五、军控、裁军与防扩散 V.
Arms Control, Disarmament and Non-Proliferation
（一）核问题 1. Nuclear
Weapons
中国一贯主张并积极倡导全面禁止和彻底销毁核武器。中国坚定奉行自卫防御的核战略，始终恪守在任何时候、任何情况下不首先使用核武器，无条件不对无核武器国家和无核武器区使用或威胁使用核武器的承诺。中国在核武器的规模和发展方面始终采取极为克制的态度，不在别国部署核武器，从不参加任何形式的核军备竞赛，将继续把自身核力量维持在国家安全需要的最低水平。
China
has consistently and actively advocated the complete prohibition and thorough
destruction of nuclear weapons. China is firmly committed to a nuclear strategy
based on self-defence and has upheld its commitment that it would not be the
first to use nuclear weapons at any time and under any circumstances and that
it would unconditionally refrain from using or threatening to use nuclear
weapons against non-nuclear-weapon states or nuclear-weapon-free zones. China
has exercised utmost restraint regarding the scale and development of its
nuclear arsenal, never deployed nuclear weapons in other countries and never
taken part in any form of nuclear arms race. China will continue to keep its
nuclear force at the minimum level required for national security.
中国支持日内瓦裁谈会尽快达成全面平衡的工作计划，早日开展实质性工作。中方坚定维护多边裁军机制的权威性和有效性，支持裁谈会尽早启动“禁产条约”谈判，始终认为裁谈会是谈判该条约的唯一适当场所,并一直为推动裁谈会各方凝聚共识、弥合分歧做出积极努力。中国坚定支持《全面禁止核试验条约》，并积极推动条约早日生效。
China
supports the Geneva Conference on Disarmament (CD) in reaching agreement on a
comprehensive and balanced program of work and starting considering substantive
issues at an early date. China upholds the authority and effectiveness of the
multilateral disarmament regime, supports the CD in launching negotiation on
the Fissile Material Cut-off Treaty at an early date, always regards the CD as
the only appropriate forum for negotiating the Treaty and has been working
actively to promote consensus-building among the parties to bridge differences.
China firmly supports the Comprehensive
Nuclear Test Ban Treaty and pushes for its early entry into force.
中国始终认为，《不扩散核武器条约》是国际核不扩散机制的基石，希望各方共同努力，认真落实2010年审议大会最后文件。当前形势下，各方应继续维护和加强条约的普遍性、权威性和有效性，使条约在防止核武器扩散，推动核裁军和促进和平利用核能方面发挥更大作用。
China
believes that the Treaty on the
Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) is the cornerstone of the
international nuclear non-proliferation regime. China hopes that the parties
concerned will make joint efforts to earnestly implement the final documents of
the 2010 review conference. In the current situation, the universality,
authority and effectiveness of the NPT should be upheld and strengthened for it
to play an even bigger role in preventing proliferation of nuclear weapons, promoting
nuclear disarmament and the peaceful use of nuclear energy.
中国重视核安全问题，反对核恐怖主义，支持加强相关国际合作，欢迎2010年华盛顿核安全峰会和2012年首尔核安全峰会在此方面取得的进展。中国愿与各方共同努力，推动2014年荷兰核安全峰会取得积极成果。
China
takes seriously nuclear safety and security, opposes nuclear terrorism,
supports increasing relevant international cooperation and welcomes progress
made in this regard at the Washington Nuclear Security Summit of 2010 and the
Seoul Nuclear Security Summit of 2012. China stands ready to work with all
parties to push for positive results at the 2014 Nuclear Security Summit in the
Netherlands.
中国认为，核能利用必须以安全为前提。中国支持国际社会采取切实措施加强核能安全，积极开展相关国际合作，以促进核能的健康、可持续发展。
China
maintains that safety should come first in the use of nuclear energy. China
supports the international community in taking concrete measures to enhance
nuclear safety and conducting international cooperation to promote the sound
and sustainable development of nuclear energy.
（二）生化武器问题 2. Chemical
and Biological Weapons
中国支持《禁止化学武器公约》和《禁止生物武器公约》的宗旨和目标，全面、严格履行两公约义务，支持不断加强两公约的普遍性。中国对有关化武拥有国和遗弃国未能按《禁止化学武器公约》规定的时限完成化武销毁表示遗憾，敦促有关国家根据缔约国大会和执理会有关决议要求，进一步加大工作力度，按有关决议和销毁计划确定的时限完成销毁；禁化武组织应对销毁进程进行有效监督。中国以积极和建设性态度参加了《禁止化学武器公约》第三次审议大会，愿与各方一道，为推进公约的全面、均衡落实做出自己的贡献。中国与《禁止生物武器公约》缔约国一道，积极落实公约第七次审议大会成果，并将继续推动公约在消除生物武器威胁、防止生物武器扩散、促进生物技术和平利用等方面发挥建设性作用。
China
supports the purposes and objectives of both the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) and the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC). China has fully and strictly
fulfilled its obligations under the two Conventions
and supports the enhancement of their universality. China finds it regrettable
that relevant states parties that possess chemical weapons and those that
abandoned such weapons on the territories of other states parties failed to
complete the destruction process before the scheduled deadline of the CWC, and urges such countries to follow
relevant decisions of the Conference of the States Parties and the Executive
Council and make further efforts to complete the destruction according to the
timetable of relevant decisions and destruction plans. The Organization for the
Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) should effectively supervise the
destruction process. China took an active and constructive part in the Third
Review Conference of the States Parties of the CWC. We stand ready to make concerted efforts with all parties
toward the implementation of the Convention in a comprehensive and balanced
manner. China has worked with other States Parties of the BWC in actively
implementing the outcomes of the Seventh Review Conference of the Convention
and will continue to promote the constructive role of the BWC in diffusing the threat of biological weapons, preventing their
proliferation and enhancing the peaceful use of biotechnology.
（三）防扩散问题 3. Non-Proliferation
中国坚决反对大规模杀伤性武器及其运载工具的扩散，认真、严格履行中国承担的国际义务和相关承诺。为实现防扩散目标，各国应致力于营造互信、合作的国际和地区安全环境，消除大规模杀伤性武器扩散的动因；坚持通过政治外交手段解决防扩散问题；切实维护和加强国际防扩散机制；平衡处理防扩散与和平利用科学技术的关系，摒弃双重标准。中国愿同有关各方加强交流合作，共同推动国际防扩散进程。
China
is firmly opposed to the proliferation of WMDs and their means of delivery, and
strictly fulfills its international obligations and relevant commitments. To
achieve the goal of non-proliferation, all countries should help build a global
and regional security environment of mutual trust and cooperation, reduce the
motivation for the proliferation of WMDs; resolve proliferation issues by
political and diplomatic means; uphold and strengthen the international
non-proliferation regime; and handle the relationship between non-proliferation
and the peaceful use of science and technology in a balanced way and abandon
double standards. China would like to step up exchanges and cooperation with
all parties to move forward the international non-proliferation process.
（四）外空安全问题 4. Peace
in Outer Space
中国一贯主张和平利用外空，反对外空武器化和外空军备竞赛，认为国际社会应尽早谈判制定新的国际条约，从根本上消除外空安全威胁。中国重视外空“透明与建立信任措施”在维护外空安全方面的积极作用，主张坚持“兼收并蓄、相辅相成”的原则，推进防止外空军备竞赛和外空“透明与建立信任措施”进程。中国以建设性姿态参与联合国外空“透明与建立信任措施”政府专家组相关工作，以及“国际外空行为准则”的讨论进程。
China
stands for the peaceful use of outer space and opposes arms race in or the
introduction of weapons into outer space. China maintains that the
international community should conclude relevant international legal
instruments as soon as possible to fundamentally remove security threats to
outer space. China values the positive role of the Transparency and Confidence-Building Measures (TCBM) in
safeguarding security in outer space, supports the principle of “inclusiveness
and complementarity” in promoting the prevention of arms race and the TCBM
process in outer space. China will take a constructive part in the work of the
UN Group of Governmental Experts on Outer Space TCBM and the discussions on the
International Code of Conduct for Activities in Outer Space.
（五）信息和网络安全问题 5. Information
and Cyber Security
信息安全问题已成为各国普遍面临的综合性安全挑战。各国应在相互尊重、相互信任的基础上，加强国际合作，共同构建和平、安全、开放、合作的网络空间，实现各国的普遍安全。
Information
security has become a comprehensive security challenge for all nations.
Countries should, on the basis of mutual respect and mutual trust, strengthen
international cooperation, work together to create a peaceful, secure, open and
cooperative cyberspace, and ensure the security of all countries.
中方是信息安全的坚定维护者，支持国际社会加强信息安全的努力。中方认为，信息和通信技术应用于促进经济和社会发展及人类福祉，应有助于促进国际和平与稳定，反对网络战和网络军备竞赛。中方支持在遵守各国法律的前提下维护信息自由流动，反对利用网络干涉别国内政。中方认为互联网对于各国经济社会发展至关重要，主张逐步实现国际互联网公平、民主治理。
China
firmly upholds information security and supports the international efforts to
bolster information security. China maintains that information and
communications technologies should be used to advance economic and social
development and human well-being, and to promote world peace and stability.
China opposes cyber war or cyber arms race. We support protection of the free
flow of information in accordance with national laws and oppose using
cyberspace to interfere in other countries’ internal affairs. China recognizes
the essential role of the Internet in the economic and social development of
all countries and stands for incremental achievement of fair and democratic
governance of the Internet.
制定网络空间国际规则，指导和规范各方特别是国家在网络空间的行为，对实现上述目标至关重要。为此，中国、俄罗斯、塔吉克斯坦、乌兹别克斯坦、吉尔吉斯斯坦和哈萨克斯坦向联大共同提交了“信息安全国际行为准则”草案，为相关国际讨论提供基础。中方愿与国际社会继续共同努力，在“准则”草案基础上尽快达成共识，维护国际社会的共同利益。
In
this connection, it is crucial to formulate international rules on cyberspace
to guide and regulate the behavior of all parties in cyberspace, especially
that of states. To this end, China, Russia, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan
and Kazakhstan have jointly proposed a draft resolution on international code
of conduct on information security at the UN General Assembly, which may serve
as a foundation for relevant international discussions. China will continue to
work with the international community to build on the draft resolution and
reach consensus at an early date to safeguard the common interests of the
international community.
中方认为，联合国应在解决网络安全方面发挥领导作用。联合国信息安全问题政府专家组2013年6月达成的报告，确立了和平利用网络空间的总体目标及网络空间主权原则。中方对此表示欢迎，并将继续积极支持联合国框架内的相关努力，以早日达成网络空间国家行为规范，促进各国务实合作，切实维护网络空间安全。
China
recognizes the leading role of the United Nations in safeguarding cyber
security. China welcomes the report of the Group of Governmental Experts on the
Issue of Information Security drafted in June 2013, which identified the
overall goal of peaceful use of cyberspace and the principle of state
sovereignty in cyberspace. China will continue to support relevant efforts
within the United Nations framework to establish the code of conduct for
countries in cyberspace at an early date, promote practical cooperation among
countries and earnestly safeguard cyber security.
（六）军事透明问题 6.
Military Transparency
中国重视军事透明问题，致力于增进与世界各国的军事互信。从2007年起，中国参加了联合国军费透明制度，并恢复参加联合国常规武器登记册。中国还以建设性态度积极参与了联合国常规武器登记册政府专家组工作。
China
attaches importance to military transparency and is committed to enhancing
mutual trust in the military field with other countries. In 2007, China joined
the UN Standardized Instrument for Reporting Military Expenditures and returned
to the UN Register of Conventional Arms. China has taken a constructive and
active part in the work of the Group of Governmental Experts on the United
Nations Register of Conventional Arms.
（七）军控领域的人道主义问题 7.
Humanitarian Issues in the Field of Arms Control
中国重视军控领域的人道主义问题，积极致力于增强《特定常规武器公约》及所附议定书的普遍性和有效性。中国积极参与国际扫雷援助活动，努力帮助有关国家摆脱雷患困扰。中国以积极、建设性态度参加《武器贸易条约》谈判进程。中方愿与各方一道，继续共同致力于规范国际武器贸易。中国支持打击轻小武器非法贸易的国际努力，认真落实联合国轻小武器《行动纲领》和《识别与追查非法小武器国际文书》。
China
attaches importance to the humanitarian issues in the field of arms control and
actively commits itself to enhancing the universality and effectiveness of the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons
(CCW) and its Protocols. China has actively engaged in international de-mining
assistance and helped free relevant countries from the plague of landmines.
China has been an active and constructive participant in the Arms Trade Treaty
negotiation process. China is ready to make continued efforts with all parties
to regulate international arms trade. China supports the international efforts
in combating illicit trade in small arms and light weapons and earnestly
implements the United Nations Program of
Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and
Light Weapons in All Its Aspects and the
International Instrument to Enable States to Identify and Trace, in a Timely
and Reliable Manner, Illicit Small Arms and Light Weapons. |
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