国家人权行动计划（2016—2020年）（中英对照）

一、经济、社会和文化权利

I. Economic, Social and Cultural Rights

推进精准扶贫脱贫，健全公共服务体系，稳步提高基本公共服务均等化水平，保障公民的经济、社会和文化权利。

The Chinese government is determined to press forward with precision poverty-reduction and poverty-eradication campaigns, improve the public service system, steadily enhance the level of equal access to basic public services, and protect citizens’ economic, social and cultural rights.

（一）工作权利

(1) Right to work

实施更加积极的就业政策，推行劳动者终身职业技能培训制度，进一步完善工资福利制度和安全生产长效机制，加强职业病防治。

More proactive employment policies shall be implemented, a system of lifelong vocational skills training shall be promoted for workers, and a wage and benefits system shall be further improved, so shall a long-term safety production mechanism. Prevention and treatment of occupational diseases shall be reinforced.

——实现比较充分和高质量就业。实施高校毕业生就业促进和创业引领计划。促进农村富余劳动力转移就业和外出务工人员返乡创业。对就业困难人员实行实名制动态管理和分类帮扶，做好“零就业”家庭帮扶工作。支持贫困地区建设县乡基层劳动就业和社会保障服务平台。实现城镇新增就业5000万人以上。

– Ensuring a fuller rate of employment and quality employment. Programs of employment promotion and entrepreneurship shall be introduced for college graduates, and surplus rural labor shall be encouraged to seek employment in other areas, and migrant workers shall get help in starting businesses back in their home villages. People with difficulties in finding jobs shall be registered so that the government can keep track of their employment situation and give them help according to defined categories, with particular attention being paid to families with no one holding a job. Counties and townships in poverty-stricken areas shall be given support in building employment and social security services platforms. It is planned for a minimum of 50 million new jobs to be created in urban areas.

——推行劳动者终身职业技能培训制度。开展贫困家庭子女、未升学初高中毕业生、农民工、失业人员和转岗职工、退役军人和残疾人免费接受职业培训行动。到2020年，累计培训农民工4000万人次，基本消除劳动者无技能从业现象。

– Pursuing a lifelong vocational skills training system for workers. Free vocational training shall be offered to young people from needy families, people with junior or senior middle-school education, migrant workers, people having lost their jobs, workers with reassigned jobs, ex-service people and people with disabilities. By 2020, it is expected that 40 million migrant workers shall have received such training, and the goal is to equip every worker with relevant occupational skills.

——进一步完善工资福利制度。健全工资水平决定机制、正常增长机制和支付保障机制，健全最低工资标准调整机制。继续推行企业工资集体协商制度。健全高技能人才薪酬体系，提高技术工人待遇，落实带薪年休假制度。

– Further improving the wage and benefits system. Efforts will be made to improve the wage-setting mechanism, the normal wage increase mechanism and payment guarantee mechanism, and the minimum wage adjustment mechanism. The collective wage negotiation mechanism shall be continuously implemented for enterprises; a salary system shall be improved for highly skilled professionals, the salaries of skilled workers be increased, and the paid vacation system be implemented.

——完善劳动保障监察执法体制和劳动人事争议处理机制。严禁各种形式的就业歧视，全面治理拖欠农民工工资问题，规范企业裁员行为，保障非正规就业劳动者权益，严格规范企业实行特殊工时制度的适用管理，依法加强对劳务派遣的监管。

– Improving the labor security supervision and law enforcement system and labor dispute settlement mechanism. Employment discrimination of any form shall be strictly prohibited. Measures will be taken to address arrears of wage payment for migrant workers, regulate layoffs by businesses, guarantee the rights and interests of workers informally employed, strictly regularize the application by enterprises of the special working-hour system, and strengthen supervision over labor dispatch pursuant to the law.

——加强安全生产防控。到2020年，各类生产安全事故死亡人数累计降幅10%，亿元国内生产总值生产安全事故死亡率累计降幅30%。

– Strengthening safety in production. By 2020, the death toll caused by industrial accidents of various types shall fall by 10 percent cumulatively, and the death rate from industrial accidents per RMB100 million of GDP shall drop by 30 percent.

——加强职业病防治。职业病危害严重的行业领域劳动者在岗期间的职业健康检查率达90%以上，用人单位主要负责人和职业卫生管理人员的职业卫生培训率分别达95%以上。

– Strengthening the prevention and treatment of occupational diseases. In industries with high risks of occupational diseases, 90 percent and above of relevant workers shall receive special health checkups, and 95 percent and above of persons in charge of businesses and occupational health managerial staff shall receive the required training.

（二）基本生活水准权利

(2) Right to basic living standards

全力实施脱贫攻坚，保障居民基本住房、用水、食品安全和出行便利。

Full efforts shall be made to reduce poverty, and ensure basic housing, clean water, food security, and convenient transportation.

——确保城乡居民收入增长与经济增长同步。到2020年国内生产总值和城乡居民人均收入比2010年翻一番。努力增加低收入劳动者收入，扩大中等收入者比重。

– Ensuring the increase of rural and urban residents’ income in step with economic growth. By 2020, China’s GDP and the per-capita income of urban and rural residents shall both double that of 2010. Efforts shall be made to increase the income of low-income earners, and enlarge the ranks of middle-income earners.

——贯彻落实《中共中央国务院关于打赢脱贫攻坚战的决定》，实施精准扶贫精准脱贫方略。到2020年，实现特色产业脱贫3000万人，转移就业脱贫1000万人，实施易地扶贫搬迁1000万人，对其余完全或部分丧失劳动能力的贫困人口实行社保政策兜底脱贫2000万人。实现现行标准下的农村贫困人口全部脱贫，贫困县全部摘帽。

– Implementing the Decision of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on Eradicating Poverty in China, and implementing the strategy of precision poverty-reduction and poverty-eradication. By 2020, some 30 million people shall be lifted out of poverty by way of developing specialty industries, 10 million by way of transfer employment, 10 million by relocation to other areas, and the remaining 20 million, who have partially or completely lost the ability to work, shall be covered by social security. In this way the whole of the impoverished rural population according to the current standards shall be lifted out of poverty and no county will be called a “poverty county” by then.

——保障住房安全。改造各类城镇棚户区住房2000万套，加强对贫困地区的支持，推动居住证持有人享有与当地户籍人口同等的住房保障权利。推进农村危房改造，统筹开展农房抗震改造，基本完成存量危房改造任务。

– Ensuring housing security. A total of 20 million units of housing in rundown urban areas shall be rebuilt, support strengthened to poor areas, and holders of residence permits ensured equal basic housing rights with locally registered residents. Efforts shall be made to press forward with renovation of dilapidated housing in rural areas, carry out anti-earthquake reinforcement projects for rural housing, and basically complete the renovation of registered dilapidated housing.

——保障用水安全。全国新增供水能力270亿立方米，城镇供水水源地水质全面达标。实施农村饮水安全巩固提升工程，农村自来水普及率达80%以上，农村集中供水率达85%以上。

– Ensuring access to safe water. A total of 27 billion cu m of water supply capacity will be added nationwide on the current basis, and all urban water-supply sources shall meet the required standards. Efforts shall be made to improve drinking water security in rural areas, where 80 percent of the population shall have access to tap water, and 85 percent to centralized water supply.

——确保食品安全。深入贯彻实施食品安全法，全面落实食品安全属地监管责任。加强进口食品安全监管。实施科学监管，建立职业化检查员队伍。健全食品安全信用体系，完善消费者权益保护机制。

– Ensuring food safety. The Food Safety Law shall be strictly enforced, and supervisory organs shall be held responsible for food safety in areas under their respective jurisdiction. Food safety supervision shall be strengthened on imported foodstuffs, and through the building of a professional team of food-safety inspectors, the supervision shall be made more effective. The system of food-safety credit shall be improved, so shall the mechanisms of protection of consumers’ rights and interests.

——改善城乡居民出行条件。国家高速公路主线基本贯通。具备条件的县城通二级及以上公路，乡镇和建制村通硬化路、通客车。

– Improving the transportation network. A network of national trunk expressways shall be basically put in place. Where conditions permit, county seats shall have access to highways of Grade II and above, and townships and administrative villages have tarmac or cement roads and complete access to bus services. 

（三）社会保障权利

(3) Right to social security

完善社会保险体系，推进城乡社会救助体系建设，支持社会福利和慈善事业发展。

The social insurance system shall be improved, establishment of a social relief system covering urban and rural areas shall be promoted, and support shall be given to the development of social welfare and charity undertakings.

——实施全民参保计划，稳步提高社会保障统筹层次和水平。建立更加便捷的社会保险转移接续机制。实施社会保障卡工程，持卡人口覆盖率达到90%。

– Implementing full coverage of social insurance, and steadily raising the level of social security pooling. A more convenient social insurance transfer and renewal mechanism shall be established, and the system of social security card shall be implemented to ensure that 90 percent of the population enjoys social security coverage.

——完善统账结合的城镇职工基本养老保险制度，实现职工基础养老金全国统筹，推出税收递延型养老保险。到2020年，符合参保条件的城乡居民参保率达到95%。

– Improving the basic old-age insurance system that combines social pooling and personal accounts for urban workers and endeavoring to materialize nationwide pooling for basic old-age pensions for urban workers, and introducing tax-deferred retirement insurance. By 2020, some 95 percent of eligible urban and rural residents shall be covered by the basic old-age insurance.

——健全医疗保险制度。城乡医保参保率稳定在95%以上。全面实施城乡居民大病保险制度。健全医疗保险稳定可持续筹资和报销比例调整机制。加快推进基本医保全国联网和异地就医结算，实现符合转诊规定的异地就医住院费用直接结算。将生育保险和基本医疗保险合并实施。

– Improving the medical insurance system. The coverage of medical insurance in urban and rural areas shall be stabilized at above 95 percent. A critical illness insurance system shall be continuously carried out for urban and rural residents, and mechanisms for steady and sustainable financing of the medical insurance and for adjusting medical care reimbursement rates shall be improved. Steps shall be quickened to promote the establishment of a nationwide network for basic medical insurance and trans-regional settlement of medical insurance accounts, so in-patient and out-patient medical expenses can be settled in the place of treatment if the patients meet the requirements for referral, despite having local coverage. The state shall integrate maternity insurance with basic medical insurance.

——继续扩大失业保险覆盖面，确保为符合条件的失业人员按时足额发放失业保险金并提供相关的再就业服务。

– Further expanding the coverage of unemployment insurance, and ensuring that eligible unemployed persons receive unemployment insurance benefits in full and in a timely manner, and that they have access to relevant re-employment services.

——全面实施工伤保险省级统筹，强化工伤保险待遇支付保障，制定工伤预防费使用管理办法，完善工伤康复服务体系。到2020年，基本实现工伤保险法定人群全覆盖。

– Implementing provincial-level unified pooling of funds for work-related injury insurance, guaranteeing that the insured receive compensation when applicable, formulating regulations on the use and management of funds for prevention of work-related injury, and improving the system of rehabilitation services for work-related injuries. By 2020, work-related injury insurance shall be extended to cover all eligible workers as prescribed by the law.

——统筹推进城乡社会救助体系建设。将所有符合低保条件的贫困家庭纳入低保范围。进一步健全特困人员救助供养制度，提升特困人员救助供养水平。全面实施临时救助制度，全面推开“救急难”工作。加强基层未成年人保护服务设施和流浪乞讨救助管理机构建设。

– Pressing forward in coordinated manner the building of an urban-rural social relief system. All eligible families shall be brought into the coverage of the subsistence allowance system. The relief and support system for people living in dire poverty shall be further improved and the level of relief and support shall be raised. The system of temporary rescue shall be comprehensively implemented to provide timely help to those in urgent needs. Building of service facilities for the protection of minors shall be strengthened, so shall organs for the relief and management of vagrants and beggars, both at the grassroots.

——健全自然灾害救助体系，调整完善自然灾害生活救助政策，实施全国自然灾害救助物资储备体系建设等重大项目。

– Improving the natural disaster relief system, and adjusting and improving the relief policies in the wake of natural disasters. A national natural-disaster relief supplies reserve system shall be launched.

——健全以扶老、助残、爱幼、济困为重点的社会福利制度，加强福利设施建设。

– Improving the social welfare system with focus on supporting the elderly, disabled, children, and needy, and strengthening the building of welfare facilities.

——实施慈善法，支持慈善事业发展。

– Enacting the Charity Law, and supporting the development of charities.

——落实国务院户籍制度改革方案，取消农业户口与非农业户口性质区分，建立城乡统一的户籍登记制度。全面实施居住证暂行条例，推进居住证制度覆盖全部未落户城镇常住人口。促进公民平等发展、共享成果，享受均等化的社会保障。

– Implementing the State Council’s reform program of the household registration system, and establishing a unified urban-rural household registration system featuring the removal of difference between agricultural and non-agricultural household registration. The Interim Regulations on Residence Permits shall be implemented, and the system of residence permit shall be extended to cover all permanent urban residents that have not yet had their household registration. Equal development shall be promoted for citizens, making them share the benefits of development equally and have equal access to social security.