三、全面推进能源消费方式变革
III. An All-Round Effort to Reform Energy Consumption文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/10292.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/10292.html
坚持节约资源和保护环境的基本国策，坚持节能优先方针，树立节能就是增加资源、减少污染、造福人类的理念，把节能贯穿于经济社会发展全过程和各领域。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/10292.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/10292.html
China perseveres with its fundamental national policy of conserving resources and protecting the environment. Prioritizing energy saving, it understands that energy conservation means increasing resources, reducing pollution, and benefiting humanity, and exercises energy saving throughout the whole process and in all areas of economic and social development.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/10292.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/10292.html
（一）实行能耗双控制度文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/10292.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/10292.html
1. Implementing a Dual Control System of Total Energy Consumption and Energy Intensity文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/10292.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/10292.html
实行能源消费总量和强度双控制度，按省、自治区、直辖市行政区域设定能源消费总量和强度控制目标，对各级地方政府进行监督考核。把节能指标纳入生态文明、绿色发展等绩效评价指标体系，引导转变发展理念。对重点用能单位分解能耗双控目标，开展目标责任评价考核，推动重点用能单位加强节能管理。
A dual control system of total energy consumption and energy intensity is in place. China sets the targets of total energy consumption and energy intensity for different provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government and applies oversight and checks over the performance of local governments at all levels. It has introduced the energy-saving index into the performance evaluation system of eco-environmental progress and green development, to guide the transformation of the development philosophy. It breaks down the dual control targets of total energy consumption and energy intensity for key energy consumers, and evaluates their performance accordingly to strengthen energy-saving management.
（二）健全节能法律法规和标准体系
2. Improving Laws, Regulations and Standards for Energy Conservation
修订实施《节约能源法》，建立完善工业、建筑、交通等重点领域和公共机构节能制度，健全节能监察、能源效率标识、固定资产投资项目节能审查、重点用能单位节能管理等配套法律制度。强化标准引领约束作用，健全节能标准体系，实施百项能效标准推进工程，发布实施340多项国家节能标准，其中近200项强制性标准，实现主要高耗能行业和终端用能产品全覆盖。加强节能执法监督，强化事中事后监管，严格执法问责，确保节能法律法规和强制性标准有效落实。
China has revised the Energy Conservation Law. It has put in place an energy-saving system in key areas including industry, construction and transport as well as in public institutions. It continues to improve the supporting legal institutions for energy conservation supervision, energy-efficiency labeling, energy-saving checks on fixed assets investment projects, and energy conservation management of key energy consumers. It has strengthened standard-setting as a constraining factor and improved energy-saving standards system. It has carried out 100 projects to upgrade energy efficiency standards, enacted more than 340 national energy-saving standards, including almost 200 mandatory standards, covering most high energy-consuming industries and final energy consumption products. China has strengthened oversight over energy-saving law enforcement, reinforced operational and post-operational supervision, and exercised strict accountability for law enforcement to ensure the effective implementation of energy conservation laws, regulations, and mandatory standards.
（三）完善节能低碳激励政策
3. Improving Energy-Saving and Low-Carbon Incentives
实行促进节能的企业所得税、增值税优惠政策。鼓励进口先进节能技术、设备，控制出口耗能高、污染重的产品。健全绿色金融体系，利用能效信贷、绿色债券等支持节能项目。创新完善促进绿色发展的价格机制，实施差别电价、峰谷分时电价、阶梯电价、阶梯气价等，完善环保电价政策，调动市场主体和居民节能的积极性。在浙江等4省市开展用能权有偿使用和交易试点，在北京等7省市开展碳排放权交易试点。大力推行合同能源管理，鼓励节能技术和经营模式创新，发展综合能源服务。加强电力需求侧管理，推行电力需求侧响应的市场化机制，引导节约、有序、合理用电。建立能效“领跑者”制度，推动终端用能产品、高耗能行业、公共机构提升能效水平。
Corporate income tax and value-added tax incentives are awarded to energy-saving businesses. China encourages the imports of energy-saving technologies and equipment, and controls the exports of energy-intensive and heavy-polluting products. China is improving the green financial system, and makes use of energy efficiency credits and green bonds to support energy conservation projects. It is exploring new ground in pricing to advance green development. Differential pricing, time-of-use pricing, and tiered pricing for electricity and natural gas have been adopted. China is improving its policies of environment-friendly electricity pricing to arouse the enthusiasm of market entities and the public in energy conservation. It has conducted trials of paid use of and trading in energy-using right in four provinces and cities including Zhejiang, and carbon emissions trading in seven provinces and cities including Beijing. The government is promoting energy performance contracting (EPC) and developing integrated energy services, and encourages innovations in energy-saving technology and business models. It has strengthened the management of demand-side power use and implemented a market response mechanism to guide the economical, orderly and rational utilization of electricity. A “leader board” of best energy-savers has been put in place to increase the efficiency of final energy consumption products, energy-intensive industries, and public institutions.
（四）提升重点领域能效水平
4. Improving Energy Efficiency in Key Areas
积极优化产业结构，大力发展低能耗的先进制造业、高新技术产业、现代服务业，推动传统产业智能化、清洁化改造。推动工业绿色循环低碳转型升级，全面实施绿色制造，建立健全节能监察执法和节能诊断服务机制，开展能效对标达标。提升新建建筑节能标准，深化既有建筑节能改造，优化建筑用能结构。构建节能高效的综合交通运输体系，推进交通运输用能清洁化，提高交通运输工具能效水平。全面建设节约型公共机构，促进公共机构为全社会节能工作作出表率。构建市场导向的绿色技术创新体系，促进绿色技术研发、转化与推广。推广国家重点节能低碳技术、工业节能技术装备、交通运输行业重点节能低碳技术等。推动全民节能，引导树立勤俭节约的消费观，倡导简约适度、绿色低碳的生活方式，反对奢侈浪费和不合理消费。
China is doing all it can to optimize the industrial structure, develop advanced manufacturing, high-tech industry and modern services with low energy consumption, and promote the intelligent and clean transformation of traditional industries. China has sped up the transformation to green, recycling and low-carbon industry, and implemented green manufacturing on all fronts; put in place monitoring, law enforcement and diagnostic mechanisms for energy conservation, and carried out energy efficiency benchmarking; raised the energy-saving standards of new buildings, expanded the energy-saving renovation of existing buildings, and improved the structure of energy consumption in construction. It is developing a highly efficient and comprehensive transport system with lower energy consumption, promoting the use of clean energy in transport, and enhancing energy efficiency of vehicles and other means of transport. It is building energy-saving public institutions, to set an example for the rest of society. A market-oriented system of green technology innovation will be put in place to encourage the R&D, transfer and popularization of green technology. China is promoting national key energy-saving and low-carbon technologies, particularly for the transport sector, and energy-saving industrial equipment. The government encourages extensive public involvement in energy conservation, and is raising public awareness of frugality, promoting simple, modest, green and low-carbon lifestyles, and opposing extravagance and excessive consumption.
（五）推动终端用能清洁化
5. Promoting Clean Final Energy Consumption
以京津冀及周边地区、长三角、珠三角、汾渭平原等地区为重点，实施煤炭消费减量替代和散煤综合治理，推广清洁高效燃煤锅炉，推行天然气、电力和可再生能源等替代低效和高污染煤炭的使用。制定财政、价格等支持政策，积极推进北方地区冬季清洁取暖，促进大气环境质量改善。推进终端用能领域以电代煤、以电代油，推广新能源汽车、热泵、电窑炉等新型用能方式。加强天然气基础设施建设与互联互通，在城镇燃气、工业燃料、燃气发电、交通运输等领域推进天然气高效利用。大力推进天然气热电冷联供的供能方式，推进分布式可再生能源发展，推行终端用能领域多能协同和能源综合梯级利用。
Focusing on the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and its surrounding areas, the Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Delta and the Fenwei Plain (the Fenhe Plain, the Weihe Plain and their surroundings in the Yellow River Basin), China is working to reduce and find substitutes for coal consumption, and taking comprehensive measures to control the use of bulk coal. It is promoting clean and efficient coal-fired furnaces, and replacing inefficient and highly-polluting coal with natural gas, electricity and renewable energy. Now, fiscal and price policies are in place to support clean heating in winter in northern China to improve air quality. China is replacing coal and oil with electricity in final energy consumption, and popularizing new energy vehicles, heat pumps, electric furnaces, and other new forms of energy consumption. It has strengthened the development and connectivity of natural gas infrastructure, and made the use of natural gas more efficient in urban areas, as well as in industrial fuel, power generation, and transport. It is promoting natural gas CCHP (combined cooling heating and power), decentralized renewable energy, and multi-energy coordination and energy cascade use in final energy consumption.
