurture new types of agribusiness and fully engage the multiple functions of agriculture. Pilot demonstration projects for rural industrial integration will be carried out in about 100 counties, 1,000 townships and 100,000 villages. We will improve the mechanism for integrating farmers’ interests into agricultural industry chains so that farmers can receive more benefits as rural industrial integration produces more value. The branding of agricultural products will be improved by making the agricultural industry chain more procedure-based and brand-development focused and by tightening production management, product certification, and post-certification supervision. We will improve the modern distribution system for agricultural products and supplies as well as cold-chain logistics networks for agricultural products. We will ensure the online marketing and offline distribution of agricultural products are integrated. We will deepen reform of the rural collective property rights system as well as reform of state farms on reclaimed land, collective forest tenure, state forestry farms, farmland irrigation and water conservancy, and rural supply and marketing cooperatives.

三是推动农业可持续发展。以玉米为重点加快调整种养结构。编制实施耕地草原河湖休养生息规划。扩大农业面源污染综合治理、东北黑土地保护利用试点范围，启动地表水过度开发治理试点，加快耕地重金属污染、地下水超采治理。创建农业可持续发展试验示范区。

3) We will promote the sustainable development of agriculture. We will see to it that farmers move more quickly to adjust what and how much they grow or breed, particularly in relation to corn. We will formulate and implement a plan to let cropland and grassland lie fallow and to impose a moratorium on fishing in certain rivers and lakes. We will extend to more areas the trials for comprehensively dealing with pollution from non-point agricultural sources and for utilizing and conserving chernozem soil in the northeast. We will also launch trials to address the overdevelopment of surface water and step up efforts to deal with the heavy-metal pollution of cultivated land and the over-extraction of groundwater. We will establish pilot demonstration zones for sustainable agricultural development.

四是提高新农村建设水平。创新农村基础设施投融资体制机制。继续完善农村供电、供水、交通、通信设施和水利气象综合防灾减灾体系，启动实施农村饮水安全巩固提升工程，开展农村人居环境整治和农业废弃物资源化利用、无害化处置。把社会事业发展的重点放在农村和接纳农业转移人口较多的城镇，推动新型城镇化与新农村建设协调发展。

4) We will make further progress in building a new socialist countryside. We will make innovations in the investment and financing systems and mechanisms for rural infrastructure. We will continue to improve the power supply, water supply, transportation, and communications facilities in rural areas and the comprehensive water conservancy and meteorological systems for preventing and mitigating disasters. We will launch a project to consolidate and build on the achievements made in ensuring safe drinking water in rural areas, and we will improve the living environment for rural residents and promote the recycling and safe disposal of agricultural waste. We will prioritize the development of social programs in rural areas and in cities and towns where a relatively large number of people from rural areas take up employment and become urban residents. We will promote the coordinated development of the New Urbanization and the building of a new countryside.