第三个问题：加快构建新发展格局
Third, we need to accelerate the creation of a new development dynamic.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/11770.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/11770.html
加快构建以国内大循环为主体、国内国际双循环相互促进的新发展格局，是“十四五”规划《建议》提出的一项关系我国发展全局的重大战略任务，需要从全局高度准确把握和积极推进。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/11770.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/11770.html
The Recommendations for Formulating the 14th Five-Year Plan for Economic and Social Development and Long-Range Objectives through the Year 2035 defined the creation of a new development dynamic that focuses on domestic flow and features positive interplay between domestic flow and international engagement as a major strategic task that concerned China’s overall development interests. This task must be correctly understood and actively promoted according to the overall situation.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/11770.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/11770.html
近年来，经济全球化遭遇逆流，国际经济循环格局发生深度调整。新冠肺炎疫情也加剧了逆全球化趋势，各国内顾倾向上升。新冠肺炎疫情期间，我到几个省进行调查研究，深入了解抗疫情况，调研复工复产中出现的问题。我在浙江考察时发现，在疫情冲击下全球产业链供应链发生局部断裂，直接影响到我国国内经济循环。当地不少企业需要的国外原材料进不来、海外人员来不了、货物出不去，不得不停工停产。我感觉到，现在的形势已经很不一样了，大进大出的环境条件已经变化，必须根据新的形势提出引领发展的新思路。所以，去年4月，我就提出要建立以国内大循环为主体、国内国际双循环相互促进的新发展格局，党的十九届五中全会对构建新发展格局作出全面部署。这是把握未来发展主动权的战略性布局和先手棋，是新发展阶段要着力推动完成的重大历史任务，也是贯彻新发展理念的重大举措。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/11770.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/11770.html
In recent years, we have witnessed a backlash against economic globalization and profound adjustments to the circulation patterns in the international economy. The Covid-19 pandemic exacerbated the trend of deglobalization, and many countries have now become more inward-looking. When the epidemic was prevalent, I visited several provinces around the country to gain an in-depth understanding of the situation on epidemic containment and investigate the problems that had emerged in reopening the economy. During my visit to Zhejiang Province, I found that global industrial and supply chains had been partially disrupted due to the pandemic. This had directly impacted flows in the domestic economy. Many companies were forced to suspend operations because they could not bring in the raw materials and personnel they needed or send their goods overseas. I realized just how much things had changed; the environments and conditions that had facilitated largescale imports and exports were no longer in place. Given these new circumstances, we needed to come up with new thinking to steer development. Accordingly, in April last year, I proposed that we create a new development dynamic that focused on domestic flow and featured positive interplay between domestic flow and international engagement. At the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee in October 2020, we made comprehensive arrangements for this task. The establishment of the new development dynamic is a strategic and proactive step for taking the initiative in development, a major historic mission that must be fulfilled in the new development stage, and an important measure for applying the new development philosophy.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/11770.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/11770.html
我国作为一个人口众多和超大市场规模的社会主义国家，在迈向现代化的历史进程中，必然要承受其他国家都不曾遇到的各种压力和严峻挑战。毛泽东同志1936年的一段话，至今都对我们有启示意义。他说：“无论处于怎样复杂、严重、惨苦的环境，军事指导者首先需要的是独立自主地组织和使用自己的力量。被敌逼迫到被动地位的事是常有的，重要的是要迅速地恢复主动地位。如果不能恢复到这种地位，下文就是失败。主动地位不是空想的，而是具体的，物质的。”我们只有立足自身，把国内大循环畅通起来，努力炼就百毒不侵、金刚不坏之身，才能任由国际风云变幻，始终充满朝气生存和发展下去，没有任何人能打倒我们、卡死我们！加快构建新发展格局，就是要在各种可以预见和难以预见的狂风暴雨、惊涛骇浪中，增强我们的生存力、竞争力、发展力、持续力，确保中华民族伟大复兴进程不被迟滞甚至中断。
As a socialist country with a large population and a vast market, China is certain to encounter various pressures and stern challenges in the process of modernization, the likes of which no other country will have ever experienced. In 1936, Mao Zedong made a remark that still holds true for us even today. He said, “No matter how complicated, grave, and harsh the circumstances, what a military leader needs most of all is the ability to function independently in organizing and employing the forces under his command. He may often be forced into a passive position by the enemy, but the important thing is to regain the initiative quickly. Failure to do so spells defeat. The initiative is not something imaginary but is concrete and material.” If we can, by dint of our own efforts, ensure unimpeded domestic flow to effectively shield ourselves from harm, we will have the vigor and vitality to not only survive but thrive amid volatile international situations, making it impossible for anyone to keep us down or to back us into a corner. We must speed up our efforts to create a new development dynamic, so that no matter the challenges or difficulties we encounter, whether anticipated or not, we will be better able to survive, compete, and maintain sustainable development. This way, we can ensure the course of national rejuvenation is never delayed or interrupted.
在实践中，我们要注意防范一些认识误区：一是只讲前半句，片面强调“以国内大循环为主”，主张在对外开放上进行大幅度收缩；二是只讲后半句，片面强调“国内国际双循环”，不顾国际格局和形势变化，固守“两头在外、大进大出”的旧思路；三是各自为政、画地为牢，不关心建设全国统一的大市场、畅通全国大循环，只考虑建设本地区本区域小市场、搞自己的小循环；四是认为畅通经济循环就是畅通物流，搞低层次物流循环；五是一讲解决“卡脖子”技术难题，什么都自己干、搞重复建设，专盯“高大上”项目，不顾客观实际和产业基础，结果成了烂尾项目；六是讲扩大内需、形成国内大市场，又开始搞盲目借贷扩大投资、过度刺激消费，甚至又去大搞高能耗、高排放的项目；七是不重视供给侧结构性改革，只注重需求侧管理，无法形成供给创造需求的更高水平动态平衡；八是认为这只是经济科技部门的事，同自己部门关系不大，等等。这些认识都是片面的甚至是错误的，必须加以防范和纠正。
In practice, there are some misunderstandings that we need to guard against. First, some people tend to only speak about the first half, or the domestic flow element as the main factor, of the new development dynamic, and call for China to sharply reverse its opening to the outside world. Second, some others speak only of the latter half, or the positive interplay between domestic flow and international engagement, and still subscribe to the old development dynamic of large-scale imports and exports with two ends of the economic process – markets and resources – being located abroad, despite the changes to the international landscape. Third, acting in one’s own way and only focusing on one’s own sphere of interest is also a mistake. Some are neglecting the task of building a unified national market and promoting overall domestic flow, preferring instead to focus on their own local or regional market. Fourth, some have equated unimpeded economic flow with smooth logistics and are focused only on this basic level of circulation. Fifth, in resolving technological bottlenecks, some people want to do everything themselves, which result in needless replication, or they carry out extravagant projects that ultimately fail because they don’t take account of reality and the industrial base. Sixth, in working to expand domestic demand and boost the domestic market, some people have begun blindly handing out loans for investment and over-stimulating consumption, or even reverting back to energy-intensive, high-emissions projects. Seventh, some are concentrating on demand-side management at the expense of supply-side structural reform, making it impossible to achieve a higher-level, dynamic equilibrium at which supply boosts demand. Eighth, some think that the new development dynamic is a matter for the economic and technology departments and has little to do with themselves. All of these understandings are incomplete or even erroneous; we must guard against them and rectify them should they arise.
构建新发展格局的关键在于经济循环的畅通无阻，就像人们讲的要调理好统摄全身阴阳气血的任督二脉。经济活动需要各种生产要素的组合在生产、分配、流通、消费各环节有机衔接，从而实现循环流转。在正常情况下，如果经济循环顺畅，物质产品会增加，社会财富会积聚，人民福祉会增进，国家实力会增强，从而形成一个螺旋式上升的发展过程。如果经济循环过程中出现堵点、断点，循环就会受阻，在宏观上就会表现为增长速度下降、失业增加、风险积累、国际收支失衡等情况，在微观上就会表现为产能过剩、企业效益下降、居民收入下降等问题。在我国发展现阶段，畅通经济循环最主要的任务是供给侧有效畅通，有效供给能力强可以穿透循环堵点、消除瓶颈制约，可以创造就业和提供收入，从而形成需求能力。因此，我们必须坚持深化供给侧结构性改革这条主线，继续完成“三去一降一补”的重要任务，全面优化升级产业结构，提升创新能力、竞争力和综合实力，增强供给体系的韧性，形成更高效率和更高质量的投入产出关系，实现经济在高水平上的动态平衡。
The key to building a new development dynamic is to ensure unimpeded economic flow, just the same as a healthy person needs to keep the blood vessels circulating freely to maintain a good balance of vital energy and blood. Economic activity requires the integration of various production factors at the stages of production, allocation, distribution, and consumption in order to realize a circular flow. Under normal circumstances, smooth economic flow will lead to increased material products, greater social wealth, improved wellbeing among the people, and enhanced national strength, giving rise to an upward spiral of development. When obstructions and breakages emerge, economic flow is disrupted. From a macroeconomic perspective, the economic growth rate drops, unemployment rises, risks build up, and the balance of payments falls into disequilibrium. At the microeconomic level, problems such as overcapacity, declining enterprise returns, and falling personal incomes arise.
In the present stage of China’s development, the most important task in promoting smooth economic flow is maintaining effective and smooth operations on the supply side. If we have a strong capacity to provide effective supply, we can clear obstructions and bottlenecks in economic flow, enabling us to create jobs and provide income, which will further boost our country’s capacity to create demand. As such, we must take furthering supply-side structural reform as our main task, and continue to carry out the priority tasks of cutting overcapacity, reducing excess inventory, deleveraging, lowering costs, and strengthening areas of weakness. We need to comprehensively improve and upgrade the industrial structure, enhance our innovation capacity, competitiveness, and overall strength, increase the resilience of the supply system, and ensure inputs produce higher-quality outputs with greater efficiency, so as to achieve a dynamic economic equilibrium at a high level.
我讲过，构建新发展格局最本质的特征是实现高水平的自立自强。当前，我国经济发展环境出现了变化，特别是生产要素相对优势出现了变化。劳动力成本在逐步上升，资源环境承载能力达到了瓶颈，旧的生产函数组合方式已经难以持续，科学技术的重要性全面上升。在这种情况下，我们必须更强调自主创新。因此，在“十四五”规划《建议》中，第一条重大举措就是科技创新，第二条就是突破产业瓶颈。我们必须把这个问题放在能不能生存和发展的高度加以认识，全面加强对科技创新的部署，集合优势资源，有力有序推进创新攻关的“揭榜挂帅”体制机制，加强创新链和产业链对接，明确路线图、时间表、责任制，适合部门和地方政府牵头的要牵好头，适合企业牵头的政府要全力支持。中央企业等国有企业要勇挑重担、敢打头阵，勇当原创技术的“策源地”、现代产业链的“链长”。
I have previously mentioned that the essence of the new development dynamic is realizing a high level of self-reliance. Currently, the environment for our economic development is changing, particularly with respect to our comparative advantages in production factors. Because labor costs are rising and the carrying capacities of our resources and environment have reached a limit, the production function formula of the past is no longer sustainable, and science and technology are becoming more and more important on all fronts. Under such circumstances, it is important to put more emphasis on independent innovation. As a result, the Recommendations for Formulating the 14th Five-Year Plan for Economic and Social Development and Long-Range Objectives through the Year 2035 put forward two major measures of promoting scientific and technological innovation and removing bottlenecks in industry. We must understand these issues as being vital to the survival and development of our nation. We should comprehensively strengthen planning for scientific and technological innovation to bring together superior resources, and implement the mechanism to competitively award research projects in order to promote strong and steady progress in innovation. We must better align the chains of innovation and industry, and draw up roadmaps, timetables, and systems of responsibility. Where appropriate, relevant departments and local governments should play the leading role in this regard. Where it is appropriate for enterprises to take the lead, governments should give them their full support. Central government enterprises and other state-owned enterprises must have the courage to shoulder the responsibility and take the lead in turning themselves into the source of original technologies and the head of the modern industrial chain.
当今世界，最稀缺的资源是市场。市场资源是我国的巨大优势，必须充分利用和发挥这个优势，不断巩固和增强这个优势，形成构建新发展格局的雄厚支撑。扩大内需并不是应对金融风险和外部冲击的一时之策，也不是要搞大水漫灌，更不是只加大政府投入力度，而是要根据我国经济发展实际情况，建立起扩大内需的有效制度，释放内需潜力，加快培育完整内需体系，加强需求侧管理，扩大居民消费，提升消费层次，使建设超大规模的国内市场成为一个可持续的历史过程。
In today’s world, markets are the scarcest resource. China’s market is thus a huge advantage of our country. We must make full use of this factor and continuously consolidate it to make it a strong pillar for creating a new development dynamic. Expanding domestic demand is not a temporary policy to cope with financial risks and external shocks, nor is it about unleashing a deluge of strong stimulus policies or increasing government investment. Rather, it is about establishing an effective system to boost domestic demand based on China’s actual economic development, moving to tap the potential of demand, working faster to build a complete demand system, strengthening demand-side management, and expanding consumer spending while also upgrading the level of consumption, so that the development of our vast domestic market becomes a sustainable historical process.
构建新发展格局，实行高水平对外开放，必须具备强大的国内经济循环体系和稳固的基本盘，并以此形成对全球要素资源的强大吸引力、在激烈国际竞争中的强大竞争力、在全球资源配置中的强大推动力。既要持续深化商品、服务、资金、人才等要素流动型开放，又要稳步拓展规则、规制、管理、标准等制度型开放。要加强国内大循环在双循环中的主导作用，塑造我国参与国际合作和竞争新优势。要重视以国际循环提升国内大循环效率和水平，改善我国生产要素质量和配置水平。要通过参与国际市场竞争，增强我国出口产品和服务竞争力，推动我国产业转型升级，增强我国在全球产业链供应链创新链中的影响力。我国企业的利益已延伸到全球各个角落，大家要注重了解国际事务，深入研究利益攸关国、贸易伙伴国、投资对象国的情况，做到心中有数、趋利避害。
To create a new development dynamic and pursue high-standard opening up, we require robust domestic flow and stable economic fundamentals. On this basis, we can create a strong gravitational pull for global production factors and resources, a strong ability to hold our own amid intense international competition, and powerful momentum for the allocation of global resources. We should continue to deepen opening up based on the flow of production factors such as goods, services, capital, and personnel, and steadily expand institution-based opening up with regard to rules, regulations, management, and standards. We should see that China’s domestic circulation plays a stronger guiding role in dual-flow dynamics and foster new advantages for China’s participation in international economic cooperation and competition. We should work to harness international flow as a means for improving the efficiency and level of domestic flow and the quality and allocation of our production factors. Through competition in the international market, we should boost the competitiveness of our export products and services, and promote industrial transformation and upgrading to increase China’s influence in global industry chains, supply chains, and innovation chains. Chinese enterprises now have interests that extend to many countries around the world. This requires that we pay more attention to understanding international affairs and carrying out thorough studies on stakeholders, trading partners, and investment destinations, in order to establish a clear picture of potential benefits and risks.
总之，进入新发展阶段、贯彻新发展理念、构建新发展格局，是由我国经济社会发展的理论逻辑、历史逻辑、现实逻辑决定的，三者紧密关联。进入新发展阶段明确了我国发展的历史方位，贯彻新发展理念明确了我国现代化建设的指导原则，构建新发展格局明确了我国经济现代化的路径选择。把握新发展阶段是贯彻新发展理念、构建新发展格局的现实依据，贯彻新发展理念为把握新发展阶段、构建新发展格局提供了行动指南，构建新发展格局则是应对新发展阶段机遇和挑战、贯彻新发展理念的战略选择。
To sum up, entering a new stage of development, applying a new development philosophy, and building a new development dynamic are determined by the logic of China’s economic and social development theory, history, and practices. These three elements are closely interrelated. Our entry into the new development stage clarifies the historic juncture that national development has reached, the new development philosophy makes clear the guiding principles behind our modernization drive, and the new development dynamic elucidates the path that will take us to economic modernization. An understanding of the new development stage will provide us with the practical basis for applying the new development philosophy and creating a new development dynamic. The new development philosophy will provide us with a guide for understanding the new development stage and creating a new development dynamic. Creating a new development dynamic, on the other hand, is a strategic choice regarding our response to the opportunities and challenges in the new development stage and the implementation of the new development philosophy.
第四个问题：加强党对社会主义现代化建设的全面领导
Fourth, we need to strengthen the Party’s overall leadership over China’s modernization drive.
中国特色社会主义，最本质的特征是中国共产党领导，最鲜明的特色是理论创新和实践创新、制度自信和文化自信紧密结合，在推动发展上拥有强大的政治优势、理论优势、制度优势、文化优势。贯彻落实党的十九届五中全会精神要同贯彻落实党的十九届四中全会精神紧密结合起来，不断推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化，把坚持党的全面领导的政治优势、坚持中国特色社会主义制度的制度优势同坚持新发展理念的理论优势统一起来，推动党对社会主义现代化建设的领导在职能配置上更加科学合理、在体制机制上更加完备完善、在运行管理上更加高效。
The defining feature of socialism with Chinese characteristics is the leadership of the Communist Party of China, and its most prominent trait is its integration of theoretical and practical innovation and institutional and cultural confidence, all of which imbue socialism with Chinese characteristics with great political, theoretical, institutional, and cultural strengths for promoting development. We should implement the guiding principles of the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee in tandem with those of its Fourth Plenary Session to continue modernizing China’s system and capacity for governance, and combining the strengths of overall Party leadership and Chinese socialism with those of the new development philosophy in order to realize Party leadership over socialist modernization through better defined functions, more sophisticated systems, and more efficient management.
党的十九届五中全会精神能否贯彻落实好，事关未来5年、15年乃至更长时期党和国家事业发展大局。全会通过的“十四五”规划《建议》内容十分丰富，既有宏观思路、指导原则、战略思想，又有具体要求，既有党的十八大以来一以贯之的战略部署，又有新的重大判断、新的战略举措，不狠下一番功夫，是学不到手的。学不到手，贯彻全会精神就抓不住要害、踩不到点上、落不到实处。各级领导干部特别是高级干部要原原本本学习、逐条逐段领悟，在整体把握的前提下，突出领会好重点和创新点，发扬理论联系实际的优良学风，立足当前、着眼长远，增强工作积极性、主动性、创造性。
How well we implement the guiding principles of the Fifth Plenary Session will have a bearing on the overall development of our Party and country for the next five years, fifteen years, and beyond. The Recommendations for Formulating the 14th Five-Year Plan for Economic and Social Development and Long-Range Objectives through the Year 2035, which were adopted at the Fifth Plenary Session, are rich in content. They incorporate overarching approaches, principles, and strategies as well as detailed requirements, and include strategic decisions that we have been implementing since the CPC’s 18th National Congress as well as new major judgments and strategic moves. It is going to require a considerable effort to master this material. If we don’t have a thorough understanding of it, we will overlook the essential points and fail to achieve anything of practical value during implementation. Officials at all levels, particularly those in high-ranking positions, need to go through the Recommendations line by line. After acquiring a general understanding, they should delve into the key points and new ideas, and following our fine tradition of linking theory with practice, apply these to the present reality and the long-term horizon to give full play to their enthusiasm, initiative and creativity.
我多次讲，高级干部要成为马克思主义政治家，各级领导干部要成为政治上的明白人。前不久，在中央政治局民主生活会上，我又突出讲了这个问题。经济工作从来都不是抽象的、孤立的，而是具体的、联系的。各级领导干部特别是高级干部必须立足中华民族伟大复兴战略全局和世界百年未有之大变局，不断提高政治判断力、政治领悟力、政治执行力，心怀“国之大者”，不断提高把握新发展阶段、贯彻新发展理念、构建新发展格局的政治能力、战略眼光、专业水平，敢于担当、善于作为，把党中央决策部署贯彻落实好。
I have mentioned on many occasions that officials in high-ranking positions should be Marxist statesmen and that officials at every level must be politically discerning. Not long ago, I reiterated this point at a meeting of Party members in leadership positions held by the CPC Central Committee Political Bureau. Economic work is not abstract or isolated, but concrete and connected to the whole. Officials at all levels, particularly high-ranking ones, must act in accordance with the overarching strategy of national rejuvenation and the overall context of once-in-a-century world change, continue to enhance their capacity for political judgment, thinking, and implementation, and bear in mind the fundamental interests of our country. They should consistently strengthen their political ability, strategic foresight, and professional competence with regard to understanding the new development stage, applying the new development philosophy, and creating a new development dynamic. They must willingly shoulder their responsibilities and take effective action to implement the Central Committee’s decisions and plans.
我们党要领导一个十几亿人口的东方大国实现社会主义现代化，必须坚持实事求是、稳中求进、协同推进，加强前瞻性思考、全局性谋划、战略性布局、整体性推进，实现发展质量、结构、规模、速度、效益、安全相统一。全面建设社会主义现代化，一个地区、一个民族都不能落下，同时我国区域差异大、发展不平衡，现代化进程不可能齐步走，要鼓励有条件的地区率先实现现代化，支持带动其他地区实现现代化。
To lead China, a major country in the East with over one billion people, in achieving modernization, our Party must adhere to the principles of seeking truth from facts, pursuing progress while ensuring stability, and promoting coordinated development. We must plan in a more farsighted, comprehensive, and strategic fashion so that advances are made on all fronts and a balance is ensured between the quality, structure, scale, speed, performance, and security of development. In building a modern socialist country in all respects, we will leave no region or ethnic group behind; at the same time, due to significant regional disparities and the unbalanced nature of development, it is not possible to synchronize the modernization processes of all regions, and we should encourage and support regions with the right conditions to take the lead in modernization so as to pave the way for others.
年关将至，地方党政领导干部要在防疫情、保供应、保民生、保安全、保稳定方面多上心、多用心，把化解风险的工作抓早、抓细、抓实，营造安定祥和的社会环境。要持之以恒抓好常态化疫情防控工作，全面细致落实各项防控举措，迅速有效管控散发病例。要全面排查各种社会矛盾，加强分析研判，把握各种潜在风险因素，主动进行防范化解。要做好春节期间能源和物资供应保障、交通安全等工作。要完善社会治安防控体系，严厉打击破坏人民群众生命财产安全的违法犯罪行为，确保社会安定。对拖欠工程款和农民工工资等容易引发群体性事件的问题，要及时化解。
With the Chinese New Year just around the corner, local Party and government officials should go the extra mile in epidemic prevention and control and in ensuring ample supplies, people’s basic needs, and security and stability. We should take timely, specific, and practical measures to defuse risks in order to ensure a peaceful and joyous social atmosphere. We must firmly persist with routine epidemic control, thoroughly implement all prevention and control measures, and act swiftly to effectively deal with any sporadic cases. We should conduct a full investigation of social problems, strengthen analysis and assessment to attain a proper understanding of all potential risks, and take action to guard against and defuse these risks. We need to ensure energy and material supplies and transportation safety during the Spring Festival. We should enhance the crime prevention and control systems and crack down on illegal and criminal activities that affect the lives and property of our people to ensure social stability. We must act as soon as possible to resolve problems that could lead to public disturbances such as overdue payments for construction projects and wage arrears owed to rural migrant workers.
同志们！我常常想起邓小平同志1992年讲的一段话：“如果从建国起，用一百年时间把我国建设成中等水平的发达国家，那就很了不起！从现在起到下世纪中叶，将是很要紧的时期，我们要埋头苦干。我们肩膀上的担子重，责任大啊！”现在，担子压在我们大家身上了，责任落在我们大家肩上了，我们大家一定要勇挑重担、勇担重责，团结带领人民真抓实干、埋头苦干，努力作出无愧于党、无愧于人民、无愧于历史的成绩来！
Comrades, I often recall a remark that Deng Xiaoping made in 1992. He said, “If we can make China a moderately developed country within a hundred years from the founding of the People’s Republic, that will be an extraordinary achievement. The period from now to the middle of the next century will be crucial. We must immerse ourselves in hard work: we have difficult tasks to accomplish and bear a heavy responsibility.” Now, that heavy responsibility has fallen to us, and we must shoulder it with courage and determination. We must unite our people and lead them in working hard in a down-to-earth way to make achievements that are worthy of the Party, the people, and history.
※这是习近平总书记2021年1月11日在省部级主要领导干部学习贯彻党的十九届五中全会精神专题研讨班上的讲话。
*This was a speech made by General Secretary Xi Jinping at a seminar for provincial and ministerial level officials on studying and implementing the guiding principles of the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee, January 11, 2021.
