四、重点领域和优先方向 IV. Key
Areas and Priorities
（一）消除贫困和饥饿。贫困和饥饿问题不仅严重阻碍发展中国家经济发展和社会进步，也是地区冲突、恐怖主义蔓延和环境恶化等问题的根源之一。消除贫困事关各国人民最基本的生存和发展权利，是各国尤其是发展中国家经济和社会发展的首要考量，应作为2015年后发展议程的核心目标。政府应加大减贫投入力度，加强贫困人口、弱势群体和妇女儿童的能力建设，鼓励企业、社会团体等共同参与减贫事业。
(I) Eradicating poverty and
hunger. Poverty and hunger not only greatly impede economic and social progress
in developing countries, but also constitute a root cause for conflict,
terrorism and environmental degradation. Poverty eradication is essential to
the most fundamental right of people to subsistence and development, and is a
primary task for all countries, developing countries in particular. Hence, it
should be listed as the central goal in the Development Agenda beyond 2015.
Governments should scale up investment in poverty eradication, strengthen
capacity-building for the poor, vulnerable groups, women and children, and
encourage the participation of private sector and civil society in this regard.
（二）全面推进社会进步并改善民生。推动社会包容性发展，坚持以人为本，着力保障所有人均能共享发展成果。积极应对老龄化挑战，关注老年人的各项需求。保障每个人受教育的权利，促进教育公平，提高教育质量，实现更高水平的普及教育。建立完善的基本医疗保障制度，促进基本医疗卫生服务的公平性和可及性，提高服务水平和效率。促进妇女全面发展，提高妇女儿童健康水平，提高人口素质，促进人口长期均衡发展。建立完善的社会保障机制，提高弱势群体的发展能力。
(II) Promoting social progress
and improving people’s livelihood. Countries should push for inclusive social
progress, always put people first and ensure that development fruits are shared
by all. The challenges of an aging population should be responded and the needs
of senior citizens should be taken care of. Countries should guarantee people’s
right to education, promote equity and improve quality of education. A sound
basic health care system should be established that make basic medical and
health services more equitable and accessible, and raise the quality and
efficiency of these services. Countries should provide equal opportunities to
women, improve health of women and children, raise population quality and
promote long-term and balanced demographic growth. A sound social security
system should be put into place so as to protect vulnerable groups.
（三）促进经济包容性增长。政府应将促进经济增长作为优先目标，不断增加居民收入，提高居民生活水平。把促进就业放在经济社会发展的优先位置，推动实现更高质量就业。维护并加强多边贸易体制，共同营造公平、公正、开放的全球贸易体系，推进贸易投资自由化和便利化，消除贸易和投资壁垒，反对和抵制各种形式的保护主义。加强全球经济治理，增加发展中国家在全球治理体系中的代表性和发言权，建立公平、公正、包容、有序的国际经济金融体系，使经济发展的成果普遍惠及世界各国人民。
(III) Encouraging inclusive
economic growth. Governments should make economic growth a priority task, and
increase people’s income and improve their living standards. Employment should
be high on the economic and social development agenda, aiming for employment of
better quality. The international community should strengthen the multilateral
trading system and jointly create a fair, just and open environment for trade,
advance trade and investment liberalization and facilitation, remove trade and
investment barriers, and oppose and resist all forms of protectionism. Efforts
should be made to accelerate the reform of global economic governance by
increasing the representation and voice of developing countries, and establish
a fair, just, inclusive and orderly international economic and financial system
so that people of all countries can benefit equally from global economic
development.
（四）加强生态文明建设，促进可持续发展。生态文明建设关系人类生存发展及子孙后代长远大计。应树立尊重自然、顺应自然、保护自然的生态文明理念，增强节约意识、环保意识和生态意识，形成合理消费的理念和生活方式。坚持节约资源，保护环境。坚持共同但有区别的责任原则、公平原则和各自能力原则，积极应对全球气候变化。保护生物多样性，维护全球生态安全。提高森林覆盖率，合理利用森林资源。控制空气污染，安全处置危险废物。保障城乡居民饮水安全，合理配置、高效利用水资源，推进水循环利用，同时加强防洪抗旱减灾体系建设。加强海洋环境保护，合理利用海洋资源。
(IV) Enhancing ecological
conservation and promoting sustainable development. Ecological conservation is
crucial to human survival and the development of our next generation. Countries
should respect and protect nature, raise public awareness about avoiding waste,
environmental protection and ecological conservation, and encourage a
sustainable pattern of consumption and production. The international community
should vigorously address global climate change in accordance with the
principles of common but differentiated responsibilities, equity and respective
capabilities. Countries should preserve biological diversity and uphold global ecological
security, through efforts such as expanding forest coverage, harnessing forest
resources rationally, controlling air pollution, treating hazardous waste
safely, ensuring safe drinking water for both urban and rural residents,
allocating and using water resources efficiently, promoting water recycling and
reuse, and reinforcing the disaster relief facilities against flood and
drought. Efforts should also be taken for protection of the marine environment
and the rational use of marine resources.
（五）加强全球发展伙伴关系。应建立更加平等均衡的全球发展伙伴关系，致力于促进共同繁荣与发展，其核心仍是南北合作，南南合作是南北合作的有益补充。应加强发展筹资，发挥南北合作的主渠道作用。发达国家应履行官方发展援助的承诺，切实提供发展援助，加大对发展中国家尤其是非洲国家和最不发达国家支持力度。发展中国家应继续加强南南合作，团结互助，共谋发展。
(V) Enhancing the global
development partnership. A new global development partnership should be
established for common prosperity and development. North-South cooperation
remains as the core of this partnership and South-South cooperation is a useful
supplement to North-South cooperation. Development financing should be enhanced
with North-South cooperation serving as the main channel. Developed countries
should honor their Official Development Assistance commitments, provide
development assistance, and scale up their support for developing countries,
especially African and Least Developed Countries. Developing countries should
further enhance South-South cooperation, help each other in the spirit of
solidarity, and pursue common development.
五、实施手段 V. Means
of Implementation
2015年后发展议程应建立完善的实施机制，保障发展资源，确保目标得以实现。
There should be a sound
implementation mechanism for the Development
Agenda beyond 2015 to ensure development resources and attainment of the
goals.
——充分发挥联合国的核心领导和组织协调作用。应强化联合国的政策指导和统筹协调职能，协调指导各有关机构、多边机制和条约机制，采取步调一致的措施，推进国际发展合作。应坚持以成员国为主导，同时注意听取其他利益攸关方的建设性意见。
―Give full play to the UN in
leading the organization and coordination of the development agenda. The UN
should provide policy guidance to and coordinate among relevant international
institutions, multilateral organization and treaty bodies for concerted steps
to advance international development cooperation. While maintaining a
country-led process, it is necessary to hear the constructive views of other
stakeholders.
——加强发展筹资力度。广泛凝聚全球、区域和国家层面的政治意愿，为全面实现发展目标动员发展资源。发达国家应兑现其官方发展援助的承诺。各国也应调动内部资源，增加发展投入。
―Intensify development financing.
To mobilize development resources calls for extensive pooling of political will
at global, regional and national levels. Developed countries should meet their
ODA commitments, developing countries need to mobilize domestic resources to
increase investment in development.
——建立健全向发展中国家转让发展技术的机制。推动并支持满足发展中国家实际需求的科技研发、传播和转让，利用科技促进发展。
―Establish and improve mechanisms
for technology transfer. It is imperative to promote and support the R&D,
dissemination and transfer of technologies that meet the actual needs of
developing countries.
——加强人力资源开发和机构能力建设，通过培训、经验交流、知识转让、技术援助等多种形式，加强能力建设。
―Enhance human resources
development and institutional capacity building through training, experience
sharing, knowledge transfer and technical assistance.
——加强南南合作，鼓励和支持发展中国家在南南合作框架下，继续互帮互助，分享发展经验，补充南北合作，实现共同发展。
―Strengthen South-South cooperation,
encourage and support developing countries to help each other and share
development experience within the South-South cooperation framework to
supplement North-South cooperation and realize common development.
六、中国的实践 VI.
China’s Practices
中国在落实千年发展目标方面取得了巨大成就，已提前7年完成了减少贫困、饥饿、文盲、降低婴儿和五岁以下儿童死亡率等目标。中国是第一个提前实现减贫目标的发展中国家，中国减贫成果加速了全球减贫进程，为世界减贫事业作出了巨大贡献。中国所有省、自治区和直辖市已全面普及九年义务教育。中国5岁以下儿童、婴儿死亡率稳步降低，城乡妇女儿童健康指标差距逐步缩小。中国降低孕产妇死亡率、防治艾滋病和肺结核病等方面落实工作已进入正轨。中国政府仍致力于积极落实千年发展目标。
China has made significant
progress in implementing the MDGs and met several goals seven years ahead of
schedule, including poverty reduction, combating hunger, universal primary
education, and reducing under-five and infant mortality rate. China is the first
developing country to achieve the poverty reduction goal ahead of schedule. It
has helped to accelerate the global poverty reduction process and greatly
contributed to global endeavor on poverty eradication. The nine-year compulsory
education has been made available in all provinces, autonomous regions, and
municipalities. Under-five and infant mortality rate has declined steadily, and
urban-rural gap in women and children health indicators has gradually narrowed.
Efforts on reducing maternal mortality rate, HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis
prevention and control are moving on the right track. China remains committed
to implementing the MDGs.
中国政府一直高度重视发展问题。中国政府将实现千年发展目标的努力有机融入到以全面建成小康社会为目标的国家总体发展战略，结合自身国情，一切从实际出发，贯彻落实科学发展观，致力于推动经济、社会和生态环境均衡发展。
China attaches great importance
to the development issue. Implementation of the MDGs has been incorporated into
the national development strategy that aims to build a moderately prosperous
society in all respects. In light of China’s national conditions, the Chinese
government has applied the Scientific Outlook on Development, which stresses
putting people first and aiming at comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable
development, and achieving balanced progress in the economic, social and
ecological fields.
我们坚持以经济建设为中心，不断扩大内需。通过提高居民收入特别是农民和城市低收入群体的收入，完善社会保障，改善消费环境等措施，增强消费需求对经济增长的拉动作用。坚持推进经济结构的战略性调整，加强农业基础地位，走新型工业化道路，加快发展服务业，依靠科技创新推动产业升级，同步推进工业化、信息化、城镇化和农业现代化，促进区域协调互动发展，努力形成城乡发展一体化新格局。
China continues to keep to the
central task of economic development and continuously expand domestic demand,
aiming at increasing individual income, especially income of farmers and
low-income urban groups, and improving social security and consumption
environment, thus to make consumer demand play a bigger role in driving
economic growth. China is in a process of strategic restructuring of the
economic structure, strengthening the fundamental role of agriculture, pursuing
a new model of industrialization, and expediting the development of the service
sector. China is promoting industrial upgrading through scientific and
technological innovation, advanced industrialization, IT application,
urbanization and agricultural modernization all at the same time, pursuing
balanced and mutually reinforcing development between regions, and pushing for
integrated urban-rural development.
我们坚持推进基本公共服务均等化，提高政府保障能力，建立健全符合中国国情、比较完善、覆盖城乡、可持续的基本公共服务体系。实施就业优先战略，贯彻劳动者自主择业、市场调节就业、政府促进就业和鼓励创业的方针，努力实现充分就业。全面建成覆盖城乡居民的社会保障体系，完善社会保险制度、社会救助体系和基本医疗卫生制度。优化妇女发展环境，推动妇女平等参与经济社会发展，平等享有发展成果。
China is steadily promoting equal
access to basic public services, enhancing government’s capacity in providing
social security and seeking to establish a sound and sustainable basic public
service system that meets China’s national conditions and covers both urban and
rural areas. China is implementing a job-first strategy and the policy of
promoting self-reliant employment, market-regulated employment and
government-backed employment and business start-ups in an effort to achieve
full employment. China has put in place a social security system that covers
urban and rural residents and improved the social insurance system, social aid
system and basic medical and health care system. China will continue to improve
the environment for women’s development, and promote women’s equal
participation in economic and social development and equal share in development
fruits.
我们坚持节约资源和保护环境的基本国策，积极应对气候变化，实行节能减排目标责任制，淘汰落后的高耗能、高污染生产能力，大力推广低碳、节能、环保技术和产品，发展循环经济，健全节能减排法律法规和标准，把资源节约和环境保护贯穿于生产、流通、消费、建设各领域各环节。加强水资源保护和管理，建设节水型社会。加大环境保护力度，完善城镇生活垃圾收运网络和污水处理设施，不断提高水质和空气质量。保护和修复自然生态，加强森林、湿地、荒漠等生态系统建设和生物多样性保护，加强自然保护区建设和管理。
China remains committed to the
basic state policy of conserving resources and protecting the environment.
China has taken measures to respond to climate change, put in place an
accountability system for meeting energy-saving and emission-reduction targets,
phase out energy-intensive and highly polluting production facilities, promote
low-carbon, energy-saving and environment-friendly technologies and products,
and pursue a circular economy. Laws, regulations and standards on energy-saving
and emission reduction have been strengthened. Resource conservation and
environmental protection have been integrated into each and every aspect of
production, circulation, consumption and construction. Protection and
management of water resources have been improved and water-saving society has
become a common understanding. China has intensified environmental protection
by improving the network for collecting and transporting urban household waste
and sewage treatment facilities, and raising water and air quality. Efforts
have also been made in protecting and rehabilitating the natural ecosystem,
strengthening the ecosystems of forest, wetland and desert and biodiversity
preservation, and improving the development and management of nature reserves.
尽管在经济社会发展方面取得了巨大成就，但中国仍是一个发展中国家，面临不少困难与挑战。发展不平衡、不协调、不可持续问题依然突出，科技创新能力不强，产业结构不合理，农业基础依然薄弱，资源环境约束加剧，制约科学发展的体制机制障碍较多，转变经济发展方式和调整经济结构任务艰巨。城乡区域发展差距和居民收入分配差距依然较大。为应对这些挑战，中国将继续深化改革，扩大对外开放，树立绿色、低碳发展理念，走可持续发展道路，确保到2020年实现全面建成小康社会目标。
Notwithstanding the achievements,
China remains a developing country confronted with huge difficulties and
challenges. Imbalance, lack of coordination and unsustainability in development
remains a significant problem. The capacity for scientific and technological
innovation is not strong enough, the industrial structure needs to be further
adjusted, and agricultural foundation is still weak. There are growing environmental
and resources constraints and systemic and institutional barriers that impede
the pursuit of development in a scientific way. China is facing an arduous task
to shift the growth model and adjust the economic structure. There is uneven
urban-rural and regional development as well as income disparities. To tackle
these challenges, China will continue to deepen reform and opening up, embrace
the concept of green and low-carbon development and follow the path of
sustainable development to reach the goal of building of a moderately
prosperous society in all respects by 2020.
作为最大的发展中国家，中国始终奉行互利共赢的开放战略，践行团结互助的精神，不断加强与各国互利合作，在南南合作框架下向其他发展中国家提供力所能及的援助，为推动其他发展中国家落实千年发展目标、实现共同发展作出了贡献。中国愿继续与世界各国分享发展经验，包容互鉴，促进共同发展，为推动建设一个更加和谐、繁荣的世界共同努力。
As the largest developing country, China has been committed to a win-win strategy of opening up and the spirit of unity and mutual help. China has increased mutually beneficial cooperation with other countries, provided assistance to other developing countries within the framework of South-South cooperation and helped other developing countries in meeting the MDGs and achieving common development. China will continue to share development experience with other countries, follow the principles of inclusiveness and mutual learning, promote common development and work with other countries towards a more harmonious and prosperous world. |
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