新疆生产建设兵团的历史与发展（中英对照白皮书2014）

二、职责与体制

II. Responsibilities and Structure

新疆生产建设兵团是新疆维吾尔自治区的重要组成部分。兵团承担着国家赋予的屯垦戍边职责，实行党政军企合一体制，是在自己所辖垦区内，依照国家和新疆维吾尔自治区的法律、法规，自行管理内部行政、司法事务，在国家实行计划单列的特殊社会组织，受中央政府和新疆维吾尔自治区双重领导。

Constituting as it does an important part of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, the XPCC assumes the responsibilities entrusted to it by the state of cultivating and guarding the border areas, and operates an administrative system with unified Party, government, military, and enterprise roles. It is a special social organization that handles its own administrative and judicial affairs within the reclamation areas under its administration, in accordance with the laws and regulations of the state and Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, with economic planning directly supervised by the state. It is subordinated to the dual leadership of the central government and Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region.

屯垦戍边是国家赋予兵团的职责。兵团的“屯垦”，以现代农业开发为基础，同时大力发展第二、第三产业，着重保护和改善生态环境，促进新疆的社会进步与民族团结。兵团的“戍边”，一方面守卫国家边防，另一方面维护国家统一和新疆社会稳定，防范和打击恐怖势力的犯罪破坏活动。20世纪80年代后，分裂势力、宗教极端势力、暴力恐怖势力等“三股势力”及其破坏活动成为影响新疆社会稳定、危害国家统一的严重威胁，兵团戍边的重点转移到防范和打击“三股势力”破坏活动的任务上。

In the course of fulfilling its responsibility to cultivate the border areas, the XPCC has focused on modern agricultural development while expanding secondary and tertiary industries, with emphatic efforts toward protecting and improving the ecological environment and promoting social progress and unity among ethnic groups in Xinjiang. In its endeavor to guard the border areas, the XPCC has strengthened national border defense while maintaining national unity and Xinjiang’s social stability, and guarding against and cracking down on criminal sabotage activities by terrorist forces. Since the 1980s separatist, religious extremist and terrorist forces and their sabotage activities have become a major threat to national unity and to Xinjiang’s social stability. They are hence the focus of the work of the XPCC in guarding the border areas.

1990年中央政府批准兵团在国家实行计划单列。兵团在继续作为新疆维吾尔自治区的重要组成部分、接受自治区领导的同时，逐渐由中央政府有关部门对口管理。这种双重领导体制的建立，是兵团行政隶属关系上的创造性变革，有利于中央与自治区对兵团的协调领导，有利于兵团履行肩负的各项职责，理顺了兵团与国家机关各部门的关系，进一步推动了兵团事业的发展。多年来，中央政府对兵团在公共服务和公共安全、教科文卫、农林水事务等领域给予政策支持和资金投入，为兵团经济社会发展注入了强大的活力和新的生命力。

In 1990 the central government approved the placing of XPCC economic planning under direct state supervision. The XPCC remains an important component of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and is subject to its leadership while under the management of relevant departments of the central government. The adoption of such a dual leadership system signifies an innovative reform in the Corps’ administrative subordination, one which facilitates the coordination of leadership over the Corps between the central government and the autonomous region government, and the Corps’ fulfillment of its responsibilities, and betters the relations between the Corps and relevant departments of the central authorities, thus promoting the Corps’ development. Over the years, the central government has granted policy support and funding to the XPCC in the fields of public services, public security, education, science and technology, culture, health, agriculture, forestry, and water conservancy, so injecting great energy and new vitality into the economic and social development of the XPCC.

兵团实行党政军企高度统一的特殊管理体制。兵团各级都建有中国共产党的组织，发挥着对兵团各项事业的领导作用。兵团设有行政机关和政法机关，自行管理内部行政、司法事务。兵团是一个“准军事实体”，设有军事机关和武装机构，沿用兵团、师、团、连等军队建制和司令员、师长、团长、连长等军队职务称谓，涵养着一支以民兵为主的武装力量。兵团也称为“中国新建集团公司”，是集农业、工业、交通、建筑、商业，承担经济建设任务的国有大型企业。兵团的党、政、军、企四套领导机构与四项职能合为一体。

The XPCC operates a special administrative system with unified Party, government, military, and enterprise roles. Party organizations have been set up at each level of the Corps to exercise leadership over all its undertakings. The XPCC has administrative and judicial organs to handle its specific administrative and judicial affairs. The Corps is a paramilitary entity with military organs and armed forces units wherein the militias are the mainstay. It is organized in a military structure of corps, divisions, regiments, and companies, whose commanders have corresponding military titles. The XPCC, also known as the China Xinjian Group, is a large state-owned enterprise engaged in agriculture, industry, transport, building, and commerce, and at the same time assumes state assigned economic tasks. The XPCC’s leadership combines the functions of the Party, government, military, and enterprise.

兵团全面融入新疆社会，所属师、团场及企事业单位分布于新疆维吾尔自治区各地（州）、市、县（市）行政区内，主要由兵团自上而下地实行统一领导和垂直管理。在战略地位重要、团场集中连片、经济基础好、发展潜力大的垦区，设有7个“师市合一”的新疆维吾尔自治区直辖县级市和5个“团（场）镇合一”的建制镇，由兵团实行统一分级管理。“师和市”、“团（场）和镇”党政机构设置均实行“一个机构、两块牌子”。

The XPCC has fully integrated into Xinjiang society. Its division and regimental farms, subordinate enterprises and public institutions, administered by the Corps in a top-down model of leadership and vertical management, are widely distributed in the prefectures, cities, and counties of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. In reclamation areas, which feature important strategic positions, concentrated distribution of regimental farms, considerable economic strength, and great development potential, the XPCC has set up seven county-level divisions/cities directly administered by Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and five regiments/towns, which are administered by the Corps at different levels. Each division/city or regiment/town has Party leadership and government administration functions integrated into one unit.