国家人权行动计划（2016—2020年）（中英对照）

（四）财产权利

(4) Right to property

健全归属清晰、权责明确、保护严格、流转顺畅的现代产权制度，推进产权保护法治化。

Establishing and improving a modern property-right system featuring clear ownership, clearly defined rights and obligations, rigorous protection, and easy transfer, and pressing forward with protection of people’s property rights in accordance with the law.

——有序推进民法典编纂工作，完善财产保障制度。

– Forging ahead with the compilation of the Civil Law Code in an orderly manner and improving the system of property protection.

——推动土地管理法修改及其配套法规立法工作。对农村集体所有土地征收、集体经营性建设用地入市、宅基地管理、不动产权属调处等制度进行积极探索，适时开展立法研究工作。

– Pressing forward with the amendment of the Land Administration Law and enactment of supporting laws and regulations. Proactive exploration shall be conducted on such systems as expropriation of rural collectively owned land, marketization of collectively owned rural profit-oriented construction land, management of homestead land, and the adjustment and handling of real estate ownership, and studies on legislation be started at the right time.

——完成农村承包经营地、宅基地、农房、集体建设用地确权登记颁证。继续落实征地制度改革工作。稳定农村土地承包关系，完善土地所有权、承包权、经营权分置办法，依法推进土地经营权有序流转。完善集体经济组织成员认定办法和集体经济资产所有权实现形式，将经营性资产折股量化到本集体经济组织成员。

– Completing the confirmation and registration of rural land contracted for productive use, homesteads, housing and collectively owned construction land. Reform of the land expropriation system shall be implemented continuously, the land-contracting relationship shall be made stable in the rural areas, measures for separating the rights of land ownership, contracting and management shall be improved, and orderly transfer of land-management right shall be introduced pursuant to the law. Methods for confirming membership of collective economic organizations shall be improved, and so shall the forms of expression of collective economic assets ownership. The productive assets of collective economic organizations shall be converted into shares for distribution among their members.

——依法合规界定企业财产权归属，保障企业的自主经营权。

– Defining the property right of enterprises in accordance with laws and regulations, and ensuring enterprises’ right of operation.

——全面落实不动产统一登记制度。

– Implementing unified system of registration for immovables.

——加快构建自然资源资产产权制度，确定产权主体，创新产权实现形式。保护自然资源资产所有者权益，公平分享自然资源资产收益。深化矿业权制度改革。建立健全生态环境性权益交易制度和平台。

– Taking steps to quicken the enactment of a natural resource assets ownership system, deciding the owners of such assets, and innovating the forms of realizing the ownership. The rights and interests of the owners of natural-resource assets shall be protected, and proceeds from such assets shall be shared fairly. Further reform shall be carried out of the mining right system, and a system and platform shall be established for trading of ecological and environmental rights and interests.

——实施严格的知识产权保护制度。完善有利于激励创新的知识产权归属制度，建设知识产权运营交易和服务平台。

– Implementing a rigorous intellectual property right (IPR) protection system. The IPR ownership system shall be improved to encourage innovation, and an IPR trading and services platform shall be built. 

（五）健康权利

(5) Right to health

建立健全覆盖城乡居民的基本医疗卫生制度，到2020年，实现人均预期寿命增加1岁。

A basic medical and health system covering the entire nation shall be established and improved, and it is expected that the average life expectancy shall increase by one year by 2020.

——促进基本公共卫生服务均等化。完善国家基本公共卫生服务项目和重大公共卫生服务项目，提高服务质量效率和均等化水平，适时调整基本公共卫生服务项目经费标准，项目经费继续向基层倾斜。鼓励社会力量兴办健康服务业，推进非营利性民营医院和公立医院同等待遇。

– Promoting equal access to basic public health services. Improvements shall be endeavored of the basic public health service programs and key public health service programs, the quality and efficiency of health services shall be improved and equal access to them ensured, and adjustments made to the funds for basic public health service programs at the right time while continuing to give preference to primary-level health services when it comes to the allocation of funding. Private capital shall be encouraged to go to health services, and equal treatment be offered to non-profit private hospitals as well as public hospitals.

——提升基层医疗卫生服务能力。以中西部地区为重点，每县重点办好1－2所县级公立医院（含县中医院），基层医疗卫生机构标准化建设达标率达95%以上。打造30分钟基层医疗服务圈。加强并规范化培养住院医师，每万人口全科医生数达到2名，每千人口执业（助理）医师数达到2.5名。

– Enhancing the capacity of primary-level medical and health services. Focusing on the central and western regions, each county shall be helped to run well at least one to two public hospitals (including hospitals of Traditional Chinese Medicine), and 95 percent of primary-level medical and health institutions shall be expected to reach the required standards. Endeavors shall be made to develop a primary-level medical care sphere that ensures all patients receive help within 30 minutes. A contingent of resident doctors shall be developed and offered standardized training. Two general practitioners shall be ensured for every 10,000 persons and 2.5 practitioners/assistants for every 1,000 persons.

——加强重大疾病防控。加快推进国家和省级慢性病综合防控示范区建设，重大慢性病过早死亡率降低10%。肺结核发病率降至58/10万。降低全人群乙肝病毒感染率，控制艾滋病疫情在低流行水平，基本消除血吸虫病危害，消除疟疾、麻风病危害。加强严重精神障碍诊断报告、随访管理服务，严重精神障碍患者管理率达到85%。做好重点地方病防控工作，强化突发公共事件卫生应急和突发急性传染病防治能力建设。加强口岸卫生检疫能力建设，严防外来重大传染病传入。增加艾滋病防治等特殊药物免费供给。全面开展重特大疾病医疗救助。

– Strengthening prevention and control of major illnesses. Intensified efforts shall be made to accelerate the building of national- and provincial-level demonstration areas for chronic disease prevention and control, and the rate of premature deaths from major chronic diseases shall be reduced by 10 percent. The incidence of TB shall be reduced to 58/100,000; the infection rates of HBV in all groups be reduced; AIDS be controlled at a low-epidemic level; schistosomiasis be basically eliminated; and malaria and leprosy be eliminated. China shall improve the diagnosis, reporting and follow-up service of serious mental disorders, and register 85 percent of persons with serious mental disorders for health management. Primary attention shall be given to the prevention and control of endemic diseases, improving the capabilities of public health emergency response and the prevention and treatment of acute infectious disease epidemics. Health quarantine capacity of land border crossings and sea ports shall be strengthened to prevent the spread of major infectious diseases from outside China. The supply of medicines for the prevention and control of AIDS and some other diseases shall be increased free of charge, and medical relief shall be provided for all those suffering from severe or major illnesses.

——保障用药安全。完善基本药物制度，健全药品供应保障机制。健全药品检查、检验检测体系，加强药品不良反应监测。

– Ensuring medication safety. The system of basic medicines shall be improved, so shall the mechanism of medicine supply and system of drug inspection and testing, as well as the monitoring of adverse effects of drugs.

——落实《全民健身计划（2016—2020年）》。推动城市社区15分钟健身圈建设，实现基本公共体育服务乡镇常住人口全覆盖和行政村农民体育健身工程全覆盖。到2020年，每周参加1次及以上体育锻炼的人数达到7亿，经常参加体育锻炼的人数达到4.35亿，全国人均体育场地面积达到1.8平方米以上。

– Implementing the National Fitness Program (2016-2020). Fitness facilities shall be made accessible to urban communities within a 15-minute radius, and permanent residents in rural towns and townships shall be ensured access to basic public sports services and farmers in rural administrative villages shall be guaranteed access to sports and fitness facilities. By 2020, some 700 million people shall take part in physical exercises at least once a week, and 435 million people shall do it on a regular basis, with per-capita sports or exercise area being 1.8 sq m or more.

（六）受教育权

(6) Right to education

实施《国家教育事业发展第十三个五年规划》，全面提升教育质量，促进教育公平。到2020年，劳动年龄人口平均受教育年限达到10.8年。

The 13th Five-Year Plan for the Development of Education (2016-2020) shall be implemented, the quality of education be enhanced comprehensively and equality in education be promoted. By 2020, the average years of schooling for the working-age population shall reach 10.8 years.

——普及学前三年教育。扩大普惠性学前教育资源，学前三年毛入园率提高到85%。继续加大对中西部地区和薄弱环节的支持力度，基本建成覆盖城乡、布局合理的学前教育公共服务体系。

– Making three-year pre-school education universal. Pre-school educational resources bringing universal benefits shall be expanded, and 85 percent of eligible children shall be enrolled in kindergartens. The support to the central and western regions and to weak links shall be strengthened, and a well-balanced network of pre-school education public service that covers both urban and rural areas shall be established.

——促进义务教育均衡优质发展。加快推进城乡义务教育一体化进程，加快义务教育公办学校标准化建设。全面改善贫困地区义务教育薄弱学校基本办学条件。着力保障随迁子女在流入地平等接受义务教育。完善留守儿童教育服务体系。

– Promoting balanced and high-quality development of compulsory education. Urban-rural integration of compulsory education shall be accelerated, so shall the standardized construction of public schools of compulsory education. The conditions of disadvantaged schools of compulsory education in poverty-ridden areas shall be improved overall. Greater attention shall be paid to ensure equal access to compulsory education at local schools for the children of migrant workers. The system of education service for children left behind by their migrant-worker parents shall be improved.

——普及高中阶段教育。促进普通高中多样化发展。继续加大对中西部贫困地区高中阶段教育的扶持力度。对建档立卡的家庭经济困难学生实施普通高中免除学杂费。到2020年，全国高中阶段教育毛入学率达到90%。

– Making senior high school education universal. Diversified development shall be encouraged of general high schools. Support shall be continuously enhanced to the development of senior high school education in poverty-stricken areas of central and western China. Students from families with financial difficulties shall be exempt from tuition and other fees during senior high school. By 2020, some 90 percent of junior high school students shall enter senior high schools.

——完善职业教育体系和制度建设。修改职业教育法。推动产教融合发展，完善校企合作制度。完善职业教育人才多样化成长渠道。支持欠发达地区职业教育发展。逐步分类推进中等职业教育免除学杂费。实施国家基本职业培训包制度。

– Improving the vocational education system. The Vocational Education Law shall be amended. Integrated development of industry and education shall be promoted, and the system of cooperation between schools and enterprises shall be improved. So shall the diversified channels conducive to the development of students receiving vocational education. Support shall be extended to the development of vocational education in less-developed areas. A program shall be implemented gradually and by category to exempt students receiving secondary vocational education from tuition and other fees. A national basic vocational training package shall be implemented.

——促进高等教育发展。实施高等学校创新能力提升计划。深入实施中西部高等教育振兴计划，扩大重点高校对中西部和农村地区招生规模。

– Boosting higher education. A program shall be implemented to enhance the innovation capacity of institutions of higher learning. So shall a program for rejuvenation of higher education of central and western regions, and key institutions of higher learning shall be made to enlarge their enrollments in central and western China, and rural areas.

——大力发展继续教育。建立个人学习账号和学分累计制度，畅通继续教育、终身学习通道。支持各类高校、企事业单位和各类教育培训机构开展继续教育。

– Making great efforts to develop continuing education. A personal education account and number of credits system shall be established, and the channels for continuing education and lifelong education shall be expanded. Institutions of higher learning, enterprises and public institutions, and various agencies providing educational training are encouraged to engage in continuing education.

——加强农村教师队伍建设。推动有关地方在连片特困地区实现乡村教师生活补助全覆盖，依据学校艰苦边远程度实行差别化的补助标准。推动各地逐步实行城乡统一的中小学教职工编制标准。推进城乡教师交流。加大对中西部乡村教师的培训。

– Improving the training of teachers in rural areas. Life subsidies shall be provided to all teachers working in rural areas hit hard by poverty, and differentiated amounts of subsidies shall be implemented on the basis of the location and degree of poverty where the teachers work. Unified standards shall be adopted for faculty and staff of elementary and high schools in both urban and rural areas. So shall the exchange of teachers working in urban and rural areas. Greater efforts shall be made in training of teachers working in rural areas of central and western China.

——健全国家资助政策体系，实现家庭经济困难学生资助全覆盖。

– Improving state financial aid policies, and ensuring full coverage of financial aid to students with economic difficulties.