国家人权行动计划（2016—2020年）（中英对照）

三、特定群体权利

III. Rights of Specific Groups

采取有针对性的措施，有效满足各类群体的特殊需求，切实保障少数民族、妇女、儿童、老年人和残疾人的合法权益。

Targeted measures shall be taken to satisfy the special needs of various groups and to protect the lawful rights and interests of ethnic minorities, women, children, elderly people and the disabled.

（一）少数民族权利

(1) Rights of ethnic minorities

国家把加快少数民族和民族地区发展摆到更加突出的位置，尊重和保障少数民族权利。

The state will prioritize the development of ethnic minorities and ethnic-minority areas, respecting and protecting the rights of ethnic minorities.

——保障少数民族平等参与管理国家和社会事务的权利。提高少数民族参政议政能力。保证在中央和地方国家权力机关、行政机关、审判机关和检察机关都有相应数量的少数民族成员。加强少数民族公务员队伍建设，对少数民族公民报考公务员依法给予照顾。

– The right of ethnic minorities to participate in the management of state and social affairs on an equal footing shall be guaranteed by the state. Their ability to participate in the deliberation and administration of state affairs shall be improved. The state will make sure that minority groups have a proportionate number of representatives in organs of state power and administrative, judicial and procuratorate organs at both the central and local levels. It will improve the work to build up the ranks of ethnic-minority civil servants, and ethnic-minority citizens shall enjoy favorable treatment in accordance with the law when they take the national civil service examination.

——保障少数民族经济发展权利。促进少数民族事业发展，加大财政投入和金融支持，改善基础设施条件，支持民族地区发展优势产业和特色经济，确保到2020年在民族地区基本消除绝对贫困现象，持续促进民族地区经济发展主要指标增速高于全国平均水平。

– The right of ethnic minorities to economic development shall be guaranteed. The state will continue to help boost the economy of ethnic-minority areas by increasing budgetary input and financial aid, improving infrastructure and supporting competitive industries and economic endeavors with distinctive features of minority areas, to see to it that absolute poverty in these areas shall be basically eliminated by 2020 and that the major indicators of economic development of these areas shall be higher than the national average.

——保障少数民族均等享有公共服务的权利。推动国家公共服务资源向民族自治地方倾斜。加强跨省区对口支援和对口帮扶工作，进一步缩小民族自治地方的城乡居民收入、义务教育、医疗卫生、社会保障与全国平均水平的差距。

– The right of ethnic minorities to enjoy equal access to public services shall be guaranteed. Efforts shall be made to channel public service resources to the ethnic autonomous areas, and strengthen trans-provincial/regional pair-up assistance to further narrow the gaps in the incomes of urban and rural residents, as well as in compulsory education, medical care, and social security between ethnic autonomous areas and the national average.

——保障少数民族受教育权利。继续推动公共教育资源向民族地区倾斜，深入推进教育对口支援。支持民族地区义务教育学校标准化建设，到2020年基本实现县域内义务教育均衡发展。为民族地区培养输送农村教师。适当提高东中部省市职业院校招收民族地区学生的比例。继续办好内地民族班。重视培养和使用各类少数民族人才。

– The right of ethnic minorities to education shall be guaranteed. Efforts shall be made continuously to transfer more public education resources to ethnic-minority areas and strengthen pair-up assistance in education; to support ethnic-minority areas in standardized construction of compulsory-education schools, so as to realize the balanced development of compulsory education in each county by 2020; and to help ethnic-minority areas train teachers who will go and work in the rural areas. The proportion of students enrolled from ethnic-minority areas to vocational schools in central and eastern provinces and cities shall be raised appropriately. Renewed efforts shall be made to run well special classes for ethnic-minority students in hinterland areas. Importance shall be attached to the training and utilization of skilled people of ethnic minority origin in all professions.

——尊重和保障少数民族学习使用和发展本民族语言文字的权利。不断提高少数民族语言文字教育水平，在民族地区加强双语教学。保障少数民族公民使用本民族语言文字进行诉讼的权利。

– The right of ethnic minorities to learn, use and develop their own spoken and written languages shall be respected and guaranteed. The language education level of ethnic minorities is constantly being raised and bilingual teaching increased in ethnic-minority areas. Their right to litigate in their own languages is protected.

——保障少数民族的文化权利。保护和传承少数民族传统文化，做好少数民族古籍保护、抢救、整理、出版和研究工作。加强少数民族文艺作品创作生产，鼓励和扶持反映各民族文化交融、创新的现实题材作品。加大民族地区特色文化产业扶持力度。

– The cultural rights of ethnic minorities shall be guaranteed. The state shall protect and pass on the traditional culture of ethnic minorities, and step up efforts to protect, rescue, sort out, publish and research ancient books of ethnic minorities. It shall encourage the creation of literary works of ethnic minorities, and support innovative realistic works featuring integration of ethnic cultures. It shall increase support for the ethnic-culture industry with distinctive features.

——修改城市民族工作条例，保障城市中少数民族合法权益。

– Urban work regulations concerning ethnic minorities shall be revised to protect the legitimate rights and interests of ethnic minorities in urban areas.

（二）妇女权利

(2) Rights of women

贯彻落实男女平等基本国策，全面实现《中国妇女发展纲要（2011－2020年）》目标，消除性别歧视，改善妇女发展环境，保障妇女合法权益。

The basic state policy of equality of men and women shall be implemented. Objectives set in the National Program for Women’s Development (2011-2020) shall be realized to eliminate gender discrimination, improve the environment for women’s development and protect the legitimate rights and interests of women.

——继续促进妇女平等参与管理国家和社会事务。逐步提高女性在各级人大代表、政协委员中的比例，以及在各级人大、政府、政协领导成员中的比例。到2020年，村民委员会成员中女性比例达30%以上，村民委员会主任中女性比例达10%以上，居民委员会成员中女性比例保持在50%左右。

– Efforts shall be carried on to promote equal participation of women in the management of state and social affairs. The proportion of women delegates to the people’s congresses and CPPCC committees at all levels shall be gradually increased, so shall the proportion of women in the leadership of the people’s congresses, governments and CPPCC committees at all levels. By 2020, women members shall make up over 30 percent of total members of villagers’ committees, over 10 percent of the villagers’ committee chairpersons, and about 50 percent of the members of urban residents’ committees.

——努力消除在就业、薪酬、职业发展方面的性别歧视。将女职工特殊劳动保护作为劳动保障监察和劳动安全监督的重要内容，实行年度考核。

– Efforts shall be made to eliminate gender discrimination in employment, payment and career development. Special labor protection for women workers shall be made an important content in labor security and safety supervision. Annual assessment shall be conducted in this regard.

——保障妇女的健康权利。完善城乡生育保障制度，向孕产妇提供生育全过程的基本医疗保健服务。到2020年，孕产妇死亡率降为18/10万，新增产床8.9万张，力争增加产科医生和助产士14万名。提高妇女常见病筛查率，扩大农村妇女宫颈癌、乳腺癌免费检查覆盖范围。加强流动妇女卫生保健服务。

– Women’s right to health shall be protected. Efforts shall be made to improve the maternity service system in urban and rural areas, and provide basic medical and health services for pregnant and lying-in women. By 2020, the mortality rate of pregnant and lying-in women shall drop to 18 per 100,000; an additional 89,000 obstetric tables and 140,000 obstetricians and midwives be added. The screening of common gynecological diseases shall be raised, and the scope of free check-ups for cervical and breast cancers be expanded for rural women. Health-care services for migrant women shall be improved.

——保障妇女的婚姻家庭权利。设立男性职工带薪陪护分娩妻子的假期制度。大力发展针对0－3岁幼儿的托幼机构，为妇女平衡工作与家庭提供支持。保障妇女在婚姻家庭中的财产权益。

– Women’s rights of marriage and the family shall be protected. A system of paid maternity leave for male workers to accompany and attend to puerperal wives shall be introduced. Great efforts shall be made to develop nurseries for kids under three years old to help women balance work and family duties. Women’ s property rights and interests in marriage and the family shall be protected.

——贯彻落实反家庭暴力法。完善预防和制止家庭暴力多部门合作机制，以及预防、制止和救助一体化工作机制。鼓励和扶持社会组织参与反家庭暴力工作。

– The Anti-Domestic Violence Law shall be enforced. The multi-departmental cooperative mechanism for the prevention and prohibition of domestic violence shall be improved, so shall an integrated working mechanism that combines prevention, prohibition and assistance. Social organizations shall be encouraged and helped to take part in the work against domestic violence.

——落实《中国反对拐卖人口行动计划（2013－2020年）》，有效预防和依法打击拐卖妇女犯罪行为。

– China’s Action Plan Against Human Abduction and Trafficking (2013-2020) shall be implemented and effective efforts shall be made to prevent and crack down on such crimes in accordance with the law.

——预防和制止针对妇女的性骚扰。

– Steps shall be taken to prevent and stop sexual harassment of women. 

（三）儿童权利

(3) Rights of children

坚持儿童优先原则，强化政府和社会保障儿童权益的责任，全面实现《中国儿童发展纲要（2011－2020年）》目标。

The principle of “putting children first” shall be upheld, the responsibility of the government and the whole of society for the protection of children’ s rights and interests shall be highlighted, and the goals set in the National Program for Children’ s Development in China (2011-2020) shall be fully realized.

——修改未成年人保护法。

– The Law on the Protection of Minors shall be amended.

——完善儿童监护制度。构建未成年人关爱社会网络。逐步建立以家庭监护为主体，以社区、学校等有关单位和人员监督为保障，以国家监护为补充的监护制度。完善并落实不履行监护职责或严重侵害被监护儿童权益的父母或其他监护人资格撤销的法律制度。

– The children guardianship system shall be improved, and a social network for the care of minors shall be established. A guardianship system, which is based on family guardianship, guaranteed by supervision of relevant institutions and persons such as the neighborhood and school, and supplemented by state guardianship, shall be established in due course. The legal system shall be improved to remove the guardianship status of parents or other custodians who fail to perform their responsibilities or seriously infringe upon the rights and interests of children under their guardianship.

——保障儿童健康权。加强出生缺陷综合防治，建立覆盖城乡居民，涵盖孕前、孕期、新生儿各阶段的出生缺陷防治服务制度。加强儿童疾病防治和预防伤害，到2020年，婴儿死亡率、5岁以下儿童死亡率分别控制在7.5‰和9.5‰以内。纳入国家免疫规划的疫苗接种率以乡（镇）为单位保持在95％以上。继续推行农村义务教育学生营养改善计划。强化学校体育工作，不断提升学生体质健康水平。加强未成年人心理健康引导。

– Children’s right to health shall be effectively protected. The state shall establish a service system to prevent and treat birth defects, covering the pre-pregnancy, pregnancy and neonatal stages, and accessible to both urban and rural residents. The state shall also enhance the prevention and treatment of childhood diseases and injuries. By 2020, the mortality rate of infants and kids under the age of five shall be no higher than 7.5 per 1,000 and 9.5 per 1,000, respectively. The vaccination rate under the national immunization program, calculated by taking the rural township as the basic unit, shall be kept above 95 percent. The nutrition-enhancement program for students receiving compulsory education in rural areas shall be carried on. Physical education in schools shall be given great priority in order to constantly improve the students’ physical health. More guidance shall be given to improve the mental health of minors.

——加强儿童财产权益保护。依法保障儿童的财产收益权和获赠权、知识产权、继承权、一定权限内独立的财产支配权。

– Protection of children’s rights and interests in property shall be improved. Protection shall be extended, in accordance with the law, to the children’ s rights to proceeds generated by property, bequests, intellectual property right, right of inheritance, and independent right of property dominion within certain limits.

——加强校园及周边社会治安综合治理，加强校车安全管理，预防和制止校园暴力。

– Comprehensive maintenance of public security on and around school premises shall be strengthened, school bus safety management shall be enhanced, and violence on campus shall be prevented and stopped.

——创造有利于儿童参与的社会环境。鼓励并支持儿童参与家庭、学校和社会事务，畅通儿童参与和表达渠道。

– A social environment conducive to the involvement of children shall be created. Encouragement and support shall be given to children to participate in family, school and social affairs, and channels shall be opened up for children to get involved and express themselves.

——保障儿童享有闲暇和娱乐的权利。加强社区儿童活动和服务场所建设，到2020年，“儿童之家”覆盖90%以上的城乡社区。确保街道和乡镇配备1名以上专职或者兼职儿童社会工作者。标本兼治减轻学生课业负担。

– Children’s right to leisure and recreation shall be guaranteed. Efforts shall be enhanced in the construction of facilities for children’s activities and services in communities. By 2020, there will be “children’s homes” in over 90 percent of urban and rural communities. At least one full-time or part-time social worker in relation to children shall be employed in each urban sub-district and rural township. The schoolwork load shall be lessened by addressing both the root cause and symptoms.

——关爱困境儿童。全面构建覆盖市、县、乡镇(街道)、社区四级儿童福利保障和服务体系，实施县级儿童福利机构和未成年人保护机构建设规划。健全困境儿童保障制度。进一步完善孤儿保障制度。提高受艾滋病影响儿童和服刑人员未满18周岁子女的生活、受教育、医疗等权利保障水平。加大对农村留守儿童的关爱保护力度。

– Deprived children shall be taken care of. Children’s welfare and service systems at city, county, township (sub-district) and community levels shall be established, in addition to the implementation of a plan for the construction of children’s welfare institutions and institutions for the protection of minors at the county level. The system of welfare for deprived children shall be improved. The security system for orphans shall be perfected. The level of guarantee for the rights to life, education, health care and other rights of AIDS-affected children and prisoners’ children under 18 years old shall be improved. Greater protection and care shall be extended to children of migrant workers left behind in the countryside.

——建立儿童暴力伤害的监测预防、发现报告、调查评估、处置、救助工作运行机制。依法打击拐卖、虐待、遗弃儿童，利用儿童进行乞讨，以及针对儿童的一切形式的性侵犯等违法犯罪行为。严厉惩处使用童工和对儿童进行经济剥削的违法行为。

– A working mechanism against violence to children shall be in place, which will prevent, monitor, report, investigate, evaluate, and handle cases of violence to children and provide necessary assistance. Great store shall be set on punishing the abduction, maltreatment and abandonment of children, forcing children into begging and other illegal criminal activities, including all forms of sexual abuse of children. Severe punishments shall be meted out to criminal activities, such as employment of child labor and exploitation of children.

——最大限度地降低未成年犯罪嫌疑人的批捕率、起诉率和监禁率。改革少年审判和家事审判工作制度，建立儿童司法保护和行政保护衔接机制。继续做好犯罪未成年人社区矫正工作。

– Every attention shall be paid to reducing the number of arrest, prosecution and imprisonment of juvenile suspects. Reform shall be made of the working mechanism in relation to the trial of minors and children-related family cases, and a mechanism shall be established to link up judicial and administrative protection of children. Efforts shall be made to do well in community-based correction of juvenile delinquents.