二、“十三五”时期发展成就和“十四五”时期主要目标任务
II. Achievements in the 13th Five-Year Plan Period and Major Targets and Tasks for the 14th Five-Year Plan Period 文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/10903.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/10903.html
过去五年，我国经济社会发展取得新的历史性成就。经济运行总体平稳，经济结构持续优化，国内生产总值从不到70万亿元增加到超过100万亿元。创新型国家建设成果丰硕，在载人航天、探月工程、深海工程、超级计算、量子信息等领域取得一批重大科技成果。脱贫攻坚成果举世瞩目，5575万农村贫困人口实现脱贫，960多万建档立卡贫困人口通过易地扶贫搬迁摆脱了“一方水土难养一方人”的困境，区域性整体贫困得到解决，完成了消除绝对贫困的艰巨任务。农业现代化稳步推进，粮食生产连年丰收。1亿农业转移人口和其他常住人口在城镇落户目标顺利实现，城镇棚户区住房改造超过2100万套。区域重大战略扎实推进。污染防治力度加大，资源能源利用效率显著提升，生态环境明显改善。金融风险处置取得重要阶段性成果。全面深化改革取得重大突破，供给侧结构性改革持续推进，“放管服”改革不断深入，营商环境持续改善。对外开放持续扩大，共建“一带一路”成果丰硕。人民生活水平显著提高，城镇新增就业超过6000万人，建成世界上规模最大的社会保障体系。全面建立实施困难残疾人生活补贴和重度残疾人护理补贴制度。教育、卫生、文化等领域发展取得新成就，教育公平和质量较大提升，医疗卫生事业加快发展，文化事业和文化产业繁荣发展。国防和军队建设水平大幅提升。国家安全全面加强，社会保持和谐稳定。经过五年持续奋斗，“十三五”规划主要目标任务胜利完成，中华民族伟大复兴向前迈出了新的一大步。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/10903.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/10903.html
Over the past five years, China has scored historic new achievements in economic and social development.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/10903.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/10903.html
The economy performed stably overall, and its structure was continuously improved. GDP increased from less than 70 trillion yuan to over 100 trillion yuan. Much was accomplished toward making China a country of innovators, with major advances in manned spaceflight, lunar exploration, deep-sea engineering, supercomputing, quantum information, and other areas.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/10903.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/10903.html
China’s success in poverty alleviation has been recognized by the international community. Its entire rural poor population, 55.75 million in number, was lifted out of poverty, including more than 9.6 million registered poor people who were relocated from inhospitable areas; and regional poverty was successfully eradicated. The daunting task we set ourselves to eliminate absolute poverty has thus been successfully accomplished.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/10903.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/10903.html
Agricultural modernization was steadily advanced, and good harvests were recorded for five years running. The goal of granting urban residency to 100 million people from rural areas and other permanent residents without local household registration was met. More than 21 million housing units in run-down urban areas were rebuilt.
Solid steps were taken to implement major regional development strategies. Pollution prevention and control efforts were intensified, resources and energy were used more efficiently, and there was a notable improvement in the environment.
Important progress was made in addressing financial risks in this period. Major breakthroughs were achieved in deepening reform across the board. Supply-side structural reform was steadily advanced, as were reforms to streamline administration and delegate power, improve regulation, and upgrade services. Thanks to these efforts, the business environment kept improving.
China continued to open its door wider to the world; the joint pursuit of the Belt and Road Initiative yielded solid outcomes.
The living standards of our people rose significantly. Over 60 million urban jobs were added, and the world’s largest social security system was established. The system for granting living allowances to people with disabilities in financial difficulty and nursing care subsidies to people with serious disabilities was set up and implemented across the country.
New achievements were made in education, healthcare, culture and other sectors. Education became much more equitable, and its quality was markedly improved. The healthcare sector registered accelerated development. The cultural sector flourished. Notable advances were made in the development of national defense and the armed forces. China’s national security was enhanced on all fronts, and social harmony and stability were maintained across the country.
Thanks to our hard work in these five years, we accomplished the major goals and tasks of the 13th Five-Year Plan, and made a giant stride toward the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
“十四五”时期是开启全面建设社会主义现代化国家新征程的第一个五年。我国发展仍然处于重要战略机遇期，但机遇和挑战都有新的发展变化。要准确把握新发展阶段，深入贯彻新发展理念，加快构建新发展格局，推动高质量发展，为全面建设社会主义现代化国家开好局起好步。
The period covered by the 14th Five-Year Plan will be the first five years in which we embark on a new journey to build China into a modern socialist country in all respects. China remains in an important period of strategic opportunity for development. Yet, there are changes in both the opportunities and challenges we face. We should have an accurate understanding of this new stage of development, fully apply the new development philosophy, and accelerate our efforts to create a new development pattern to promote high-quality development. By doing so, we will set the stage for building a modern socialist country in all respects.
根据《中共中央关于制定国民经济和社会发展第十四个五年规划和二〇三五年远景目标的建议》，国务院编制了《国民经济和社会发展第十四个五年规划和2035年远景目标纲要（草案）》。《纲要草案》坚持以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，实化量化“十四五”时期经济社会发展主要目标和重大任务，全文提交大会审查，这里概述几个方面。
The State Council, acting in accordance with the Recommendations of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China for Formulating the 14th Five-Year Plan for Economic and Social Development and Long-Range Objectives through the Year 2035, has drawn up the draft Outline for the 14th Five-Year Plan for Economic and Social Development and Long-Range Objectives through the Year 2035.
The draft Outline, which was formulated under the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, sets major quantified objectives and tasks for economic and social development during the 14th Five-Year Plan period. The full draft has been submitted to this session for your deliberation and approval.
The highlights of the draft Outline are as follows:
——着力提升发展质量效益，保持经济持续健康发展。发展是解决我国一切问题的基础和关键。必须坚持新发展理念，把新发展理念完整、准确、全面贯穿发展全过程和各领域，引导各方面把工作重点放在提高发展质量和效益上，促进增长潜力充分发挥。经济运行保持在合理区间，各年度视情提出经济增长预期目标，全员劳动生产率增长高于国内生产总值增长，城镇调查失业率控制在5.5%以内，物价水平保持总体平稳，实现更高质量、更有效率、更加公平、更可持续、更为安全的发展。
– Improving the quality and effectiveness of development and maintaining sustained and healthy economic growth
Development is the foundation, and it holds the key, for addressing all the issues our country faces. We must stay true to the new development philosophy, and ensure it is applied in full, in both letter and spirit, in every stage and aspect of development. We should encourage people working in all sectors to give high priority to improving the quality and effectiveness of development to fully tap China’s growth potential. We will keep major economic indicators within an appropriate range, set annual targets for economic growth in light of actual conditions, ensure that overall labor productivity grows faster than GDP, keep the surveyed urban unemployment rate within 5.5 percent, and keep prices generally stable. Doing so will enable us to achieve higher-quality development that is more efficient, equitable, sustainable, and secure.
——坚持创新驱动发展，加快发展现代产业体系。坚持创新在我国现代化建设全局中的核心地位，把科技自立自强作为国家发展的战略支撑。完善国家创新体系，加快构建以国家实验室为引领的战略科技力量，打好关键核心技术攻坚战，制定实施基础研究十年行动方案，提升企业技术创新能力，激发人才创新活力，完善科技创新体制机制，全社会研发经费投入年均增长7%以上、力争投入强度高于“十三五”时期实际。广泛开展科学普及活动。坚持把发展经济着力点放在实体经济上，推进产业基础高级化、产业链现代化，保持制造业比重基本稳定，改造提升传统产业，发展壮大战略性新兴产业，促进服务业繁荣发展。统筹推进传统基础设施和新型基础设施建设。加快数字化发展，打造数字经济新优势，协同推进数字产业化和产业数字化转型，加快数字社会建设步伐，提高数字政府建设水平，营造良好数字生态，建设数字中国。
– Pursuing innovation-driven development and accelerating modernization of the industrial system
Innovation remains at the heart of China’s modernization drive. We will strengthen our science and technology to provide strategic support for China’s development. To improve China’s innovation system, we will work faster to enhance our strategic scientific and technological capability underpinned by the development of national laboratories, strive to make major breakthroughs in core technologies in key fields, and formulate and implement a ten-year action plan for basic research. We will enhance the capacity of enterprises to make technological innovation, unlock the creativity of talent, and improve the systems and mechanisms for making scientific and technological innovation. China’s R&D spending will increase by more than seven percent per year, which is expected to account for a higher percentage of GDP than that during the 13th Five-Year Plan period. Extensive activities will be conducted to help people learn more about science.
In pursuing economic growth, we will continue to prioritize the development of the real economy, upgrade the industrial base, modernize industrial chains, and keep the share of manufacturing in the economy basically stable. We will transform and upgrade traditional industries, strengthen strategic emerging industries, and promote the vigorous development of the service sector. Coordinated development of traditional and new forms of infrastructure will be promoted.
Digitalization will be sped up to create new strengths for the digital economy. We will both develop digital industry and transform traditional industries with digital technologies. We will work faster to develop a digital society, digital government, and healthy digital ecosystem as we pursue the Digital China initiative.
——形成强大国内市场，构建新发展格局。把实施扩大内需战略同深化供给侧结构性改革有机结合起来，以创新驱动、高质量供给引领和创造新需求。破除制约要素合理流动的堵点，贯通生产、分配、流通、消费各环节，形成国民经济良性循环。立足国内大循环，协同推进强大国内市场和贸易强国建设，依托国内经济循环体系形成对全球要素资源的强大引力场，促进国内国际双循环。建立扩大内需的有效制度，全面促进消费，拓展投资空间，加快培育完整内需体系。
– Creating a robust domestic market and fostering a new development pattern
We will pursue the strategy of expanding domestic demand and intensify supply-side structural reform, and generate new demand with innovation-driven development and high-quality supply. We will remove impediments to the rational flow of production factors along all links of production, allocation, distribution, and consumption to facilitate favorable circulation in our economy.
We will give priority to domestic circulation, and work to build a strong domestic market and turn China into a trader of quality. We will leverage the flows of the domestic economy to make China a major magnet for global production factors and resources, thereby promoting positive interplay between domestic circulation and international circulation.
We will put in place frameworks to effectively expand domestic demand, boost consumer spending across the board, and unlock the potential for investment, thus accelerating the establishment of a complete system of domestic demand.
——全面推进乡村振兴，完善新型城镇化战略。坚持农业农村优先发展，严守18亿亩耕地红线，实施高标准农田建设工程、黑土地保护工程，确保种源安全，实施乡村建设行动，健全城乡融合发展体制机制。建立健全巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果长效机制，提升脱贫地区整体发展水平。深入推进以人为核心的新型城镇化战略，加快农业转移人口市民化，常住人口城镇化率提高到65%，发展壮大城市群和都市圈，推进以县城为重要载体的城镇化建设，实施城市更新行动，完善住房市场体系和住房保障体系，提升城镇化发展质量。
– Advancing rural revitalization across the board and improving the new urbanization strategy
The development of agriculture and rural areas remains at the top of our work agenda. The total area of China’s farmland must stay above the red line of 120 million hectares. We will carry out projects to develop high-quality farmland and conserve chernozem soils, and ensure the security of our germplasm resources. We will carry out rural development initiatives, and improve systems and mechanisms for promoting integrated urban-rural development. We will set up a robust long-term mechanism for consolidating and expanding the achievements of the battle against poverty, and raise the overall performance of development in areas that have cast off poverty.
The strategy of new, people-centered urbanization will continue to be pursued. We will move faster to grant permanent urban residency to people who move to cities from rural areas, and raise the percentage of permanent urban residents to 65 percent of the population. We will expand city clusters and metropolitan areas, promote urbanization with a focus on county towns, implement an action plan for urban renewal, and improve the housing market and housing support system. These moves will enable us to achieve higher quality urbanization.
——优化区域经济布局，促进区域协调发展。深入实施区域重大战略、区域协调发展战略、主体功能区战略，构建高质量发展的区域经济布局和国土空间支撑体系。扎实推动京津冀协同发展、长江经济带发展、粤港澳大湾区建设、长三角一体化发展、黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展，高标准、高质量建设雄安新区。推动西部大开发形成新格局，推动东北振兴取得新突破，促进中部地区加快崛起，鼓励东部地区加快推进现代化。推进成渝地区双城经济圈建设。支持革命老区、民族地区加快发展，加强边疆地区建设。积极拓展海洋经济发展空间。
– Improving regional economic structures and promoting coordinated regional development
We will continue to implement the major regional development strategies as well as the strategies for coordinated regional development and functional zoning, so as to create regional economic structures and a territorial space system that will sustain high-quality development.
We will take solid steps to promote the coordinated development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the development of the Yangtze Economic Belt and the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, integrated development in the Yangtze River Delta, and ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River basin. We will build Xiongan New Area to a high standard.
We will usher in a new stage in large-scale development in the western region, promote breakthroughs in the revitalization of northeast China, accelerate the rise of the central region, and encourage the eastern region to accelerate modernization. We will promote the development of the Chengdu-Chongqing economic zone. We will support old revolutionary base areas and ethnic minority areas in speeding up development, and strengthen the development of border areas.
We will work to unlock the development potential of the maritime economy.
——全面深化改革开放，持续增强发展动力和活力。构建高水平社会主义市场经济体制，激发各类市场主体活力，加快国有经济布局优化和结构调整，优化民营经济发展环境。建设高标准市场体系，全面完善产权制度，推进要素市场化配置改革，强化竞争政策基础地位，完善竞争政策框架。建立现代财税金融体制，提升政府经济治理能力。深化“放管服”改革，构建一流营商环境。建设更高水平开放型经济新体制，推动共建“一带一路”高质量发展，构建面向全球的高标准自由贸易区网络。
– Advancing reform and opening up across the board and bolstering the momentum and vitality of development
To develop a high-standard socialist market economy, we will energize all market entities, improve the layout and structure of the state-owned sector at a faster pace, and create a better development environment for private businesses. We will build a high-standard market system, effect an all-round improvement in the property rights system, carry out reforms to promote the market-based allocation of production factors, reinforce the foundational role of competition policies, and refine the competition policy framework.
We will modernize fiscal, taxation, and financial systems, and improve government capacity to conduct economic governance. We will deepen reforms to streamline administration and delegate powers, improve regulation, and upgrade services to foster a world-class business environment.
We will develop new systems for a higher-standard open economy, promote the high-quality development of the BRI, and build a globally oriented network of high-standard free trade zones.
——推动绿色发展，促进人与自然和谐共生。坚持绿水青山就是金山银山理念，加强山水林田湖草系统治理，加快推进重要生态屏障建设，构建以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系，森林覆盖率达到24.1%。持续改善环境质量，基本消除重污染天气和城市黑臭水体。落实2030年应对气候变化国家自主贡献目标。加快发展方式绿色转型，协同推进经济高质量发展和生态环境高水平保护，单位国内生产总值能耗和二氧化碳排放分别降低13.5%、18%。
– Promoting green development and ensuring harmony between humanity and nature
We will stay true to the principle that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets and strengthen the conservation of mountain, river, forest, farmland, lake, and grassland ecosystems. We will move faster to build major ecological shields, develop a national park-based nature reserve system, and expand forest coverage to 24.1 percent of China’s total land area.
We will continue to improve the quality of the environment, and generally eliminate heavy air pollution and black, malodorous water bodies in cities. We will ensure that China meets the targets for its intended nationally determined contributions in response to climate change by 2030. We will expedite the transition of China’s growth model to one of green development, and promote both high-quality economic growth and high-standard environmental protection. Energy consumption per unit of GDP and carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP will be reduced by 13.5 percent and 18 percent, respectively.
——持续增进民生福祉，扎实推动共同富裕。坚持尽力而为、量力而行，加强普惠性、基础性、兜底性民生建设，制定促进共同富裕行动纲要，让发展成果更多更公平惠及全体人民。实施就业优先战略，扩大就业容量。着力提高低收入群体收入，扩大中等收入群体，居民人均可支配收入增长与国内生产总值增长基本同步。建设高质量教育体系，建设高素质专业化教师队伍，深化教育改革，实施教育提质扩容工程，劳动年龄人口平均受教育年限提高到11.3年。全面推进健康中国建设，构建强大公共卫生体系，完善城乡医疗服务网络，广泛开展全民健身运动，人均预期寿命再提高1岁。实施积极应对人口老龄化国家战略，以“一老一小”为重点完善人口服务体系，优化生育政策，推动实现适度生育水平，发展普惠托育和基本养老服务体系，逐步延迟法定退休年龄。健全多层次社会保障体系，基本养老保险参保率提高到95%，优化社会救助和慈善制度。发展社会主义先进文化，提高社会文明程度，弘扬诚信文化，建设诚信社会，提升公共文化服务水平，健全现代文化产业体系。
– Improving people’s wellbeing and striving for common prosperity
We will do everything within our capacity to improve the wellbeing of our people, and ensure that public services are inclusive, meet essential needs, and ensure basic living standards for people in difficulty. An action plan will be adopted to promote common prosperity to see that our people share more fully and fairly in the gains of development.
We will implement the employment-first strategy and increase employment opportunities. We will work to raise the income of the low-income group and expand the size of the middle-income group. Per capita disposable income will generally grow in step with GDP growth.
We will build a high-quality education system and foster a contingent of top-performing teachers with strong professional expertise by deepening educational reforms. We will carry out an initiative to raise the quality of education and expand its capacity. We expect that the average number of years of schooling among the working-age population will rise to 11.3.
We will make all-round efforts to build a Healthy China. We will develop a strong public health system, refine medical service networks in both urban and rural areas, carry out extensive public fitness activities, and raise the average life expectancy by one year. We will implement the national strategy for addressing population aging, and improve the population services system with a focus on elderly care and child care. We will refine the childbirth policy, work to achieve an appropriate birth rate, and develop the systems for public-interest child care and basic elderly care services. The statutory retirement age will be raised in a phased manner. The multi-tiered social security system will be improved, with coverage of basic old-age insurance reaching 95 percent of the population. Social assistance and charity systems will also be improved.
We will develop advanced socialist culture, raise standards of public civility, promote integrity and trustworthiness throughout society, improve public cultural services, and improve modern systems for cultural industries.
——统筹发展和安全，建设更高水平的平安中国。坚持总体国家安全观，加强国家安全体系和能力建设。强化国家经济安全保障，实施粮食、能源资源、金融安全战略，粮食综合生产能力保持在1.3万亿斤以上，提高能源综合生产能力。全面提高公共安全保障能力，维护社会稳定和安全。
– Ensuring both development and security and ushering in a new stage in building a Peaceful China
We will pursue a holistic approach to national security and strengthen our national security system and capacity. To ensure national economic security, we will carry out strategies for safeguarding food, energy and resource, and financial security. We will keep overall grain output above 650 million metric tons, and enhance our overall energy production capacity. We will increase our public security capacity across the board to maintain social stability and public safety.
展望未来，我们有信心有能力战胜前进道路上的艰难险阻，完成“十四五”规划目标任务，奋力谱写中国特色社会主义事业新篇章！
Looking to the future, we have the confidence and the ability to overcome all difficulties and obstacles on our road ahead and fulfill the goals and tasks in the 14th Five-Year Plan for Economic and Social Development (2021-2025), thus opening a new page in the development of socialism with Chinese characteristics.
