三、重点任务
III. Key Tasks文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/12440.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/12440.html
将碳达峰贯穿于经济社会发展全过程和各方面，重点实施能源绿色低碳转型行动、节能降碳增效行动、工业领域碳达峰行动、城乡建设碳达峰行动、交通运输绿色低碳行动、循环经济助力降碳行动、绿色低碳科技创新行动、碳汇能力巩固提升行动、绿色低碳全民行动、各地区梯次有序碳达峰行动等“碳达峰十大行动”。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/12440.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/12440.html
We will see that the goal to peak carbon dioxide emissions permeates the whole process and every aspect of economic and social development. Particular focus will be placed on implementation of ten major peaking carbon dioxide emissions actions, which are the action for green and low-carbon energy transition, the action for energy saving, carbon emission mitigation and efficiency improvement, the action for peaking carbon dioxide emissions in industry sector, the action for peaking carbon dioxide emissions in urban-rural development area, the action for promoting green and low-carbon transportation, the action for promoting circular economy in carbon mitigation purpose, the action for advancing green and low-carbon technology innovation, the action for consolidating and enhancing carbon sink, the action for green and low-carbon society, the action for promoting all regions peaking carbon dioxide emissions hierarchically and orderly.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/12440.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/12440.html
（一）能源绿色低碳转型行动。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/12440.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/12440.html
1. The action for green and low-carbon energy transition文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/12440.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/12440.html
能源是经济社会发展的重要物质基础，也是碳排放的最主要来源。要坚持安全降碳，在保障能源安全的前提下，大力实施可再生能源替代，加快构建清洁低碳安全高效的能源体系。
Energy is an important material foundation for economic and social development, as well as the principal source of carbon emissions. We will maintain commitment to cutting carbon emissions in a safe manner by vigorously promoting substitution of renewable sources of energy under the condition that energy security is ensured, and accelerate the development of a clean, low-carbon, safe and efficient energy system.
1．推进煤炭消费替代和转型升级。加快煤炭减量步伐，“十四五”时期严格合理控制煤炭消费增长，“十五五”时期逐步减少。严格控制新增煤电项目，新建机组煤耗标准达到国际先进水平，有序淘汰煤电落后产能，加快现役机组节能升级和灵活性改造，积极推进供热改造，推动煤电向基础保障性和系统调节性电源并重转型。严控跨区外送可再生能源电力配套煤电规模，新建通道可再生能源电量比例原则上不低于50%。推动重点用煤行业减煤限煤。大力推动煤炭清洁利用，合理划定禁止散烧区域，多措并举、积极有序推进散煤替代，逐步减少直至禁止煤炭散烧。
(a) Promoting coal substitution as well as transformation and upgrading
We will pick up the pace in cutting coal consumption, strictly and rationally limit the increase in coal consumption over the 14th Five-Year Plan period and phase it down in the 15th Five-Year Plan period. Severe restrictions will be placed on new coal power projects, and newly constructed units will meet the most advanced international standards for coal consumption. We will orderly phase-out outdated coal power capacity, accelerate energy-saving upgrades and flexibility retrofits on units that remain in service, actively advance retrofits in coal-fueled heating facilities, and push forward coal’s transition into a power source that is for ensuring basic needs and serves as a system regulating source. In trans-regional transmission of power generated by new energy resources, we will strictly control the scale of supplementary coal power, and ensure in principle that no less than 50% of electricity transmitted via newly constructed lines is generated from renewable resources. We will push key coal consuming industries to reduce and limit their coal consumption. We will vigorously promote the clean utilization of coal. We will rationally designate zones where burning of bulk coal is prohibited, promote efforts to replace bulk coal and make coal cleaner in an active and orderly manner through multiple measures, and gradually reduce and eventually prohibit burning of bulk coal.
2．大力发展新能源。全面推进风电、太阳能发电大规模开发和高质量发展，坚持集中式与分布式并举，加快建设风电和光伏发电基地。加快智能光伏产业创新升级和特色应用，创新“光伏+”模式，推进光伏发电多元布局。坚持陆海并重，推动风电协调快速发展，完善海上风电产业链，鼓励建设海上风电基地。积极发展太阳能光热发电，推动建立光热发电与光伏发电、风电互补调节的风光热综合可再生能源发电基地。因地制宜发展生物质发电、生物质能清洁供暖和生物天然气。探索深化地热能以及波浪能、潮流能、温差能等海洋新能源开发利用。进一步完善可再生能源电力消纳保障机制。到2030年，风电、太阳能发电总装机容量达到12亿千瓦以上。
(b) Vigorously developing new energy resources
We will spur large-scale, high-quality development of wind and solar power generation across the board, continue to promote both concentrated and distributed systems, and accelerate the construction of wind and solar farms. We will speed up innovative upgrading and specialized application of innovations in smart photovoltaic industry, creatively develop the “solar +” model, and promote a diversified layout in photovoltaic power generation. Emphasizing both onshore and offshore power generation systems, we will promote rapid and coordinated development of wind power, improve industrial chains for offshore wind power, and encourage the construction of offshore wind bases. We will actively develop solar thermal power generation, and promote the establishment of comprehensive bases for generating power with renewable resources where solar thermal, photovoltaic, and wind power complement each other. We will develop biomass power generation and heating as well as biogas according to local conditions. We will explore ways of expanding the exploitation and utilization of geothermal energy as well as new marine energy sources such as wave, tidal and ocean thermal energy. We will further refine mechanisms for ensuring the uptake of power generated from renewable sources. By 2030, total installed generation capacity of wind and solar power will reach above 1200 gigawatts.
3．因地制宜开发水电。积极推进水电基地建设，推动金沙江上游、澜沧江上游、雅砻江中游、黄河上游等已纳入规划、符合生态保护要求的水电项目开工建设，推进雅鲁藏布江下游水电开发，推动小水电绿色发展。推动西南地区水电与风电、太阳能发电协同互补。统筹水电开发和生态保护，探索建立水能资源开发生态保护补偿机制。“十四五”、“十五五”期间分别新增水电装机容量4000万千瓦左右，西南地区以水电为主的可再生能源体系基本建立。
(c) Developing hydro power according to local conditions
We will actively advance the construction of hydro power bases. This includes pushing for work to begin on the construction of hydro power projects that have already been incorporated into the plan and meet environmental protection requirements, including those on the upper Jinsha River, the upper Lancang River, the middle section of the Yalong River, and the upper Yellow River, pushing the development of hydro power on the lower Yarlung Zangpo River, and promoting the green development of small hydro power plants. We will push for coordination and complementarity between hydro, wind, and solar power generation in southwestern China. We will plan hydro power development and environment protection as a whole, and look into establishing mechanisms for compensating ecological conservation efforts in this regard. Approximately 40 gigawatts of additional hydro power capacity will be installed during both the 14th and 15th Five-Year Plan periods, respectively, while a renewable energy system based largely on hydro power will be generally established in southwestern China.
4．积极安全有序发展核电。合理确定核电站布局和开发时序，在确保安全的前提下有序发展核电，保持平稳建设节奏。积极推动高温气冷堆、快堆、模块化小型堆、海上浮动堆等先进堆型示范工程，开展核能综合利用示范。加大核电标准化、自主化力度，加快关键技术装备攻关，培育高端核电装备制造产业集群。实行最严格的安全标准和最严格的监管，持续提升核安全监管能力。
(d) Actively developing nuclear power through a safe and orderly approach
We will set a reasonable layout and timetable for the construction of nuclear power stations, and maintain a steady pace of construction. We will develop nuclear power in an orderly manner under the premise of ensuring safety and maintain a steady pace of construction. We will push forward demonstration projects for advanced reactor types including high-temperature gas-cooled reactors, fast reactors, small modular reactors, and offshore floating reactors, and conduct demonstrations on the comprehensive utilization of nuclear energy. We will step up efforts to make nuclear power more standardized and independently driven, move faster to make breakthroughs in key technologies and equipment, and foster industry clusters for the manufacturing of high-end nuclear power equipment. We will enforce the strictest safety standards and the most rigorous oversight, and continue to enhance capacity for supervising nuclear safety.
5．合理调控油气消费。保持石油消费处于合理区间，逐步调整汽油消费规模，大力推进先进生物液体燃料、可持续航空燃料等替代传统燃油，提升终端燃油产品能效。加快推进页岩气、煤层气、致密油（气）等非常规油气资源规模化开发。有序引导天然气消费，优化利用结构，优先保障民生用气，大力推动天然气与多种能源融合发展，因地制宜建设天然气调峰电站，合理引导工业用气和化工原料用气。支持车船使用液化天然气作为燃料。
(e) Rationally regulating oil and gas consumption
We will keep oil consumption within a reasonable range, gradually adjust the scale of gasoline consumption, vigorously promote alternatives like advanced liquid biofuels and sustainable aviation fuel in substitution for traditional fuel oils, and make end-user fueled by oil more efficient. We will speed up the large-scale exploitation of unconventional oil and gas resources including shale gas, coal bed gas, and tight oil and gas. We will steer natural gas consumption in an orderly manner by optimizing the structure of use with priority given to meeting public needs. Meanwhile, we will vigorously promote integrated development between natural gas and other energy resources, build natural gas peak shaving power plants according to local conditions, and rationally guide the use of natural gas for industrial and as feedstocks for chemicals industries. We will support the use of liquid natural gas as fuel for vehicles and ships.
6．加快建设新型电力系统。构建新能源占比逐渐提高的新型电力系统，推动清洁电力资源大范围优化配置。大力提升电力系统综合调节能力，加快灵活调节电源建设，引导自备电厂、传统高载能工业负荷、工商业可中断负荷、电动汽车充电网络、虚拟电厂等参与系统调节，建设坚强智能电网，提升电网安全保障水平。积极发展“新能源+储能”、源网荷储一体化和多能互补，支持分布式新能源合理配置储能系统。制定新一轮抽水蓄能电站中长期发展规划，完善促进抽水蓄能发展的政策机制。加快新型储能示范推广应用。深化电力体制改革，加快构建全国统一电力市场体系。到2025年，新型储能装机容量达到3000万千瓦以上。到2030年，抽水蓄能电站装机容量达到1.2亿千瓦左右，省级电网基本具备5%以上的尖峰负荷响应能力。
(f) Speeding up the development of the new electric power system
We will build a new electric power system that the share of new energy resources keeps increasing, and work toward an optimized distribution of clean electricity generation on a broad scale. We will make vigorous efforts to enhance the overall adjustable capacity of our electric power system, expedite the construction of flexible power sources, incorporate enterprise-affiliated power plants, the load of traditional energy intensive industries, interruptible industrial and commercial load, electric vehicle charging grids, and virtual power plants into regulation of the power system, build resilient smart electrical grids, and make grids more secure and reliable. We will actively develop the “new energy + energy storage” model, promote coordination of power source-grid-load-storage, use multiple energy sources to supplement each other, and support the deployment of appropriate energy storage systems for distributed new energy sources. We will draft a new round of medium to long-term development plans for pumped-storage hydro power stations, and refine policies and mechanisms for spurring the development of this type of energy storage. We will accelerate the broad demonstration and application of new types of energy storage. We will deepen structural reform with regard to electric power, and speed up development of a unified national electricity market. By 2025, installed capacity of new types of energy storage will reach 30 gigawatts or more. By 2030, installed pumped-storage hydro power capacity will reach approximately 120 gigawatts, and provincial-level electrical grids will be equipped with peak load response capacity of 5% or more.
（二）节能降碳增效行动。
2. The action for energy saving, carbon emission mitigation and efficiency improvement
落实节约优先方针，完善能源消费强度和总量双控制度，严格控制能耗强度，合理控制能源消费总量，推动能源消费革命，建设能源节约型社会。
We will implement the policy of putting conservation first, and improve systems for keeping energy consumption under control in terms of both volume and intensity, with especially strict controls on intensity and reasonable controls on volume. We will advance revolutionary changes in energy consumption, and build an energy conserving society.
1．全面提升节能管理能力。推行用能预算管理，强化固定资产投资项目节能审查，对项目用能和碳排放情况进行综合评价，从源头推进节能降碳。提高节能管理信息化水平，完善重点用能单位能耗在线监测系统，建立全国性、行业性节能技术推广服务平台，推动高耗能企业建立能源管理中心。完善能源计量体系，鼓励采用认证手段提升节能管理水平。加强节能监察能力建设，健全省、市、县三级节能监察体系，建立跨部门联动机制，综合运用行政处罚、信用监管、绿色电价等手段，增强节能监察约束力。
(a) Raising capacity for managing energy conservation across the board
We will introduce an energy budget management approach, intensify energy conservation reviews regarding fixed-asset investment projects, and conduct comprehensive assessments of projects’ energy use and carbon emissions, thus promoting energy conservation and carbon emissions reduction from the beginning. We will raise the level of informatization of energy management, improve systems for online monitoring of the energy consumption of key energy users, establish country-wide and industry-wide service platforms to promote energy-saving technologies, and push energy-intensive enterprises to set up energy management centers. We will refine energy measurement systems, and encourage the use of certification as a means to improve the level of management over energy conservation. We will step up the development of supervisory capacity with regard to energy conservation, improve systems for supervising energy conservation at the provincial, city, and county levels, establish mechanisms for interdepartmental action, and make full use of measures including administrative penalties, credibility checks, and tiered rates for electricity in order to make supervision over energy conservation a more binding force.
2．实施节能降碳重点工程。实施城市节能降碳工程，开展建筑、交通、照明、供热等基础设施节能升级改造，推进先进绿色建筑技术示范应用，推动城市综合能效提升。实施园区节能降碳工程，以高耗能高排放项目（以下称“两高”项目）集聚度高的园区为重点，推动能源系统优化和梯级利用，打造一批达到国际先进水平的节能低碳园区。实施重点行业节能降碳工程，推动电力、钢铁、有色金属、建材、石化化工等行业开展节能降碳改造，提升能源资源利用效率。实施重大节能降碳技术示范工程，支持已取得突破的绿色低碳关键技术开展产业化示范应用。
(b) Implementing key energy conservation and carbon reduction projects
We will implement energy conservation and carbon reduction projects in urban areas, carrying out energy-saving upgrades on building, transportation, lighting, and heating infrastructure, promoting the trial application of advanced green construction technologies, and advancing overall improvement of energy efficiency in urban areas. We will implement energy conservation and carbon reduction projects in industrial parks, promoting systematic optimization of energy systems and cascading use of energy with a focus on industrial parks where energy-intensive, high-emissions projects are concentrated, so as to foster a group of energy-saving, low-carbon industrial parks that meet advanced international standards. We will implement energy conservation and carbon reduction projects in key industries, carrying out energy-saving and carbon-cutting improvements in industries such as electric power, steel, non-ferrous metals, building materials, petrochemicals, and chemicals, and raising the efficiency with which energy and resource are used. We will implement major technological demonstration projects for energy conservation and carbon reduction, and support the trial industrial application of key green and low-carbon technologies in which breakthroughs have already been achieved.
3．推进重点用能设备节能增效。以电机、风机、泵、压缩机、变压器、换热器、工业锅炉等设备为重点，全面提升能效标准。建立以能效为导向的激励约束机制，推广先进高效产品设备，加快淘汰落后低效设备。加强重点用能设备节能审查和日常监管，强化生产、经营、销售、使用、报废全链条管理，严厉打击违法违规行为，确保能效标准和节能要求全面落实。
(c) Advancing better energy-saving performance and higher efficiency of major energy-consuming equipments
We will raise energy efficiency standards across the board with a focus on equipment including electrical machinery, draught fans, pumps, compressors, transformers, heat exchangers, and industrial boilers. We will establish efficiency-oriented incentives, popularize advanced high efficiency products and equipment, and move faster to retire outdated, low efficiency equipments. We will step up energy conservation checks and regular oversight on major energy consuming equipment, strengthen full-chain management covering production, marketing, sales, utilization, and disposal, crack down hard on activities that violate laws and regulations, and thus ensure full execution of energy efficiency standards and energy conservation requirements.
4．加强新型基础设施节能降碳。优化新型基础设施空间布局，统筹谋划、科学配置数据中心等新型基础设施，避免低水平重复建设。优化新型基础设施用能结构，采用直流供电、分布式储能、“光伏+储能”等模式，探索多样化能源供应，提高非化石能源消费比重。对标国际先进水平，加快完善通信、运算、存储、传输等设备能效标准，提升准入门槛，淘汰落后设备和技术。加强新型基础设施用能管理，将年综合能耗超过1万吨标准煤的数据中心全部纳入重点用能单位能耗在线监测系统，开展能源计量审查。推动既有设施绿色升级改造，积极推广使用高效制冷、先进通风、余热利用、智能化用能控制等技术，提高设施能效水平。
(d) Strengthening energy conservation and carbon reduction in new types of infrastructure
We will optimize the spatial layout, and make overall plans to set up new types of infrastructure such as data centers appropriately, avoiding low-quality duplicate construction. We will optimize the energy consumption mix in new types of infrastructure by employing models including direct current electricity, distributed energy storage, and “solar + storage,” making explorations into diversified energy supply, and raising the share of non-fossil fuels in total energy consumption. Comparing our initiatives with the advanced international standards, we will work faster to improve energy efficiency standards for communications, computing, storage, and transmission equipment, raise minimum thresholds, and retire outdated equipment and technologies. We will strengthen management over the energy usage of new types of infrastructure, putting all data centers whose annual overall energy consumption exceeds 10,000 tons of standard coal-equivalent under the energy consumption online monitoring system for key energy using organizations, and carrying out energy measurement audit. We will advance environmentally friendly upgrades for existing infrastructure, and actively promote the use of technologies including high-efficient refrigeration, advanced ventilation, surplus heat utilization, and smart control of energy usage, thus making infrastructure more energy-efficient.
（三）工业领域碳达峰行动。
3. The action for peaking carbon dioxide emissions in industry sector
工业是产生碳排放的主要领域之一，对全国整体实现碳达峰具有重要影响。工业领域要加快绿色低碳转型和高质量发展，力争率先实现碳达峰。
The industrial domain is one of the primary sources of carbon dioxide emissions, and therefore exerts an important impact on China’s efforts to peak overall carbon dioxide emissions. Industry must accelerate high-quality development and the green and low-carbon transition, and strive to take the lead in peaking carbon dioxide emissions.
1．推动工业领域绿色低碳发展。优化产业结构，加快退出落后产能，大力发展战略性新兴产业，加快传统产业绿色低碳改造。促进工业能源消费低碳化，推动化石能源清洁高效利用，提高可再生能源应用比重，加强电力需求侧管理，提升工业电气化水平。深入实施绿色制造工程，大力推行绿色设计，完善绿色制造体系，建设绿色工厂和绿色工业园区。推进工业领域数字化智能化绿色化融合发展，加强重点行业和领域技术改造。
(a) Promoting green and low-carbon development in the industrial domain
We will optimize the industrial structure, accelerate efforts to eliminate outdated production capacity, vigorously develop strategic emerging industries, and speed up green and low-carbon transformation in traditional industries. We will spur industrial energy consumption to go low-carbon, promote clean and efficient use of fossil fuels, increase the proportion of renewable energy used, strengthen electricity demand-side management, and raise the level of industrial electrification. We will thoroughly implement the green manufacturing project, vigorously promote green design, refine the green manufacturing system, and build green factories and industrial parks. We will drive integrated development of digital, smart, and green technology in the industrial domain, and bolster technological transformation in key industries and sectors.
2．推动钢铁行业碳达峰。深化钢铁行业供给侧结构性改革，严格执行产能置换，严禁新增产能，推进存量优化，淘汰落后产能。推进钢铁企业跨地区、跨所有制兼并重组，提高行业集中度。优化生产力布局，以京津冀及周边地区为重点，继续压减钢铁产能。促进钢铁行业结构优化和清洁能源替代，大力推进非高炉炼铁技术示范，提升废钢资源回收利用水平，推行全废钢电炉工艺。推广先进适用技术，深挖节能降碳潜力，鼓励钢化联产，探索开展氢冶金、二氧化碳捕集利用一体化等试点示范，推动低品位余热供暖发展。
(b) Pushing the steel industry to peak carbon dioxide emissions
We will deepen supply-side structural reform in the steel industry, rigorously execute production capacity replacement, strictly prohibit additional production capacity, push for the optimization of existing capacity, and retire outdated capacity. We will promote mergers and reorganization of steel enterprises across regions and ownership types, so as to make the industry more concentrated. We will optimize the layout of productive forces, and continue to push down steel production capacity with a particular focus on the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and surrounding areas. We will spur structural optimization for steel industry and the substitution of clean energy, vigorously promote demonstrations of non-blast furnace technology, improve recycling and reuse of steel scrap, and advance the use of electric furnace which can be totally charged with steel scrap. We will drive the application of advanced and appropriate technologies, squeeze out all available potential for saving energy and cutting carbon emissions, encourage linking steel and chemical production, conduct integrated trials on hydrogen metallurgy and integrated capture and utilization of carbon dioxide, and promote heating development with low-grade residual heat.
3．推动有色金属行业碳达峰。巩固化解电解铝过剩产能成果，严格执行产能置换，严控新增产能。推进清洁能源替代，提高水电、风电、太阳能发电等应用比重。加快再生有色金属产业发展，完善废弃有色金属资源回收、分选和加工网络，提高再生有色金属产量。加快推广应用先进适用绿色低碳技术，提升有色金属生产过程余热回收水平，推动单位产品能耗持续下降。
(c) Pushing the non-ferrous metals industry to peak carbon dioxide emissions
Building on our success in addressing overcapacity in electrolytic aluminum production, we will rigorously execute capacity replacement and strictly control additional capacity. We will promote substitution of clean energy, and increase the proportion of hydro, wind, and solar-generated electricity used. We will accelerate the development of the regenerated non-ferrous metals processing industry, improve the network of recycling, sorting and processing of non-ferrous metals scrap, and increase output of recycled non-ferrous metals. We will move faster to spread the use of green and low-carbon technologies that are advanced and applicable, step up recycling of residual heat from the non-ferrous metal production process, and continue to cut energy consumption per unit of production.
4．推动建材行业碳达峰。加强产能置换监管，加快低效产能退出，严禁新增水泥熟料、平板玻璃产能，引导建材行业向轻型化、集约化、制品化转型。推动水泥错峰生产常态化，合理缩短水泥熟料装置运转时间。因地制宜利用风能、太阳能等可再生能源，逐步提高电力、天然气应用比重。鼓励建材企业使用粉煤灰、工业废渣、尾矿渣等作为原料或水泥混合材。加快推进绿色建材产品认证和应用推广，加强新型胶凝材料、低碳混凝土、木竹建材等低碳建材产品研发应用。推广节能技术设备，开展能源管理体系建设，实现节能增效。
(d) Pushing the building materials industry to peak carbon dioxide emissions
We will strengthen oversight on production capacity replacement, move faster to eliminate low efficiency production capacity, strictly prohibit new cement clinker and flat glass production capacity, and guide the building materials industry in transitioning to become lighter, more intensive, and more product-oriented. We will promote making staggered production of cement a regular practice, and reasonably reduce the operating time of cement clinker equipment. We will utilize renewable energy like wind and solar according to local conditions, and gradually increase the proportion of electricity and natural gas in energy consumption. We will encourage building material enterprises to use coal fly ash, industrial waste residue, and mine tailings as raw materials or for mixing cement. We will speed up efforts to certify green building materials and spread their use, and accelerate the R&D and application of low-carbon gel material products like new binding materials, low-carbon concrete, and wood and bamboo building materials. We will expand the use of energy-saving technology and equipment and develop energy management systems to conserve energy and achieve higher efficiency.
5．推动石化化工行业碳达峰。优化产能规模和布局，加大落后产能淘汰力度，有效化解结构性过剩矛盾。严格项目准入，合理安排建设时序，严控新增炼油和传统煤化工生产能力，稳妥有序发展现代煤化工。引导企业转变用能方式，鼓励以电力、天然气等替代煤炭。调整原料结构，控制新增原料用煤，拓展富氢原料进口来源，推动石化化工原料轻质化。优化产品结构，促进石化化工与煤炭开采、冶金、建材、化纤等产业协同发展，加强炼厂干气、液化气等副产气体高效利用。鼓励企业节能升级改造，推动能量梯级利用、物料循环利用。到2025年，国内原油一次加工能力控制在10亿吨以内，主要产品产能利用率提升至80%以上。
(e) Pushing the petrochemical industry to peak carbon dioxide emissions
We will optimize the scale and layout of production capacity, step up efforts to retire outdated capacity, and address problems arising from structural overcapacity through effective measures. We will set strict thresholds on projects, appropriately arrange the timing of construction, strictly control additional production capacity in oil refining and traditional coal-based chemicals industry, and pursue development of a modern coal-based chemical industry in a steady and orderly manner. We will guide enterprises in shifting their energy use model, encouraging the substitution of sources like electricity and natural gas to coal. We will adjust the mix of raw materials, control additional use of coal, expand sources to import hydrogen-rich raw materials, and push for a transition to lighter raw materials in the petrochemical industry. We will optimize the product structure, promote coordinated development between the petrochemical industry and other industries including coal mining, metallurgy, building materials, and chemical fibers, and bolster efficient utilization of refinery byproducts such as dry gas and liquefied petroleum gas. We will encourage enterprises to carry out energy-saving upgrades, and promote cascading use of energy as well as circular use of materials. By 2025, domestic capacity for primary refining of crude oil will be kept below 1 billion metric tons, and the utilization rate of production capacity for main products will rise to 80% or more.
6．坚决遏制“两高”项目盲目发展。采取强有力措施，对“两高”项目实行清单管理、分类处置、动态监控。全面排查在建项目，对能效水平低于本行业能耗限额准入值的，按有关规定停工整改，推动能效水平应提尽提，力争全面达到国内乃至国际先进水平。科学评估拟建项目，对产能已饱和的行业，按照“减量替代”原则压减产能；对产能尚未饱和的行业，按照国家布局和审批备案等要求，对标国际先进水平提高准入门槛；对能耗量较大的新兴产业，支持引导企业应用绿色低碳技术，提高能效水平。深入挖潜存量项目，加快淘汰落后产能，通过改造升级挖掘节能减排潜力。强化常态化监管，坚决拿下不符合要求的“两高”项目。
(f) Firmly curbing the irrational expansion of energy-intensive and high-emission projects
Through forceful measures, we will implement list-based management and dynamic monitoring on energy-intensive and high-emission projects and handle them in a category-based manner. We will conduct a full investigation of ongoing projects, suspending operations in accordance with relevant regulations where energy efficiency levels are below the minimum threshold for the industry in question until problems are addressed. We will push for energy efficiency to be enhanced wherever possible, and strive to reach full compliance with advanced domestic and even international standards. We will scientifically assess planned projects. In industries where production capacity has already reached the point of saturation, we will push down capacity according to the “cut and replace” principle; in industries where capacity has not yet reached the point of saturation, we will raise thresholds to align with advanced international standards in accordance with national planning and review and filing requirements; and in emerging industries with relatively high energy consumption, we will provide guidance and support for enterprises in utilizing green and low-carbon technologies and raising energy efficiency. We will thoroughly tap into existing projects, accelerate efforts to phase-out outdated production capacity, and squeeze out potential for energy conservation and emissions reduction through upgrades. We will strengthen regular oversight, and rein in energy-intensive and high-emission projects that fail to meet requirements.
（四）城乡建设碳达峰行动。
4. The action for peaking carbon dioxide emissions in urban-rural development area
加快推进城乡建设绿色低碳发展，城市更新和乡村振兴都要落实绿色低碳要求。
We will speed up green and low-carbon development in urban and rural areas, ensuring that urban renewal and rural revitalization both meet green and low-carbon requirements.
1．推进城乡建设绿色低碳转型。推动城市组团式发展，科学确定建设规模，控制新增建设用地过快增长。倡导绿色低碳规划设计理念，增强城乡气候韧性，建设海绵城市。推广绿色低碳建材和绿色建造方式，加快推进新型建筑工业化，大力发展装配式建筑，推广钢结构住宅，推动建材循环利用，强化绿色设计和绿色施工管理。加强县城绿色低碳建设。推动建立以绿色低碳为导向的城乡规划建设管理机制，制定建筑拆除管理办法，杜绝大拆大建。建设绿色城镇、绿色社区。
(a) Promoting green and low-carbon transformation in urban and rural development
We will promote the development of city clusters, deciding the size of cities in a rational manner and curbing excessively rapid increase in the amount of incremental construction land. We will promote green and low-carbon concepts of planning and design, making urban and rural areas more climate resilient and developing sponge cities. We will expand the use of green and low-carbon building materials and green approaches of construction. We will promote the industrialization of new types of buildings, work harder to develop prefabricated buildings, build more steel structure houses, promote recycling of building materials, and intensify green design and construction management. We will strengthen green and low-carbon development of county towns. We will establish mechanisms for managing urban and rural planning and development that are geared toward green and low-carbon development. We will formulate regulations on the management of building demolition and put an end to demolition and construction of buildings on a large scale. We will work hard to develop green cities, towns, and communities.
2．加快提升建筑能效水平。加快更新建筑节能、市政基础设施等标准，提高节能降碳要求。加强适用于不同气候区、不同建筑类型的节能低碳技术研发和推广，推动超低能耗建筑、低碳建筑规模化发展。加快推进居住建筑和公共建筑节能改造，持续推动老旧供热管网等市政基础设施节能降碳改造。提升城镇建筑和基础设施运行管理智能化水平，加快推广供热计量收费和合同能源管理，逐步开展公共建筑能耗限额管理。到2025年，城镇新建建筑全面执行绿色建筑标准。
(b) Accelerating building energy efficiency improvement
We will work faster to update standards in fields such as building energy efficiency and municipal infrastructure, instituting higher requirements for saving energy and reducing carbon emissions. We will step up the R&D and application of energy-saving and low-carbon technologies that can be used in various climatic regions and for different buildings in order to develop ultra-low-energy consumption and low-carbon buildings on a large scale. We will speed up renovation of residential and public buildings to achieve energy efficiency and continue to advance energy-saving and carbon-cutting upgrades of heating pipe networks and other municipal infrastructure. We will increase the intelligence level of managing the operations of urban buildings and infrastructure. We will move more quickly to expand the use of metered charging for heating and energy performance contracting, and gradually set energy consumption caps for public buildings. By 2025, all newly-constructed buildings in urban areas will meet green building standards.
3．加快优化建筑用能结构。深化可再生能源建筑应用，推广光伏发电与建筑一体化应用。积极推动严寒、寒冷地区清洁取暖，推进热电联产集中供暖，加快工业余热供暖规模化应用，积极稳妥开展核能供热示范，因地制宜推行热泵、生物质能、地热能、太阳能等清洁低碳供暖。引导夏热冬冷地区科学取暖，因地制宜采用清洁高效取暖方式。提高建筑终端电气化水平，建设集光伏发电、储能、直流配电、柔性用电于一体的“光储直柔”建筑。到2025年，城镇建筑可再生能源替代率达到8%，新建公共机构建筑、新建厂房屋顶光伏覆盖率力争达到50%。
(c) Accelerating the optimization of building energy consumption structure
We will work deeply to promote the use of renewable energy in buildings, and expand the integration of photovoltaics into buildings. We will actively promote clean energy heating in regions with cold and severe cold conditions. We will promote central heating with combined heat and power, and speed up the large-scale application of residual heat from industrial processes in heating systems. We will launch demonstrations of nuclear heating in an active and prudent manner, and promote clean, low-carbon heating using heat pumps, biomass, geothermal energy, and solar energy according to local conditions. We will guide regions with hot summers and cold winters in procuring heating through rational, clean, and highly efficient means based on their conditions. We will increase proportion of buildings’ energy consumption on electricity, and construct buildings integrating photovoltaic power generation, energy storage, DC power distribution, and flexible power consumption. By 2025, renewable resources will account for 8% of the alternative to conventional energy used in buildings, and we will strive to reach 50% photovoltaic coverage on the roofs of newly constructed public buildings and factories.
4．推进农村建设和用能低碳转型。推进绿色农房建设，加快农房节能改造。持续推进农村地区清洁取暖，因地制宜选择适宜取暖方式。发展节能低碳农业大棚。推广节能环保灶具、电动农用车辆、节能环保农机和渔船。加快生物质能、太阳能等可再生能源在农业生产和农村生活中的应用。加强农村电网建设，提升农村用能电气化水平。
(d) Promoting a low-carbon transition in rural development and energy consumption
We will spur the construction of environmentally-friendly rural housing, and speed up energy-saving upgrades on rural housing. We will advance clean energy heating in rural areas by adopting heating approaches suitable to local conditions. We will develop energy-saving, low-carbon greenhouses for agriculture and promote the use of energy-saving, eco-friendly cookers, electric agricultural vehicles, and energy-saving, eco-friendly agricultural machinery and fishing boats. We will speed up the application of renewable energy resources, such as biomass energy and solar energy, in agricultural production and daily life in rural areas. We will strengthen development of rural electrical grids so as to expand the share of electricity in rural energy consumption.
