国家人权行动计划（2016—2020年）（中英对照）

二、公民权利和政治权利

II. Civil and Political Rights

深入推进依法行政，加强人权司法保障，扩大公民有序政治参与，切实保障公民权利和政治权利。

Law-based governance shall be advanced, judicial protection of human rights strengthened and orderly civil participation in political affairs expanded to effectively protect the people’ s civil and political rights.

（一）人身权利

(1) Rights of the person

规范涉及公民人身的执法行为和司法行为。采取措施防范刑讯逼供。规范监管场所，保障各类被限制人身自由人员的权利。

Acts of law enforcement and judicature touching on the rights of the person shall be standardized. Measures shall be taken to prevent extorting confessions by torture. Places of surveillance shall be regularized to protect the rights of people whose personal freedom is subject to restriction.

——完善行政组织和行政程序法律制度。行政机关不得法外设定权力，没有宪法法律依据不得作出限制公民人身自由的强制措施和处罚。

– Improving laws and regulations concerning administrative bodies and procedures. Administrative bodies shall not extend their power beyond the law, and not impose any coercive measure or punishment that restrict personal freedom in the absence of constitutional basis or legal basis.

——完善执法程序。建立执法全过程记录制度，完善对涉及公民人身权利的行政强制措施实行司法监督的制度。

– Improving law enforcement procedures. A system of archiving shall be established of the entire law-enforcement process, and the system of judicial supervision shall be improved over coercive administrative measures involving rights of the person.

——完善对限制人身自由司法措施和侦查手段的司法监督。加强对刑讯逼供和非法取证的源头预防，健全冤假错案的有效防范、及时纠正机制。落实讯问犯罪嫌疑人全程同步录音录像制度，并逐步扩大其适用的案件范围，试行重大案件全程同步录音录像随案移送制度。

– Improving judicial oversight over judicial and investigation means that restrict personal freedom. Efforts shall be strengthened to prevent at source interrogation by torture and illegal collection of evidence, and improve the mechanism for preventing and redressing unjust, false and erroneous cases in a timely manner. The system of synchronous video and audio recording shall be implemented for the entire process of questioning criminal suspects, while the scope of its application being gradually expanded. Trial implementation shall be made of the system of transferring major cases together with the relevant synchronous video and audio recordings.

——完善侦查阶段听取律师意见的相关机制。犯罪嫌疑人委托的律师提出不构成犯罪、无逮捕必要、不适宜羁押、侦查活动有违法犯罪情形等书面意见以及相关证据材料的，检察人员应当在审查逮捕意见书中说明是否采纳律师意见的情况和理由。

– Improving the mechanism of consulting lawyers at the stage of investigation. Where the defense lawyer entrusted by a criminal suspect provides written opinions, materials and evidence that prove the suspect’s acts do not constitute a crime, arrest is unnecessary, detention is unsuitable or investigation is illegal, the procurator shall state clearly in the relevant written report on investigation and arrest the conditions and reasons for whether or not adopting the lawyer’s opinions.

——严格执行指定居所监视居住制度。严格把握适用标准、适用期限，规范执行场所、执行方式，健全适用审批制度。

– Seriously implementing the system of residential surveillance at designated places. Tight control shall be enforced on the conditions and duration of residential surveillance, as well as the places and means of enforcement, in addition to improvement of the pertinent review and approval system.

——强化对公安执法办案活动的刚性约束。改革完善受立案制度、执法质量考评制度和执法过错责任追究制度。加强执法办案场所办案区使用管理，深化公安执法信息化建设。

– Imposing rigid constraints on law-enforcing and case-handling activities of public security organs. Efforts shall be made to reform and improve the systems of acceptance and hearing of cases, appraisal of law-enforcement effectiveness, and accountability for mistakes in law-enforcement. Management shall be strengthened of the use of case-handling sites and areas for law enforcement, and improvement shall be made of the IT application in law enforcement for public security bodies.

——加大力度查处国家机关工作人员利用职权实施非法拘禁等侵犯公民人身权利的犯罪。

– Making greater efforts to investigate and punish government functionaries abusing power to illegally detain people or commit other crimes that infringe upon the rights of the person.

——严格把握死刑适用条件。强化死刑复核程序，进一步规范死刑复核监督程序。

– Strictly observing the conditions applicable to death penalty. The procedure of checking and verification shall be strengthened for death sentence, and the procedure of oversight over death sentence checking and verification shall be further regularized.

——制定看守所法，提升被羁押人权利保障的立法层级，完善配套法律法规和规章制度。

– Formulating the Law on Detention Houses. The level of legislation for protecting the rights of detainees shall be raised, in addition to enacting related supporting laws, regulations, provisions and rules.

——健全刑事羁押必要性审查制度。发现不需要继续羁押或患有严重疾病不适宜羁押的，应当释放犯罪嫌疑人、被告人或变更强制措施。

– Improving the system of examining and approving the necessity of criminal custody. Where custody is deemed unnecessary or unsuitable due to severe illness, the criminal suspects or defendants shall be released or the coercive measures be changed.

——加强刑事羁押期限监督。预防和清理久押不决案件，严格落实换押制度、超期羁押报告制度及责任追究制度。

– Enhancing supervision over the duration of criminal custody. Efforts shall be made to prevent and settle prolonged detention of suspects without concluding the case, and strictly implement the systems of changing custody, reporting overdue custody and accountability for detention beyond the legally prescribed time limit.

——严格落实监管场所的各项规章制度。完善被羁押人投诉处理机制，畅通被羁押人权利救济渠道。加强监管场所检察信息化建设，实现对监管场所的动态监督。

– Strictly implementing the rules and regulations on places of surveillance. The mechanism to handle detainees’ complaints shall be improved, and channels of right relief be unblocked for them. IT application in relation to procuratorial work shall be strengthened for places of surveillance, and dynamic oversight be realized in such places.

——规范强制医疗的执行、治疗、管理和监督，保障被强制医疗人员的权利。

– Promoting procedure-based enforcement, medical care, management and supervision of compulsory medical treatment, and protecting the rights of those receiving compulsory medical treatment.

——落实禁毒法和戒毒条例。依法规范强制隔离戒毒决定、提前解除强制隔离戒毒决定、延长戒毒期限决定的作出。提升戒毒医疗、康复水平，保障戒毒人员合法权利。

– Implementing the Anti-Drug Law and the Regulations on Drug Rehabilitation. Standard rules shall be implemented for decision-making on compulsory isolation for drug rehabilitation, early termination or extension of the terms of such drug rehabilitation. The effectiveness of medical treatment and rehabilitation in relation to drug addiction shall be improved, and the lawful rights of drug addicts undergoing rehabilitation shall be protected.

（二）获得公正审判的权利

(2) Right to fair trial

尊重司法运行规律，建立以审判为中心的诉讼制度，提高司法公信力。

Following the rule of judicial operation, an adjudication-centered litigation system shall be established, and judicial credibility shall be enhanced.

——确保法院依法独立行使审判权。完善对领导干部干预司法活动、插手具体案件处理的记录、通报和责任追究制度。明确司法机关内部各层级权限，健全内部监督制约机制，完善对司法机关内部人员过问案件的记录制度和责任追究制度。

– Ensuring the people’s courts exercise adjudicative power independently and in accordance with the law. The system that archives leading officials’ intervention in judicial activities and in the handling of particular cases shall be improved, making them known to the public, and holding them accountable. The limits of authority at all levels within the judicial bodies shall be clearly defined. The mechanism of internal checks and oversight shall be improved, so shall the recording and accountability systems regarding judicial personnel who intervene in case handling.

——规范司法解释和案例指导，统一法律适用标准。

– Standardizing judicial interpretation and case guidance, and unifying the criteria for the application of the law.

——全面贯彻证据裁判原则。落实直接言词原则，严格落实证人、鉴定人出庭制度。

– Implementing the principle of evidentiary adjudication. The principles of testimony and trial in court shall be implemented, so shall the system of court appearance of witnesses and authenticators.

——贯彻疑罪从无原则，严格实行非法证据排除规则，进一步明确非法证据的范围和排除程序。

– Implementing the principle of presumption of innocence, and the rule of exclusion of illegally obtained evidence, and specifying the scope and exclusion procedures of illegal evidence.

——加强诉讼过程中律师的知情权、申请权、申诉权等各项权利的制度保障，落实相关法律赋予律师在诉讼中会见、阅卷、收集证据和发问、质证、辩论等方面的执业权利，保障律师依法行使辩护权、代理权。健全完善侦查、起诉、审判各环节重视律师辩护代理意见的工作机制，落实听取律师意见制度。禁止对律师进行歧视性安检，为律师依法履职提供便利。

– Enhancing institutional guarantee for lawyers’ rights to know, apply and appeal throughout the course of litigation, ensuring their access to criminal suspects or defendants, and rights to review files, collect evidence, raise questions, conduct cross-examinations and debate, and ensuring lawyers exercise their rights of defense and procuration in accordance with the law. The mechanism of valuing lawyers’ defense and procuration opinions in investigation, prosecution and trial shall be improved, and the system of listening to their opinions shall be observed. Discriminatory security checks of lawyers are prohibited, in order to provide convenience for them to perform their duties in accordance with the law.

——强化诉讼过程中当事人和其他诉讼参与人的知情权、陈述权、辩论辩护权、申请权、申诉权的制度保障，落实刑事诉讼法及相关配套法规制度关于法律援助的规定。

– Enhancing institutional guarantee for the rights of litigants and other parties involved in the lawsuit to know, present views, debate and defense, apply and appeal, and implementing regulations on legal aid prescribed in the Criminal Procedure Law and related rules and regulations.

——完善刑事诉讼中认罪认罚从宽制度。明确被告人自愿认罪、自愿接受处罚、积极退赃退赔案件的诉讼程序、处罚标准和处理方式。

– Improving the practice of leniency to those who confess their crimes and submit to punishment in criminal proceedings. The judicial proceedings, penalty standards and handling means shall be clarified for cases where defendants plead guilty, accept punishment, surrender ill-gotten gains or pay compensation, all of their own accord.

——继续推进量刑规范化，规范法官的量刑裁量权，完善量刑程序，促进量刑公开、公正。

– Pressing further forward with standardization in meting out punishment, regularizing the judges’ sentencing discretion, improving sentencing procedures, and enhancing openness and impartiality in sentencing.

——禁止让刑事在押被告人或上诉人穿着具有监管机构标识的服装出庭受审。

– Prohibiting defendants who are held in custody or appellants from appearing in court wearing clothing that bear the logo of their organs of custody.

——健全轻微刑事案件快速办理机制，有序推进刑事案件速裁程序改革。

– Improving the mechanism for fast-track handling of minor criminal cases, and reforming fast-track trial procedures for criminal cases in an orderly manner.

——制定刑事被害人救助法，建立统一、规范的刑事被害人救助制度。

– Formulating the Law on Assistance for Victims of Crime, and establishing a unified, procedure-based relief system for victims of crime.