八、推动实现共同发展
VIII. Promoting Common Development文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/1174.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/1174.html
中国坚持相互尊重、平等相待、合作共赢、共同发展的原则，把中国人民的利益同各国人民的共同利益结合起来，支持和帮助发展中国家特别是最不发达国家减少贫困、改善民生、改善发展环境，推动建设人类命运共同体。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/1174.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/1174.html
China upholds the principles of mutual respect, equality of treatment, win-win cooperation, and common development, and promotes the interests of its own people and the common interests of other peoples. China supports the developing countries, especially the least developed countries (LDCs), in reducing poverty, improving people’s wellbeing and the development environment, in order to build a human community of shared future.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/1174.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/1174.html
——捍卫发展权利。作为联合国的创始会员国，中国参与起草并签署《联合国宪章》，推动通过《世界人权宣言》，秉持《经济社会文化权利国际公约》《公民及政治权利国际公约》精神，支持联合国通过《关于人权新概念的决议案》和《关于发展权的决议》。中国参加了联合国人权委员会起草《发展权利宣言》的政府专家组的历届会议，为在1986年正式通过《发展权利宣言》作出重要贡献。中国一直是人权委员会关于发展权问题决议的共同提案国，积极支持人权委员会关于实现发展权问题的全球磋商，支持将发展权问题作为一个单独的议题在人权委员会加以审议。自2006年联合国人权理事会成立以来，中国四度当选人权理事会成员，为发展权主流化贡献了中国智慧和力量。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/1174.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/1174.html
Defending the right to development. As an original member state of the United Nations, China participated in drafting the Charter of the United Nations and signed it, facilitated the publication of the “Universal Declaration of Human Rights,” upheld the principles prescribed in the “International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights” and the “International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights,” and facilitated the passing of the resolution on the new concepts of human rights and the resolution on the right to development. China participated in all the previous meetings of the Group of Governmental Experts of the United Nations Commission on Human Rights (UNCHR) for drafting the “Declaration on the Right to Development,” and made an important contribution to the formal adoption of the Declaration in 1986. China has always been a co-sponsor of UNCHR resolutions on the right to development, supporting the UNCHR’s global debate on realizing the right to development, and consenting to the deliberation of the right to development by the UNCHR as a separate issue. Since the UNHRC was established in 2006, China has been elected as a member four times, and has contributed its wisdom and strength to making the right to development a mainstream issue.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/1174.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/1174.html
——参与发展议程。中国率先响应可持续发展战略，坚定支持并全力落实《联合国千年宣言》，已经实现或基本实现了13项千年发展目标指标，在有效提升中国人民发展权保障水平的同时，推动了全球共同发展。中国积极促进国际社会达成并实施2030年可持续发展议程，发布了《落实2030年可持续发展议程中方立场文件》和《中国落实2030年可持续发展议程国别方案》，在二十国集团领导人杭州峰会上共同制定《二十国集团落实2030年可持续发展议程行动计划》《二十国集团支持非洲和最不发达国家工业化倡议》等，为加快各国尤其是发展中国家的整体发展进程注入了强劲动力。2015年9月，中国与联合国妇女署共同举办全球妇女峰会，落实2030年可持续发展议程相关目标。
Participating in the formulation of the development agenda. China was the first to voice support for the sustainable development strategy. It has supported and implemented the “United Nations Millennium Declaration,” and achieved 13 of the United Nations Millennium Development Goals. While effectively improving the protection of its own people’s right to development, China has also promoted the common development of the world. It has helped the international community to pass and implement the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, and issued “China’s Position Paper on the Implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development” and “China’s National Plan on Implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.” At the G20 Hangzhou Summit, China joined other countries in formulating the “G20 Action Plan on the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development” and the “G20 Initiative on Supporting Industrialization in Africa and Least Developed Countries,” adding impetus to the overall development of all countries and developing countries in particular. In September 2015 China and UN Women co-organized the Global Summit of Women, and implemented the goals related to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
——拓宽发展之路。多年来，中国在尊重各国自主选择的社会制度和发展道路的基础上，不断拓宽发展思路、发展理念，坚持与各国一道走公平、开放、全面、创新的发展之路。中国积极为各国特别是发展中国家争取公平的发展，使各国都成为全球发展的参与者、贡献者，公平分享发展权益，推动在同一目标下不同发展程度的国家承担共同但有区别的责任，提升发展中国家在全球治理体系中规则制定权和话语权。中国坚持开放的发展，与各国共同维护多边贸易体制，使生产要素在全球自由流动，让发展成果惠及各方，为各国人民共享。中国追求全面的发展，实现经济、社会、环境协调发展，实现人与社会、人与自然和谐相处。中国推动创新的发展，以发展的方式解决发展中的难题，培育新的核心竞争力，高度重视发挥联合国领导作用，积极加快区域组织一体化进程，通过整合力量、优势互补提升发展竞争力，让发展潜力充分释放。
Expanding the path to development. Over the years, based on the principle that all countries are entitled to choose their own social systems and development paths, China has expanded its development mindset and philosophy, and joined other countries in seeking equitable, open, all-round and innovation-driven development. China strives for equitable development for all countries and for developing countries in particular, so that all countries can become participants in and contributors to global development and equitably share the interests of development. China calls on all countries, which share the same development goals yet are at different development levels, to take on common but differentiated responsibilities. China has advocated the developing countries’ right to a greater voice in formulating the rules of the global governance system. China keeps the open-door policy while pursuing development. It joins other countries in upholding the multilateral trade regime and promotes the free flow of production factors around the world so that the achievements of development will benefit all parties and people in all countries. China pursues all-round development, to achieve balanced development between economy, society and environment, and to realize harmony between humanity and society, and between humanity and nature. China promotes innovation-driven development, addresses problems arising in development by means of development, and fosters new core competitiveness. China places great value on the leadership of the United Nations, encourages regional economic integration, and improves its competitive development by integrating the strengths and advantages of various parties, so as to fully release its development potential.
——深化发展合作。中国一直秉持义利相兼、以义为先的原则，致力于增强各国发展能力、改善国际发展环境、优化发展伙伴关系、健全发展协调机制，积极推动国际发展合作，推动各国人民发展权的普遍实现。中国积极推动普惠包容发展，参与全球经济治理，坚持南北合作主渠道地位，深化南南合作和三方合作，加强区域经济合作及与新兴经济体的合作，探索更多更有效的合作共赢方式。中国政府发挥上海合作组织、中国—东盟（10+1）、东盟与中日韩（10+3）、东亚峰会、中日韩合作、亚太经合组织、亚欧会议、亚洲合作对话、亚信、中阿合作论坛、中国—海合会战略对话、大湄公河次区域经济合作、中亚区域经济合作等现有双多边机制与区域合作平台，让更多国家和地区参与“一带一路”建设，推动各国共同发展。中国出资成立丝路基金，发起建立亚洲基础设施投资银行，推动成立澜沧江—湄公河合作机制，为“一带一路”沿线国家基础设施、资源开发、产业合作和金融合作等与互联互通有关的项目提供投融资支持。
Furthering cooperation for development. China adheres to the principle of maintaining integrity and pursuing interests while giving priority to integrity, strives to improve the development capacity of all countries and the international development environment, partnership and coordination mechanisms for international development cooperation to realize the rights of all people to development. China propels inclusive and mutually-beneficial development, while participating in global economic governance. Regarding North-South economic cooperation as the main focus, China continues to expand South-South, tripartite, regional economic cooperation, and cooperation with emerging economies and, at the same time, explore more effective means of win-win cooperation. To realize common development the Chinese government endeavors to involve more countries and regions in the Belt and Road Initiative, relying on existing bilateral and multilateral mechanisms such as the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, ASEAN Plus China (10+1) Summit, ASEAN Plus China, Japan and the ROK (10+3) Summit, East Asia Summit, China-Japan-ROK Cooperation, APEC, Asia-Europe Meeting, Asia Cooperation Dialogue, Conference on Interaction and Confidence-Building Measures in Asia, China-Arab States Cooperation Forum, China-Gulf Cooperation Council Strategic Dialogue, Greater Mekong Subregion Economic Cooperation Program, and Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation. China has established the Silk Road Fund, initiated the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, and set up the Lancang-Mekong River cooperation mechanism, in order to provide financing support for the Belt and Road countries to coordinate programs on infrastructure, resource development, and industrial and financial cooperation.
——加大发展援助。60多年来，中国共向166个国家和国际组织提供了近4000亿元人民币援助，为发展中国家培训各类人员1200多万人次，派遣60多万援助人员，其中700多人为他国发展献出了宝贵生命。2008年以来，中国连续多年成为最不发达国家第一大出口市场，吸收最不发达国家约23%的产品出口。为进一步推进发展中国家经济增长和民生改善，促进共同发展，中国将设立“南南合作援助基金”，继续增加对最不发达国家投资，免除符合条件国家的特定债务，设立国际发展知识中心，继续推进“一带一路”建设。未来5年，中国将向发展中国家提供“6个100”项目支持，包括100个减贫项目，100个农业合作项目，100个促贸援助项目，100个生态保护和应对气候变化项目，100所医院和诊所，100所学校和职业培训中心；向发展中国家提供12万个来华培训和15万个奖学金名额，为发展中国家培养50万名职业技术人员；设立南南合作与发展学院，向世界卫生组织提供200万美元的现汇援助。
Increasing development aid. Over the past 60 years China has provided approximately RMB400 billion in aid to 166 countries and international organizations. It has trained more than 12 million personnel from developing countries, and dispatched over 600,000 people to aid development in other countries. Seven hundred people have given their lives in the course of these programs. Since 2008, China has been the largest export market of the LDCs, and absorbed about 23 percent of their exports. To improve economic growth and standards of living in the developing countries, China will set up a South-South Cooperation Fund, increase its investment in the LDCs, write off certain countries’ debts, establish an International Development Knowledge Center and further the Belt and Road Initiative. In the coming five years China will implement six “One Hundred Programs” targeting developing countries – 100 poverty reduction programs, 100 agricultural cooperation programs, 100 trade aid programs, 100 eco-protection and climate change programs, 100 hospitals and clinics, and 100 schools and vocational training centers. One hundred and twenty thousand training opportunities and 150,000 scholarships will be made available to developing countries in China, and 500,000 vocational technical personnel will be trained. China will set up a South-South Cooperation and Development Academy, and give the World Health Organization US$2 million in cash aid.
——提供特别待遇。中国作为发展中国家，主要是“特殊和差别待遇”衍生出的一系列贸易权利主张者而非义务承担者。但近年来中国逐渐承担起面向其他发展中国家的“特殊和差别待遇”义务，重点保护最不发达国家人民的发展权。2002年，中国与东南亚国家联盟签订了《全面经济合作框架协议》，对柬埔寨、老挝、缅甸和越南等东盟新成员国给予特殊和差别待遇及灵活性。2006年，中国加入《亚洲及太平洋经济和社会委员会发展中成员国关于贸易谈判的第一协定修正案》。中国海关总署先后颁布3个文件，将享受“特别优惠关税”政策的国家从非洲扩大到40个联合国认定的最不发达国家。
Providing special treatment. China, as a developing country, is an advocate for a number of trade rights based on the principle of “Special and differential treatment,” but not be obliged to provide the same treatment. However, in recent years, China has begun to provide “Special and differential treatment” to other developing countries, focusing on protecting the right to development of the LDCs. In 2002, China and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) signed the Framework Agreement on China-ASEAN Comprehensive Economic Cooperation, offering special and differential treatment with flexibility to new ASEAN member states such as Cambodia, Lao PDR, Myanmar and Viet Nam. In 2006, China joined the Amendment to the First Agreement on Trade Negotiations Among Developing Member Countries of the Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific. China’s General Administration of Customs has issued three documents which have extended the range of countries enjoying its special preferential tariff from African countries to 40 LDCs recognized by the United Nations.
——改善发展环境。中国一直致力于与各国共同维护国际和平，坚决反对一切形式的恐怖主义，支持国际和地区反恐合作，为发展权营造和平和谐的环境，以和平促进发展，以发展巩固和平。近年来，中国努力为解决地区热点问题提供方案，深度参与伊朗核问题谈判，积极斡旋南苏丹国内和解，提出政治解决叙利亚问题“四步走”框架思路，促成阿富汗政府与塔利班开启和谈，为恢复朝鲜半岛核问题六方会谈逐步积累共识。迄今为止，中国共派出军事人员、警察和民事官员3.3万余人次参与联合国维和行动，目前共有2600余名维和人员在10个联合国任务区执行维和任务，是联合国安理会常任理事国中派出维和人员最多的国家。为支持改进和加强维和行动，中国将加入新的联合国维和能力待命机制，率先组建常备成建制维和警队，建设维和待命部队，今后5年为各国培训2000名维和人员，开展10个扫雷援助项目，向非盟提供总额为1亿美元的无偿军事援助，中国—联合国和平与发展基金的部分资金也将用于支持联合国维和行动。
Improving the development environment. China joins other countries in safeguarding international peace, opposes all forms of terrorism, and supports international and regional cooperation in fighting terrorism, in order to create an environment of peace and harmony that promotes development and thereby consolidates peace. In recent years, China has offered solutions to regional flashpoints: involving itself in the Iran nuclear talks; mediating for national reconciliation in South Sudan; proposing a four-step framework for political settlement of the Syrian issue; facilitating the peace talks between the Afghan government and the Taliban; promoting consensus on resuming the six-party talks on the nuclear issue on the Korean Peninsula. To date, China has sent 33,000 military, police and civilian personnel to join UN peacekeeping missions. Currently there are 2,600-plus Chinese peacekeeping personnel involved in 10 UN peacekeeping operations, making China the most active permanent member of the UN Security Council in terms of supplying peacekeeping personnel. In order to support and improve peacekeeping operations, China will join the new UN peacekeeping standby mechanism, take the lead in establishing regular peacekeeping police force units, and organize peacekeeping standby forces. In the coming five years, China will train 2,000 peacekeeping personnel for other countries, launch 10 demining aid programs, provide US$100 million of non-reimbursable military aid to the African Union, and allocate part of the China-UN Peace and Development Fund to support UN peacekeeping operations.
