五、发挥科技创新第一动力作用
V. Leveraging the Role of Innovation as the Primary Driver of Development文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/10292.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/10292.html
抓住全球新一轮科技革命与产业变革的机遇，在能源领域大力实施创新驱动发展战略，增强能源科技创新能力，通过技术进步解决能源资源约束、生态环境保护、应对气候变化等重大问题和挑战。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/10292.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/10292.html
China has seized the opportunities presented by the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation. In the energy sector, it has implemented a strategy of innovation-driven development to increase its capacity for scientific and technological innovation and address major issues and challenges, such as energy resource constraints, environmental protection, and climate change, through advances in technology.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/10292.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/10292.html
（一）完善能源科技创新政策顶层设计文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/10292.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/10292.html
1. Improving Top Level Design for Energy Policies Relating to Scientific and Technological Innovation 文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/10292.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/10292.html
中国将能源作为国家创新驱动发展战略的重要组成部分，把能源科技创新摆在更加突出的地位。《国家创新驱动发展战略纲要》将安全清洁高效现代能源技术作为重要战略方向和重点领域。制定能源资源科技创新规划和面向2035年的能源、资源科技发展战略规划，部署了能源科技创新重大举措和重大任务，努力提升科技创新引领和支撑作用。制定能源技术创新规划和《能源技术革命创新行动计划（2016－2030年）》，提出能源技术创新的重点方向和技术路线图。深化能源科技体制改革，形成政府引导、市场主导、企业为主体、社会参与、多方协同的能源技术创新体系。加大重要能源领域和新兴能源产业科技创新投入，加强人才队伍建设，提升各类主体创新能力。
China has made energy a vital part of its innovation-driven development strategy, and given more prominence to innovation in energy science and technology. Modern energy technology that is safe, clean and of high efficiency is a key strategic sector and a national priority in the country’s “Outline of Innovation-driven Development Strategy”. Accordingly, China has drawn blueprints for sci-tech innovation in energy and resources, made strategic plans for scientific and technological development of the resources and energy industry till 2035, and proposed major measures and tasks for innovation in energy science and technology. These are all aimed to enhance the role of scientific and technological innovation in driving and underpinning the energy sector.
By making plans for technological innovation in energy and creating the “Innovation Action Plan of Energy Technological Revolution (2016-2030)”, China has charted the roadmap and identified its priorities. Through deeper reform, China is establishing an energy science and technology system in which technological innovation is directed by the government and led by the market, and engages the whole of society, with enterprises playing a major role and all stakeholders coordinating with each other. At the same time China has increased investment in scientific and technological innovation in key energy fields and emerging energy industries, stepped up efforts to cultivate professionals in these areas, and endeavored to help all entities involved to improve their capacity for innovation.
（二）建设多元化多层次能源科技创新平台
2. Creating Diversified Platforms for Technological Innovation in Energy at Various Levels
依托骨干企业、科研院所和高校，建成一批高水平能源技术创新平台，有效激发了各类主体的创新活力。布局建设40多个国家重点实验室和一批国家工程研究中心，重点围绕煤炭安全绿色智能开采、可再生能源高效利用、储能与分布式能源等技术方向开展相关研究，促进能源科技进步。布局建设80余个国家能源研发中心和国家能源重点实验室，围绕煤炭、石油、天然气、火电、核电、可再生能源、能源装备重点领域和关键环节开展研究，覆盖当前能源技术创新的重点领域和前沿方向。大型能源企业适应自身发展和行业需要，不断加强科技能力建设，形成若干专业领域、有影响力的研究机构。地方政府结合本地产业优势，采取多种方式加强科研能力建设。在“大众创业、万众创新”政策支持下，各类社会主体积极开展科技创新，形成了众多能源科技创新型企业。
On the strength of leading enterprises, research institutions and universities, China has created a number of high-standard platforms for technological innovation, and inspired enthusiasm for innovation among all parties involved. Amid efforts to promote scientific and technological advances in energy, China has established more than 40 key national laboratories and a group of national engineering research centers that focus on research into technologies for safe, green and intelligent coal mining, highly efficient use of renewable energy, energy storage, and decentralized energy systems. It has also built more than 80 national energy R&D centers and key national energy laboratories for research in the key areas of coal, oil, natural gas, coal-fired power, nuclear power, renewable energy and energy equipment, all of which cover the vital and frontier areas of energy innovation. Adapting to their own needs and the needs of the industry, large energy enterprises have made continuous efforts to build up their scientific and technological capacity, and have established some influential research institutions in their respective fields. In keeping with the industrial strengths of their regions, local governments have adopted various measures to expand their scientific and technological capacity. Encouraged by the policy of “public entrepreneurship and public innovation”, all entities in Chinese society are actively engaged in scientific and technological innovation, and a large number of new energy technology businesses have been established.
（三）开展能源重大领域协同科技创新
3. Promoting Coordinated Scientific and Technological Innovation in Key Realms of the Energy Sector
实施重大科技项目和工程，实现能源领域关键技术跨越式发展。聚焦国家重大战略产业化目标，实施油气科技重大专项，重点突破油气地质新理论与高效勘探开发关键技术，开展页岩油、页岩气、天然气水合物等非常规资源经济高效开发技术攻关。实施核电科技重大专项，围绕三代压水堆和四代高温气冷堆技术，开展关键核心技术攻关，持续推进核电自主创新。面向重大共性关键技术，部署开展新能源汽车、智能电网技术与装备、煤矿智能化开采技术与装备、煤炭清洁高效利用与新型节能技术、可再生能源与氢能技术等方面研究。面向国家重大战略任务，重点部署能源高效洁净利用与转化的物理化学基础研究，推动以基础研究带动应用技术突破。
China has implemented major scientific and technological initiatives and projects to achieve leapfrog development in key energy technologies. Focusing on its strategic industrial goals, China has rolled out a project on oil and gas technology whose emphasis is making breakthroughs in petroleum geology theory and key technologies for high-efficiency exploration and exploitation, as well as finding technology solutions to low-cost, high-efficiency exploitation of unconventional sources of energy, including shale oil, shale gas and gas hydrates. China has launched a project in nuclear power technology to advance research on core technologies of a third-generation pressurized water reactor and a fourth-generation high-temperature gas cooled reactor. The goal is to boost the country’s independent innovation in nuclear power technology. In the field of key generic technologies, China has planned for and carried out research into new energy vehicles, smart grid, smart coal mining, clean and efficient use of coal and new energy-saving technology, renewable energy and hydrogen energy, among others. To achieve its major strategic goals, China has given priority to research in basic physics and chemistry concerning clean and efficient use and conversion of energy, in the hope that advances in basic research will lead to breakthroughs in applied technologies.
（四）依托重大能源工程提升能源技术装备水平
4. Launching Major Energy Projects to Upgrade Energy Technologies and Equipment
在全球能源绿色低碳转型发展趋势下，加快传统能源技术装备升级换代，加强新兴能源技术装备自主创新，清洁低碳能源技术水平显著提升。依托重大装备制造和重大示范工程，推动关键能源装备技术攻关、试验示范和推广应用。完善能源装备计量、标准、检测和认证体系，提高重大能源装备研发、设计、制造和成套能力。围绕能源安全供应、清洁能源发展和化石能源清洁高效利用三大方向，着力突破能源装备制造关键技术、材料和零部件等瓶颈，推动全产业链技术创新。开展先进能源技术装备的重大能源示范工程建设，提升煤炭清洁智能采掘洗选、深水和非常规油气勘探开发、油气储运和输送、清洁高效燃煤发电、先进核电、可再生能源发电、燃气轮机、储能、先进电网、煤炭深加工等领域装备的技术水平。
In a global trend of transition to green and low-carbon development in the energy sector, China has accelerated the upgrading of conventional energy technologies and equipment, and is replacing them with new ones at a faster pace. It has redoubled efforts to make independent innovations in emerging energy technologies, and achieved a marked improvement in clean, low-carbon energy technologies. By launching major equipment manufacturing projects and major demonstration projects, China has made breakthroughs in the trials, demonstration, application and popularization of key energy technologies. It has improved the measurement, standard setting, testing, and certification systems of energy equipment, and built up its capacity to research, develop, design and manufacture complete sets of important energy equipment.
To achieve secure energy supply, develop clean energy, and encourage the clean, efficient use of fossil fuels, China concentrates on making breakthroughs in key technologies in energy equipment manufacturing, solving bottleneck issues involving materials and accessories, and promoting technological innovation along the whole industrial chain. China has launched major demonstration projects for advanced energy technologies and equipment in such fields as clean and intelligent coal mining, washing and selection, the exploration and exploitation of deep-water and unconventional oil and gas resources, oil and gas storage and transport, clean and efficient coal-fired power generation, advanced nuclear power technologies, power generation from renewable sources, gas turbine, energy storage, advanced power grid, and deep processing of coal.
（五）支持新技术新模式新业态发展
5. Supporting the Development of New Technologies and New Business Forms and Models
当前，世界正处在新科技革命和产业革命交汇点，新技术突破加速带动产业变革，促进能源新模式新业态不断涌现。大力推动能源技术与现代信息、材料和先进制造技术深度融合，依托“互联网+”智慧能源建设，探索能源生产和消费新模式。加快智能光伏创新升级，推动光伏发电与农业、渔业、牧业、建筑等融合发展，拓展光伏发电互补应用新空间，形成广泛开发利用新能源的新模式。加速发展绿氢制取、储运和应用等氢能产业链技术装备，促进氢能燃料电池技术链、氢燃料电池汽车产业链发展。支持能源各环节各场景储能应用，着力推进储能与可再生能源互补发展。支持新能源微电网建设，形成发储用一体化局域清洁供能系统。推动综合能源服务新模式，实现终端能源多能互补、协同高效。在试点示范项目引领和带动下，各类能源新技术、新模式、新业态持续涌现，形成能源创新发展的“聚变效应”。
The world now stands at the confluence of a new round of technological revolution and an industrial revolution. New technological breakthroughs have accelerated industrial transformation, giving rise to waves of new business forms and models in the energy sector. China has made strenuous efforts to integrate energy technologies with modern and advanced information, material and manufacturing technologies, and has rolled out the “Internet +” intelligent energy program to explore new models of energy production and consumption. It has stepped up efforts to innovate and upgrade intelligent solar PV power generation, integrate the development of solar PV power generation with agriculture, fishery, animal husbandry and construction, and open new space for the complimentary application of solar PV power generation, creating new models in the utilization of new energy.
China has picked up its pace in developing industrial chains in the production, storage, transport and application of green hydrogen, hydrogen-fuel cells, and hydrogen-powered vehicles. It supports the application of energy storage technologies at multiple points in energy production and utilization, and the complementary development of energy storage and renewable energy. By supporting the construction of micro-grids for new energy, China has established regional systems of clean energy supply that integrate power generation, storage and utilization. It promotes new comprehensive energy services and strives for complementary, coordinated and efficient end use of various forms of energy. With pilot and demonstration projects leading the way, a series of new energy technologies and new business forms and models have emerged, triggering a fusion of innovative development in China’s energy sector.
