新疆生产建设兵团的历史与发展（中英对照白皮书2014）

四、维稳戍边与促进民族团结

IV. Safeguard the Frontier, Maintain Stability, and Promote Ethnic Unity

新疆陆地边境线漫长，戍守边防是国家赋予兵团的重要职责。兵团从组建开始，就是一支高度组织化的准军事力量。多年来，兵团坚持亦兵亦民、劳武结合、兵民合一，拥有一支数量足够、素质较高的民兵武装力量和兵团武警部队，一手拿枪，一手拿镐，与军队、武警和各族群众建立起边境安全联防体系，在维护国家统一和新疆社会稳定、打击暴力恐怖犯罪活动中发挥出特殊作用。

Xinjiang has a long border, and safeguarding it is the responsibility the state has entrusted to the XPCC. A highly organized paramilitary force since its founding, the XPCC has for many years shouldered both production and military duties, every member assuming the dual role of soldier and worker. The XPCC has strong militia and armed police forces whose members are capable of both combat and production. Together with the army groups, police force, and local residents of various ethnic groups of Xinjiang, the XPCC has built a strong border joint defense system. It has played a special role in safeguarding the country’s unification and Xinjiang’s social stability and in cracking down on violent terrorist crimes.

兵团的边境团场是戍边的重要力量。兵团对边境团场实行团场包面、连队包片、民兵包点的生产与守边双承包责任制，实行兵团值班民兵连队与当地驻军、武警和地方民兵四位一体的军民联防机制，共同维护国家边防安全。按照国家的战略部署，兵团不断加强边境团场建设的力度。从2000年起，兵团在边境团场实施以危旧房改造、饮水、交通、文化、就医、电视广播、环境卫生等为重点的“金边工程”，发挥区位优势实施沿边对外开放，开展区域对外经贸、文化交流合作，进一步改善了职工群众的生产生活条件，增强了边境团场的凝聚力、吸引力，提升了边境团场戍边的综合实力。

Frontier regimental farms are important forces in border security. The XPCC adopts the production and defense liability system, in which regimental farms take charge of entire areas, companies take charge of subareas, and individual militias are responsible for their own lots. The XPCC also sets up the “four-in-one” joint defense system, wherein stationed troops, armed police, local militias, and XPCC on-duty militias work together to safeguard China’s border security. The XPCC has constantly strengthened frontier regimental farms in accordance with China’s strategic deployment. Since 2000 the XPCC has carried out the “Jinbian Project,” which focuses on improving drinking water, transportation, medical services, broadcast networks, the environment and sanitation, promoting culture, and renovating dilapidated houses. It has made full use of geographical advantages to open up border areas and promote foreign trade and cultural exchanges. It has also improved local residents’ working and living conditions, and increased the solidarity, attractiveness, and overall strength of border regimental farms.

维护新疆稳定是兵团的重要职责，也是实现长治久安的现实需要。20世纪80年代以来，“三股势力”破坏活动对新疆社会稳定的危害日益凸显。针对这种情况，根据统一部署，兵团所属师、团、连和企事业单位建立了应急民兵营、连、排，随时应对各种暴力恐怖突发事件。在反恐维稳斗争中，兵团发挥了特殊作用。尤其是1990年阿克陶县巴仁乡“4·5”事件、1997年伊宁“2·5”事件发生后，兵团民兵发挥熟悉情况、就近就便的优势，快速反应、迅速出击，与武警部队和各族群众携手联动，共同打击暴恐犯罪，维护了社会稳定。2009年乌鲁木齐“7·5”事件发生后，兵团迅速组织民兵担负起执勤、巡逻和对重点目标的守卫任务。当前，兵团正着力建设全国一流民兵队伍，建立融生产、训练、执勤、应急于一体的民兵常态化轮训备勤机制。

The XPCC’s crucial task to maintain Xinjiang’s stability is also a factual need to realize lasting peace and stability. Since the 1980s the threat of the “three forces” - separatists, religious extremists and terrorists - to Xinjiang’s social stability has grown. To confront this threat, divisions, regiments, companies, enterprises, and public institutions under the XPCC have established emergency militia battalions, companies, and platoons that enable it to respond rapidly to outbursts of violent terrorist activities. The XPCC has played crucial roles in fighting terrorism and maintaining stability, especially in the April 5 riot in Barin Township, Akto County of 1990 and the February 5 Yining incident of 1997. Familiar with the situation, and located close to these sites, the XPCC militias struck swiftly and joined hands with armed police and residents of various ethnic groups in cracking down on violent terrorist crimes, so maintaining social stability. In rapid response to the July 5 Urumqi riot of 2009, the XPCC sent militias to patrol the city and guard key districts from possible attacks. At present, the XPCC is focusing its efforts on forging a top militia force in China, and building a system of regular rotation training and standby duty, which combines production, training, duty performance, and emergency response.

新疆是多民族地区，民族团结是国家统一和新疆社会稳定的最长远的根本问题。兵团高度融入新疆社会，长期与地方各民族毗邻而居、和睦相处、守望相助，构成各民族相互交往交流交融的“嵌入式”社会发展模式，做到了边疆同守、资源共享、优势互补、共同繁荣。60年来，兵团坚持为新疆各族人民服务的宗旨，积极支援地方建设，为各族群众办好事、办实事。兵团医疗机构常年组织医疗队深入地方农村、牧区开展巡回医疗，防病治病，送医送药。兵团在修建各种水利、道路等工程时，同时考虑地方各族人民的利益，使兴修的各项工程成为兵地双方受益的“两利工程”。20世纪50年代，为支持新疆工业发展，兵团把已经建设起来的规模较大的一批工交建商企业无偿移交给地方。60年代中期，兵团每年拿出800多万元人民币专项资金帮助地方进行农田规划建设。80年代初兵团恢复后，连续5年投资9000多万元人民币，支援喀什、塔城等地区兴办农田水利建设，并与地方共建文明单位400多个。90年代以来，帮助地方建设“双语”幼儿园和“双语”学校，培训“双语”教师。1999年开始，连续14年在北疆7个师的57个团场，接收来自南疆四地州32个县（市）15批2156名基层少数民族干部挂职锻炼培训。进入21世纪后，兵团与地方大力发展融合经济，建立起经济联合体87个，合作项目200多个。兵团还常年抽调大批科技人员，为地方举办种植、养殖、农机等各类培训班，向各族农牧民传授和推广各类先进技术。兵地相互支援、融合发展，促进了各民族交往交流交融。

Xinjiang is a multi-ethnic region, and ethnic unity has been fundamental to preserving long-term national unification and social stability in the region. Closely integrated with local communities, the XPCC lives in harmony with all ethnic groups, with whom it shares mutual support and assistance. Together they have formed an “embedded-type” social development framework under which all ethnic groups communicate on a regular basis and integrate. They have defended the frontier and the state at large, shared resources, made their respective advantages complementary, and realized common prosperity. Over the past six decades, the XPCC, abiding by the principle of serving all ethnic groups in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, has proactively supported local construction, accomplished many good things for local residents, and resolved many problems in a down-to-earth manner. Medical institutions under the XPCC provide touring medical services to local villages and pasturing areas all year round, treating diseases and administering medicines. When building roads and water conservancy projects, the XPCC goes to great lengths to ensure that these projects are of benefit to both itself and the region. In the 1950s, to support industrial development in Xinjiang, the XPCC transferred, at no cost, to local governments a number of large-scale industrial, construction, transport, and commercial enterprises upon which it had embarked. In the mid-1960s the XPCC appropriated a special fund of more than RMB 8 million each year to aid local areas in farmland planning and construction. After its reinstatement in the early 1980s, the XPCC invested more than RMB 90 million over five consecutive years to support Kashgar and Tacheng’s establishment of irrigation and water conservancy projects, and co-built with local governments more than 400 model institutions. Since the 1990s the XPCC has helped local governments to build bilingual kindergartens and schools and train bilingual teachers. Since 1999, 57 regimental farms under seven divisions in northern Xinjiang have provided training sessions and temporary posts to 15 groups of 2,156 grassroots ethnic minority officials from 32 counties (cities) in four prefectures in southern Xinjiang. Since the turn of the century, the XPCC has vigorously promoted “convergenomics,” working together with the local communities in building 87 economic complexes and engaging in more than 200 cooperative projects. Throughout each year it has also assigned scientific and technological personnel to hold various training sessions on farming, animal husbandry, and agricultural machinery, and to promote a broad range of advanced technologies among local farmers and herdsmen of all ethnic groups. Mutual support and integrated development between the XPCC and local governments have promoted contact and exchanges among all ethnic groups.

兵团有汉、维、哈、回、蒙古、锡伯、俄罗斯、塔吉克、满等37个民族，少数民族人口达37.54万人，占总人口的13.9%，有37个少数民族聚居团场。兵团把加快少数民族聚居团场发展作为改善民生的重中之重，加大政策支持和扶贫开发力度。近年来，兵团共实施少数民族聚居团场建设项目114个，总投资10.8亿元人民币，项目涉及城镇基础设施建设、安居工程、设施农业、畜牧养殖业等多个领域。2012年，兵团37个少数民族聚居团场实现生产总值111.03亿元，比上年增长42.8%，比兵团平均水平高出24.4个百分点。

The XPCC is a mosaic of people from 37 ethnic groups, including the Han, Uyghur, Kazak, Hui, Mongolian, Xibe, Russian, Tajik, and Manchu. The population of ethnic minorities has reached 375,400, taking up 13.9% of the Corps’ total. There are 37 regimental farms inhabited predominantly by ethnic minority groups. With accelerating the development of these regimental farms as its top priority, the XPCC has enhanced policy support and poverty relief. In recent years the XPCC has launched 114 construction projects on these farms, with a total investment of RMB 1.08 billion, covering such fields as urban infrastructure, low-income housing projects, facility agriculture, and animal husbandry. In 2012 the total output value of these 37 regimental farms reached RMB 11.103 billion, up 42.8% over the previous year, and 24.4 percentage points higher than the average level in the XPCC.

兵团全面贯彻国家的民族宗教政策，促进宗教和谐，尊重和保护少数民族风俗习惯，倡导民族和谐发展、文化共同繁荣、民俗相互尊重。多民族聚居的状况，使兵团具备了传播先进文化、弘扬中华文化，不断吸纳融合新疆民族文化，在边疆地区促进一体多元中华民族文化发展的基础。在兵团，文化的相互交流进一步增进了各民族成员之间的了解和认同，推进了新疆中华民族先进文化的建设，增强了边疆地区中华民族的凝聚力。

The XPCC fully implements China’s ethnic and religious policies, promotes religious harmony, respects and protects the customs of ethnic minority groups. It advocates harmonious development, common cultural prosperity, and respect for one another’s folkways among all ethnic groups. Being a part of this essential mosaic of people from different ethnic groups enables the XPCC to disseminate advanced culture, develop Chinese culture, constantly absorb Xinjiang ethnic culture and so promote the integration of diverse components of the Chinese culture in the border areas. Cultural exchanges within the XPCC have increased mutual understanding among people of different ethnic groups, facilitated the development of an advanced Chinese culture in Xinjiang, and enhanced cohesion of the Chinese nation in China’s border areas.

斗转星移，兵团走过了不平凡的60年。

The seasons change fast, and 60 eventful years have passed since the founding of the XPCC.

当前，中国各族人民正在为实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦而努力奋斗，新疆正处于实现社会稳定和长治久安的关键时期。支持兵团发展壮大是中央政府的一贯方针，发挥好兵团的维稳戍边特殊作用是国家的长远大计。新形势下，兵团建设只能加强不能削弱。

At present, all Chinese people are striving to realize the Chinese Dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, and Xinjiang is at a critical stage of achieving lasting social and political stability. It has been a consistent policy of the central government to support the growth of the XPCC, and it has been China’s long-term strategy to give better play to the unique role of the XPCC in maintaining stability and safeguarding the border. Under new conditions, the XPCC should never be allowed to weaken, but rather be strengthened.

兵团正处在新的历史起点上，兵团的发展面临前所未有的机遇。在新的历史时期，兵团要当好安边固疆的稳定器、凝聚各族群众的大熔炉、汇集先进生产力和先进文化的示范区，壮大实力，深化“兵地融合”发展，聚焦新疆社会稳定和长治久安总目标，履行好中央赋予的各项职能。

Standing at a new historical starting point, the XPCC is presented with unprecedented opportunities. In the new historical period, the XPCC must play its part as a stabilizer of frontier security and stability, a melting pot of all ethnic groups, and a demonstration zone for advanced productive forces and culture. It must reinforce itself, further its integration with the local society, be devoted to social stability and lasting peace in Xinjiang, and perform all its functions as entrusted by the central government.

有中央政府的坚强领导和支持，有全国人民的积极支援，有新疆维吾尔自治区和各族人民的大力帮助，有兵团60年发展打下的坚实基础，完全有理由相信，兵团的明天一定会更加美好！

With the strong leadership and support of the central government, proactive assistance from all the people in China, the great help of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and all ethnic groups, and the solid foundation laid over the past 60 years of its development, the XPCC is sure to embrace a better tomorrow.