国家人权行动计划（2016—2020年）（中英对照）

（七）文化权利

(7) Cultural rights

实施《国家“十三五”时期文化改革发展规划纲要》，完善公共文化服务体系、文化产业体系、文化市场体系，提升公民基本文化权利的保障水平。

The Outline of the National Plan for Cultural Reform and Development of the 13th Five-Year Plan Period (2016-2020) shall be implemented, and the public cultural services shall be improved, so shall the cultural industry and cultural market, to ensure citizens’ basic cultural rights.

——加快推进公共图书馆法、文化产业促进法、公共文化服务保障法、电影产业促进法立法。修订文物保护法、著作权法及其配套行政法规。

– Quickening the pace of enactment of laws on public libraries, the promotion of the cultural industry, the provision of public cultural services, and promotion of the movie industry. The Law on the Protection of Cultural Relics, the Copyright Law and supporting administrative regulations shall be amended.

——推进基本公共文化服务标准化、均等化。完善公共文化设施网络，加强基层文化服务能力建设。加大对老少边穷地区文化建设帮扶力度。加快公共数字文化建设。加强文化产品、惠民服务与群众文化需求对接。鼓励社会力量参与公共文化服务。继续推进公共文化设施免费开放。

– Promoting the standardization of and equal access to basic public cultural services. The public cultural facilities network shall keep to be improved, and the building of primary-level cultural service capacity shall be strengthened. Support shall be strengthened for cultural development in former revolutionary base areas, ethnic-minority areas, border areas and impoverished areas. Public digital culture development shall be accelerated. Cultural products and services should suit the public’s cultural needs. All social sectors are encouraged to take part in the provision of public cultural services. Free access to public cultural installations shall be further encouraged.

——促进新兴文化产业发展，推进文化业态创新，大力发展创意文化产业。完善文化市场准入和退出机制，促进文化资源在全国范围内流动。

– Promoting the development of emerging cultural industries. Innovation shall be encouraged in the forms of cultural operations, and great efforts shall be made to boost the development of creative culture. The cultural market entry-and-exit mechanism shall be improved, and the cultural resources shall be encouraged to flow nationwide.

——构建中华优秀传统文化传承体系。加强对国家重大文化和自然遗产地、大遗址、重点文物保护单位、历史文化名城名镇名村的保护建设，加大对非国有博物馆的政策扶持力度。推进国家非物质文化遗产保护利用设施建设工程和代表性传承人抢救性记录工程，实施国家非物质文化遗产传承人群研修研习培训计划。振兴传统工艺。实施中华典籍整理工程。

– Establishing a dissemination system of China’s fine cultural traditions. Protection and development of key state cultural and natural heritage sites, major ruins, key cultural relics protection units, and historic and cultural cities, towns and villages shall be strengthened, and so shall policy support to non-state-owned museums. Efforts shall be made to press forward with the building of facilities for protecting and utilizing state intangible cultural heritages, and implement a research and training program for the inheritors of intangible cultural heritages. Traditional craftsmanship shall be further developed, and the project to collate Chinese classics and records shall be launched.

——全面实施全民阅读工程。

– Launching a nationwide reading project.

——加强互联网与网络文化建设。城镇地区实现光网覆盖，提供1000兆比特每秒以上接入服务能力，大中城市家庭用户带宽实现100兆比特每秒以上灵活选择；98%的行政村实现光纤通达，有条件地区提供100兆比特每秒以上接入服务能力，半数以上农村家庭用户带宽实现50兆比特每秒以上灵活选择。实施网络内容建设工程，支持传统出版资源加快数字化转化，提高知识服务能力，鼓励推出优秀网络原创作品。

– Strengthening the development of the Internet and cyber culture. Fiber-optic networks shall cover all urban areas and provide a connection capacity of 1,000 Mbps, allowing home users of the Internet in medium-sized and large cities to choose from a variety of plans with speeds above 100 Mbps; fiber-optic networks shall cover 98 percent of rural administrative villages, an Internet connection capacity of 100 Mbps shall be available for areas where conditions allow, allowing more than half of rural home users to choose from a variety of plans with speeds above 50 Mbps. An Internet content development project shall be implemented, support shall be extended to the digitalization of traditional publishing resources, the knowledge-services capacity shall be enhanced, and encouragement shall be given to the creation of outstanding original works on the Internet.

（八）环境权利

(8) Environmental rights

实行最严格的环境保护制度，形成政府、企业、公众共治的环境治理体系，着力解决大气、水、土壤等突出环境问题，实现环境质量总体改善。

Implementing the strictest possible system of environmental protection, forming an environmental-governance system involving the government, enterprises and the general public, and striving to address such pressing environmental problems as air, water and soil pollution, so as to strive for an overall improvement of the environment.

——切实落实环境保护法和大气污染防治法，完善环境公益诉讼等配套制度。有序推进水污染防治法、土壤污染防治法、核安全法等立法规划项目进程。

– Effectively implementing the Law on Environmental Protection and the Law on Atmospheric Pollution Prevention and Control, and improving environmental public interest litigation and other supporting mechanisms. The pace of legislation for water and soil pollution prevention and control, and nuclear safety shall be promoted in an orderly manner.

——坚持不懈治理大气污染。到2020年，地级以上城市空气质量优良天数比率超过80%，细颗粒物（PM_2.5）未达标地级以上城市浓度下降18%，二氧化硫、氮氧化物排放总量减少15%。

– Sparing no effort to curb air pollution. By 2020 the ratio of days with good air quality in cities above the prefecture level shall exceed 80 percent, the density of fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) in such cities that have not yet met the required standards shall drop by 18 percent, and the total emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitric oxides shall drop by 15 percent.

——强化水污染防治。加大水源地污染治理和流域水污染防治，筛选七大流域优控污染物清单。到2020年，达到或好于Ⅲ类水体比例超过70%，劣Ⅴ类水体比例小于5%，地级以上城市建成区黑臭水体控制在10%以内。化学需氧量、氨氮排放总量减少10%。地下水超采得到严格控制。

– Strengthening water pollution prevention and control. Efforts shall be intensified for pollution prevention and control in water-head areas and river basins, and a list of priority pollutants shall be screened and established for the country’s seven major river basins. By 2020, bodies of water at or above the Grade-III level shall surpass 70 percent, with bodies of water at the Grade-V level reduced to 5 percent or less, and black and odorous bodies of water in built-up areas of cities above the prefecture level shall be limited to 10 percent or less. The chemical oxygen demand amount and total emission of ammonia nitrogen shall drop by 10 percent, and excessive exploitation of groundwater shall be brought under strict control.

——制定实施土壤污染防治行动计划。到2020年，完成200个土壤污染治理与修复技术应用试点项目。建设6个土壤污染综合防治先行区，受污染耕地治理与修复面积达到1000万亩，轻度和中度污染耕地实现安全利用的面积达到4000万亩。

– Formulating and implementing the Soil Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan. By 2020, 200 pilot programs shall be completed for the application of soil-pollution control and remedy technologies; six pilot areas of soil-pollution prevention and control shall be built; and area of polluted farmland treated and restored shall reach 10 million mu (less than 700,000 ha), with the area of lightly and moderately polluted farmland treated for safe utilization being 40 million mu (less than 3 million ha).

——加强危险废物污染防治。开展危险废物专项整治。加大重点区域、有色等重点行业重金属污染防治力度。加强有毒有害化学物质环境和健康风险评估能力建设。推进核设施安全改进和放射性污染防治，强化核与辐射安全监管体系和监管能力建设。

– Improving hazardous waste pollution prevention and control. Special programs shall be carried out in hazardous waste pollution control, and efforts shall be intensified for the prevention and control of heavy metal pollution in key areas and key industries such as non-ferrous metals. Capacity building shall be strengthened in environment and health risk assessment of toxic and harmful chemicals. Further efforts shall be made to promote the security improvement of nuclear facilities and prevention and control of radioactive contamination, and strengthen the security supervision system and capacity of nuclear and radioactive materials.

——加强海洋资源环境保护。严格控制围填海规模，加强海岸带保护与修复，自然岸线保有率不低于35%。实施陆源污染物达标排海和排污总量控制制度，建立海洋资源环境承载力预警机制。严格控制捕捞强度。加强海洋生态珍稀物种保护。实施海洋督查制度。

– Improving the protection of marine resources and environment. Strict control shall be enforced on the scale of sea reclamation, and protection and restoration of coastal belts, seeing to it that at least 35 percent of the country’ s shorelines remain in their natural conditions. A system shall be implemented under which terrigenous pollutants shall be treated and meet required standards before they are discharged into the sea and the total amount of waste discharge shall be capped. An early-warning mechanism shall be established in relation to marine resources and environment carrying capacity. Strict control shall be imposed on fishing intensity; protection of rare marine species shall be enhanced; and a marine supervision mechanism shall be implemented.

——推动能源结构优化升级。到2020年，单位GDP能源消耗降低15%，万元GDP用水量下降23%，非化石能源占一次能源消费比重达15%，单位GDP二氧化碳排放降低18%。

– Promoting the improvement and upgrading of the energy structure. By 2020, the energy consumption per unit of GDP shall drop by 15 percent, water usage per RMB10,000 of GDP shall drop by 23 percent, non-fossil energy resources shall make up 15 percent of primary energy consumption, and carbon dioxide emission per unit of GDP shall decrease by 18 percent.

——推进生态建设。加快生态保护红线划定，推动建立重点生态功能区产业准入负面清单制度。到2020年，森林覆盖率提高到23%以上，湿地保有量稳定在8亿亩，自然保护地占国有面积稳定在17%以上，新增沙化土地治理面积1000万公顷，新增水土流失综合治理面积27万平方公里，国家森林城市达到200个，全国80%以上的行政村居民点绿化覆盖率达25%以上。健全国门生物安全查验机制，防范动植物疫情疫病跨境传播和外来物种入侵。

– Promoting ecological conservation. The pace of delimiting the “red lines” for ecological conservation shall be accelerated, and efforts shall be made to forge ahead with the establishment of a negative list of industries that are not allowed in key eco-function zones. By 2020, the country’s forest coverage shall be raised to 23 percent of its land; the wetland inventory shall be stabilized at 800 million mu (over 53 million ha); and nature reserves shall remain steady at 17 percent of the country’s total land area, in addition to another 10 million ha of improved desert land and another 270,000 sq km of land of which soil erosion control has been completed. In addition, the number of national “forest cities” shall increase to 200, and the ratio of green land shall reach 25 percent in over 80 percent of the administrative villages nationwide. A bio-safety inspection mechanism shall be set up at land and sea ports to prevent the spread of plant and animal epidemics and diseases across borders, as well as invasion by alien species.

——完善环境监察体制机制。推行全流域、跨区域联防联控和城乡协同治理模式。建立健全排污权有偿使用和交易制度。建立企业环境信用记录和违法排污黑名单制度。健全生态环境损害赔偿制度。

– Improving environmental monitoring and supervision mechanisms. A trans-regional governance model shall be enforced for joint environmental prevention and control that covers all river basins and integrates urban and rural efforts. A system for paid use and trading of emission rights shall be established. So shall a system of environmental credit records for enterprises and a blacklist system of illegal waste discharge. The environmental damage compensation system shall be improved.