国家人权行动计划（2021－2025年）文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/12089.html
Human Rights Action Plan of China (2021-2025)文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/12089.html
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中华人民共和国国务院新闻办公室文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/12089.html
The State Council Information Office of the People’s Republic of China文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/12089.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/12089.html
2021年9月文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/12089.html
September 2021文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/12089.html
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目录文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/12089.html
Contents
导言
Introduction
一、经济、社会和文化权利
I. Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
（一）基本生活水准权利
- Right to Basic Standard of Living
（二）工作权利
- Right to Work
（三）社会保障权利
- Right to Social Security
（四）财产权益
- Right to Property
（五）健康权利
- Right to Health
（六）受教育权
- Right to Education
（七）文化权利
- Cultural Rights
二、公民权利和政治权利
II. Civil and Political Rights
（一）生命权
- Right to Life
（二）人身权利
- Personal Rights
（三）个人信息权益
- Individuals’ Information Rights and Interests
（四）宗教信仰自由
- Freedom of Religious Belief
（五）选举权和被选举权
- Rights to Vote and to Stand for Election
（六）知情权和参与权
- Rights to Be Informed and to Participate
（七）表达权和监督权
- Rights to Be Heard and to Exercise Public Scrutiny
（八）获得公正审判的权利
- Right to a Fair Trial
三、环境权利
III. Environmental Rights
（一）污染防治
- Pollution Prevention and Control
（二）生态环境信息公开
- Eco-Environmental Information Disclosure
（三）环境决策公众参与
- Public Participation in Environmental Decision-Making
（四）环境公益诉讼和生态环境损害赔偿
- Public Interest Environmental Litigation and Eco-Environmental Damage Compensation
（五）国土空间生态保护修复
- Territorial Eco-Environmental Restoration and Protection
（六）应对气候变化
- Response to Climate Change
四、特定群体权益保障
IV. Protecting the Rights of Particular Groups
（一）少数民族权益
- Rights of Ethnic Minority Groups
（二）妇女权益
- Women’s Rights
（三）儿童权益
- Children’s Rights
（四）老年人权益
- Rights of the Elderly
（五）残疾人权益
- Rights of Persons with Disabilities
五、人权教育和研究
V. Education and Research on Human Rights
（一）学校人权教育
- On-Campus Education
（二）人权研究
- Specialized Research
（三）人权知识培训
- Workplace Training
（四）人权知识普及
- Promotional Activities for the General Public
六、参与全球人权治理
VI. Participating in Global Human Rights Governance
（一）履行国际人权条约义务
- Fulfilling Obligations to International Human Rights Conventions
（二）深度参与联合国人权机构工作
- Engaging Substantially in the Work of UN Human Rights Bodies
（三）开展建设性人权对话与合作
- Joining in Constructive Dialogue and Cooperation on Human Rights
（四）为全球人权事业作出中国贡献
- Contributing to the International Cause of Human Rights
七、实施、监督和评估
VII. Implementation, Supervision and Assessment
导言
Introduction
自2009年以来，中国先后制定实施了三期国家人权行动计划，人民的生活水平持续提升，各项权利得到更加切实保障，保护特定群体权益的政策和法律措施更加完善，人权法治保障进一步加强，全面参与全球人权治理，为世界人权事业发展作出了重要贡献。
China has formulated and implemented three action plans on human rights since 2009. During this period, the Chinese people have prospered, their rights have been better protected, the policies and legal measures protecting the rights of particular groups have improved, and the legal safeguards for human rights have been strengthened. China has fully participated in global human rights governance, making a major contribution to the international cause of human rights.
2021－2025年是中国在全面建成小康社会、实现第一个百年奋斗目标之后，乘势而上开启全面建设社会主义现代化国家新征程、向第二个百年奋斗目标进军的第一个五年。
The First Centenary Goal of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects has been realized. The five-year period from 2021 to 2025 will see China set out on a new journey towards the Second Centenary Goal of building a modern socialist country.
全面建设社会主义现代化国家是中国人权事业发展的新起点。中国已经进入高质量发展阶段，中国人权事业发展具备了多方面的优势和条件。同时，社会主要矛盾已经转化为人民日益增长的美好生活需要和不平衡不充分的发展之间的矛盾，人民对美好生活的向往更加强烈，对人权保障的要求不断提高。当今世界正经历百年未有之大变局，叠加全球新冠肺炎疫情大流行，国际环境日趋复杂，不稳定性不确定性明显增强，中国和世界人权事业发展面临新挑战。
This period will also witness a new beginning for human rights in China. China’s economy has moved to a stage of high-quality development, so the country now has more favorable conditions to advance the cause of human rights. The principal challenge facing Chinese society is now the gap between unbalanced and inadequate development and the people’s ever-growing expectation for a better life, including higher expectations for the protection of their human rights. In the international arena, the world today is undergoing a scale of change unseen in a century, exacerbated by the Covid-19 pandemic. The international situation is becoming ever more complex, with mounting instability and uncertainty. The cause of human rights is encountering new challenges not only in China but throughout the world.
在总结前三期国家人权行动计划执行情况和实施经验的基础上，依据国家尊重和保障人权的宪法原则，遵循《世界人权宣言》和有关国际人权公约精神，结合《中华人民共和国国民经济和社会发展第十四个五年规划和2035年远景目标纲要》，立足促进人权事业全面发展，中国政府制定《国家人权行动计划（2021－2025年）》（以下简称《行动计划》），确定2021－2025年尊重、保护和促进人权的阶段性目标和任务。
The Chinese government has reviewed the implementation of the previous three human rights action plans and summarized the experience gained. Now it presents the Human Rights Action Plan of China (2021-2025) (the Action Plan) to define the objectives and tasks of respecting, protecting and promoting human rights in the period from 2021 to 2025.
This Action Plan adheres to the constitutional principle of respecting and protecting human rights, and the Outline for the 14th Five-Year Plan for Economic and Social Development and Long-Range Objectives Through the Year 2035. It follows the spirit embodied in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international human rights conventions.
制定和实施《行动计划》的指导思想是：坚持以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，坚持以人民为中心的发展思想，坚持人民幸福生活是最大的人权，将促进人的全面发展、全体人民共同富裕作为人权事业发展的出发点和落脚点，发展全过程人民民主，维护社会公平正义，着力解决人民群众急难愁盼问题，使全体人民的各项人权得到更高水平的保障，不断增强人民对于人权保障的获得感、幸福感、安全感。
The guidelines for formulating and implementing the Action Plan are:
- Following the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era;
- Staying committed to a people-centered philosophy of development, believing that a happy life for the people is the most important human right;
- Promoting well-rounded development of and common prosperity for all the people as the ultimate goal;
- Developing whole-process people’s democracy, safeguarding social fairness and justice, and resolving the most pressing difficulties and problems which are of great concern to the people;
- Ensuring a higher level of human rights protection for all, so that they will have a stronger sense of gain, happiness and security.
制定和实施《行动计划》的基本原则是：依法推进，将人权事业纳入法治轨道；协调推进，使各项人权全面协调发展；务实推进，把人权的普遍原则与中国实际相结合；平等推进，充分保障所有社会成员平等参与、平等发展的权利；合力推进，政府、企事业单位、社会组织共同促进人权事业的发展；智慧推进，充分利用数字技术拓展所有人自由全面发展的空间。
The basic principles in formulating and implementing the Action Plan are:
- incorporating the development of human rights into the legal framework;
- promoting all-round and balanced development of all human rights;
- integrating the general principles of human rights with the real conditions in China;
- fully guaranteeing all social members’ rights to equal participation and development;
- pooling the efforts of governments, enterprises, public institutions, and social organizations;
- tapping the potential of digital technology in expanding the free and well-rounded development of every person.
制定和实施《行动计划》的目标是：
The targets of the Action Plan are as follows:
——将促进全体人民的自由全面共同发展作为人权事业发展的总目标。坚持以人民为中心，将满足人民对人权保障的新需求作为奋斗方向。坚持人民主体地位，坚持发展为了人民，发展依靠人民，发展成果由人民共享，增进人民的获得感、幸福感、安全感。
- Promoting the free, well-rounded and common development of all individuals as the general goal. The Chinese government will hold fast to its people-centered approach, and exert itself to meet the people’s growing expectations for human rights protection. It will guarantee the principal position of the people, and ensure that development is for the people and relies on the people, and that development benefits are shared by the people.
——充分保障人民的经济社会文化权利，不断实现人民对美好生活的向往，为人的全面发展创造更加有利的经济社会文化条件。
- Protecting the people’s economic, social and cultural rights to meet their expectation for a better life, and creating more favorable economic, social and cultural conditions to achieve this goal.
——切实保障公民权利和政治权利，促进人民有效社会参与，为实现人的全面发展提供更为坚实的民主法治基础。
- Safeguarding the civil and political rights and promoting effective participation in social affairs, thus laying a sound democratic and legal foundation for well-rounded development of the people.
——坚持绿水青山就是金山银山理念，坚持尊重自然、顺应自然、保护自然，促进人与自然和谐共生，推进生态文明建设，建设美丽中国，为全人类和子孙后代共享发展创造可持续条件。
- Cherishing clear waters and green mountains as invaluable assets. China will continue to respect, work with, and protect mother nature, and promote the harmonious coexistence of humanity and nature. It will promote eco-environmental progress and work to build a beautiful China, in order to create a sustainable environment for human beings and later generations.
——加强对特定群体权益的平等保护和特殊扶助，促进所有人平等分享发展成果，为实现所有人全面发展提供政策支持。
- Reinforcing the equal protection of the rights and interests of particular groups and providing them with extra assistance, to ensure all have an equal share in the fruits of development, and to provide policy support for the well-rounded development of all.
——广泛开展人权教育、研究、培训和知识普及，营造全社会尊重和保障人权的文化氛围。
- Conducting extensive research, education, and training, and building awareness in this field, to create a social atmosphere of respecting and protecting human rights.
——积极参与全球人权治理，深度参与联合国人权机制工作，推动建设更加公平公正合理包容的全球人权治理体系，共同构建人类命运共同体。
- Participating in global human rights governance. China will engage itself in all work relating to the UN human rights mechanisms, propel the international community to establish a more just, fair, reasonable and inclusive governance system, and work together to build a global community of shared future.
《行动计划》由国务院新闻办公室和外交部牵头编制，经国家人权行动计划联席会议机制审核同意，现授权国务院新闻办公室发布。
Compiled under the leadership of the State Council Information Office and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and reviewed and approved by the joint meeting for the National Human Rights Action Plan, the Human Rights Action Plan of China (2021-2025) is hereby released by the State Council Information Office.
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