第71届联合国大会中方立场文件（中英对照）

八、军控、裁军与防扩散　　

VIII. Arms Control, Disarmament and Non-Proliferation

（一）核问题　　

1. Nuclear Issues

中方一贯主张并积极倡导全面禁止和彻底销毁核武器。中国坚定奉行自卫防御的核战略，始终恪守在任何时候、任何情况下不首先使用核武器，无条件不对无核武器国家和无核武器区使用或威胁使用核武器的承诺。　　

China has consistently and actively advocated the complete prohibition and thorough destruction of nuclear weapons. China is firmly committed to a nuclear strategy based on self-defense and has upheld its commitment that it would not be the first to use nuclear weapons at any time and under any circumstances and that it would unconditionally refrain from using or threatening to use nuclear weapons against non-nuclear-weapon states or nuclear-weapon-free zones.

中方主张以实现普遍安全为根本目标，维护日内瓦裁军谈判会议等现有多边机制的权威性和有效性，坚持平衡推进和协商一致的原则，并确保各国的平等、广泛参与。　　

China advocates universal security as the ultimate goal, upholds the authority and effectiveness of the existing multilateral mechanisms including the Geneva Conference on Disarmament (CD), and follows the principle of balanced progress and consensus so as to ensure equal and broad participation of the international community.

《不扩散核武器条约》是战后国际安全体系的重要组成部分，也是国际核不扩散机制的基石，对维护世界和平、安全与稳定做出了重要贡献。中方希望各方共同维护和加强条约的普遍性、权威性和有效性，平衡推进核裁军、核不扩散与和平利用核能，从而进一步将核领域全球治理推向深入。中方呼吁尚未成为条约缔约国的国家迅速和无条件地作为无核武器国家加入，并承诺彻底消除其所有核武器。　　

The Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) is part and parcel of the post-war international security system, and the cornerstone of the international nuclear non-proliferation regime. It has made significant contribution to world peace, security and stability. China hopes that the parties concerned will make joint efforts to uphold and strengthen the universality, authority and effectiveness of the NPT, and take a balanced approach to promoting nuclear disarmament, nuclear non-proliferation and peaceful use of nuclear energy, so as to further deepen global nuclear governance. China calls on countries that are not yet signatories to the treaty to swiftly and unconditionally join the treaty as a non-nuclear-weapon state and pledge to eliminate all their nuclear weapons.

今年是《全面禁止核试验条约》达成并开放签署20周年。中国是最早签署条约的国家之一，始终坚定维护条约的宗旨和目标，恪守暂停核试验的承诺，并支持历届联大有关决议。中方深入参与条约组织筹委会各项工作，并稳步推进国内履约筹备进程。中方愿与国际社会一道努力，致力于推动条约早日生效。　　

This year marks the 20th anniversary of the adoption and opening for signature of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT). As one of the first countries to sign the CTBT, China has always firmly safeguarded the purposes and goals of the CTBT, honored its commitment of suspending nuclear tests and supported relevant resolutions of successive sessions of the UN General Assembly. China has been deeply involved in the work of the Preparatory Commission of the Treaty Organization, and earnestly carried out preparatory work for the implementation of the treaty in China. China is ready to work with the international community to bring about an early entry into force of the CTBT.

中方坚定主张，裁谈会是谈判“禁产条约”的唯一适当场所。中方支持裁谈会达成一项全面、平衡的工作计划，以便据此开展实质性工作，包括根据“香农报告”（CD/1299）及其所载授权，谈判一项非歧视的、多边的、可国际有效核查的“禁产条约”。　　

China firmly supports the CD as the only appropriate venue for negotiating the Fissile Material Cut-Off Treaty (FMCT). China supports the CD in reaching agreement on a comprehensive and balanced program of work as a basis to start considering substantive issues, including the negotiation of a non-discriminatory, multilateral and internationally and effectively verifiable FMCT in accordance with the Shannon Report (CD/1299) and the mandate specified in it.

中方一贯尊重和支持有关地区国家根据本地区实际情况，在自行协商、自愿协议的基础上建立无核武器区或无大规模杀伤性武器区的努力。　　

China always respects and supports the efforts by countries in relevant regions to establish nuclear-weapon-free or WMD-free zones in light of the actual conditions of their regions and on the basis of consultations among themselves and voluntary agreements.

中方重视核安全问题，积极参与了全部四届核安全峰会，并支持国际原子能机构在国际核安全体系中发挥核心作用。在2014年第三届核安全峰会上，中国国家主席习近平首次提出理性、协调、并进的核安全观，倡导构建公平、合作、共赢的国际核安全体系。在今年第四届核安全峰会上，习近平主席就加强国际核安全体系、促进国际核安全合作提出系列主张和倡议。中方将以此为指引，与国际社会一道，为加强全球核安全做出贡献。　　

China attaches high importance to the nuclear security issue. It has participated actively in all four Nuclear Security Summits and supported the central role of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in the international nuclear security system. At the third Nuclear Security Summit held in 2014, Chinese President Xi Jinping proposed a sensible, coordinated and balanced approach to nuclear security and advocated the building of an international nuclear security system featuring fairness and win-win cooperation for the first time. At the fourth Nuclear Security Summit held this year, President Xi put forth a number of propositions and initiatives on strengthening the international nuclear security system and promoting international cooperation on nuclear security. Guided by these proposals and initiatives, China will work with the international community to make contributions to the enhancement of global nuclear security.

核能利用必须以安全为前提。中方支持国际社会采取切实措施加强核能安全，积极推进相关国际合作，以促进核能的健康、可持续发展。　　

Safety should come first in the use of nuclear energy. China supports the international community in taking concrete measures to reinforce nuclear safety and actively advancing relevant international cooperation to promote sound and sustainable development of nuclear energy.

（二）生化武器问题　　

2. Chemical and Biological Weapons

中方支持不断加强《禁止化学武器公约》和《禁止生物武器公约》的有效性、权威性和普遍性。中方对有关化武拥有国和遗弃国未能按《禁止化学武器公约》规定的时限完成化武销毁表示遗憾，敦促有关国家根据缔约国大会和执理会有关决议要求，加大投入，在有关决定和销毁计划确定的时限内尽早完成销毁；禁化武组织应对包括遗弃化武在内的销毁进程进行有效监督。中方坚定支持公约框架内的叙利亚化武销毁工作，并为此作出重要贡献。中方愿与《禁止生物武器公约》缔约国一道，共同推动公约第八次审议大会取得积极成果，继续推动公约在消除生物武器威胁、防止生物武器扩散、促进生物科技和平利用等方面发挥重要作用。　　

China supports continued efforts to strengthen the effectiveness, authority and universality of the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) and the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC). China finds it regrettable that relevant states that possess chemical weapons and those that abandoned such weapons on the territories of other State Parties failed to complete the destruction process before the scheduled deadline of the CWC. China urges such countries to comply with the relevant decisions of the Conference of the State Parties and the Executive Council and redouble efforts to complete the destruction according to the timetables set in the relevant decisions and destruction plans. The Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons should effectively supervise all destruction processes, including those of abandoned chemical weapons. China firmly supports the destruction of Syrian chemical weapons under the auspices of the CWC and has made important contribution to this end. China is ready to work with other State Parties to the BWC to jointly push for positive outcomes at the Eighth Review Conference of the Biological Weapons Convention and continue to uphold the important role of the BWC in such areas as removing the threat and preventing the proliferation of biological weapons and promoting the peaceful use of bacteriological (biological) science and technology.

（三）防扩散问题　　

3. Non-Proliferation

中方坚决反对大规模杀伤性武器及其运载工具的扩散。为实现防扩散目标，各国应致力于营造互信、合作的国际和地区安全环境，消除大规模杀伤性武器扩散的动因；坚持通过政治外交手段解决防扩散问题；切实维护和加强国际防扩散机制；平衡处理防扩散与和平利用的关系，摒弃双重标准。中方愿同有关各方加强交流合作，共同推动国际防扩散进程。　　

China is firmly opposed to the proliferation of WMDs and their means of delivery. To achieve the goal of non-proliferation, all countries should work for a global and regional security environment of mutual trust and cooperation to reduce the incentive for WMD proliferation; resolve proliferation issues through political and diplomatic means; earnestly uphold and strengthen the international non-proliferation regime; and handle the relationship between non-proliferation and peaceful use in a balanced way and abandon double standards. China will step up exchanges and cooperation with all parties to move forward the international non-proliferation process.

（四）外空安全问题　　

4. Security in Outer Space

中方一贯主张和平利用外空，反对外空武器化和外空军备竞赛，认为国际社会应谈判制定新的国际条约，从根本上消除外空安全威胁。为此，中国、俄罗斯于2008年2月共同向裁谈会提交“防止在外空放置武器，对外空物体使用或威胁使用武力条约”草案。2014年6月，中俄根据各方提出的意见与建议对该条约进行了更新，并于2015年9月提交工作文件，就一些国家提出的问题作出反馈。裁谈会应该尽早以中俄草案为基础谈判达成外空军控条约。中方主张坚持“兼收并蓄，相辅相成”的原则，推进防止外空军备竞赛和外空透明与建立信任措施进程。　　

China stands for the peaceful use of outer space and opposes the weaponization or any arms race in outer space. China believes that the international community should negotiate a new international treaty to fundamentally remove security threats to outer space. For this purpose, China and Russia submitted the Treaty on the Prevention of the Placement of Weapons in Outer Space, the Threat or Use of Force Against Outer Space Objects (Draft) to the CD in February 2008. China and Russia updated the Draft in June 2014 based on the opinions and suggestions from various parties, and submitted a working paper in September 2015 in response to questions raised by some countries. Based on the draft proposed by China and Russia, the CD should start negotiations on a treaty on arms control in outer space as early as possible. China stands for the principle of inclusiveness and complementarity in promoting the prevention of arms race and the Transparency and Confidence-Building Measures process in outer space.