（五）交通运输绿色低碳行动。
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/12440.html
5. The action for promoting green and low-carbon transportation文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/12440.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/12440.html
加快形成绿色低碳运输方式，确保交通运输领域碳排放增长保持在合理区间。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/12440.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/12440.html
We will move faster to develop green and low-carbon modes of transportation to keep the growth of carbon emissions in the transportation domain within an appropriate range.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/12440.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/12440.html
1．推动运输工具装备低碳转型。积极扩大电力、氢能、天然气、先进生物液体燃料等新能源、清洁能源在交通运输领域应用。大力推广新能源汽车，逐步降低传统燃油汽车在新车产销和汽车保有量中的占比，推动城市公共服务车辆电动化替代，推广电力、氢燃料、液化天然气动力重型货运车辆。提升铁路系统电气化水平。加快老旧船舶更新改造，发展电动、液化天然气动力船舶，深入推进船舶靠港使用岸电，因地制宜开展沿海、内河绿色智能船舶示范应用。提升机场运行电动化智能化水平，发展新能源航空器。到2030年，当年新增新能源、清洁能源动力的交通工具比例达到40%左右，营运交通工具单位换算周转量碳排放强度比2020年下降9.5%左右，国家铁路单位换算周转量综合能耗比2020年下降10%。陆路交通运输石油消费力争2030年前达到峰值。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/12440.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/12440.html
(a) Promoting low-carbon transformation of transportation vehicles and equipment文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/12440.html
We will expand the application of new and clean energy in transportation, such as electricity, hydrogen power, natural gas, and advanced liquid biofuels. We will vigorously promote new-energy vehicles, while gradually reducing the proportion of cars that run on traditional oil-based fuels in new car sales and car ownership, promote the replacement of public service vehicles with electric vehicles and the use of heavy cargo trucks fueled by electricity, hydrogen fuel, and liquefied natural gas. We will make the railway system more electricity based. We will work faster to upgrade old ships, and develop ships fueled by electric power and liquefied natural gas. We will further promote the use of shore power by ships while in port. We will make in-depth efforts to advance demonstration and utilization of green, smart ships along coastline and inland waterways according to local conditions. We will work to make airport operations based increasingly on electric power and smart technology, and develop new-energy aircraft. By 2030, the share of incremental vehicles fueled by new and clean energy will reach around 40%, carbon emission intensity of commercial vehicles measured on the basis of converted turnover will be cut by about 9.5% compared with 2020, and comprehensive energy consumption of the national railways per unit of converted turnover will be cut by 10% compared with 2020. We will strive to reach a peak in petroleum consumption for land transportation before 2030.
2．构建绿色高效交通运输体系。发展智能交通，推动不同运输方式合理分工、有效衔接，降低空载率和不合理客货运周转量。大力发展以铁路、水路为骨干的多式联运，推进工矿企业、港口、物流园区等铁路专用线建设，加快内河高等级航道网建设，加快大宗货物和中长距离货物运输“公转铁”、“公转水”。加快先进适用技术应用，提升民航运行管理效率，引导航空企业加强智慧运行，实现系统化节能降碳。加快城乡物流配送体系建设，创新绿色低碳、集约高效的配送模式。打造高效衔接、快捷舒适的公共交通服务体系，积极引导公众选择绿色低碳交通方式。“十四五”期间，集装箱铁水联运量年均增长15%以上。到2030年，城区常住人口100万以上的城市绿色出行比例不低于70%。
(b) Developing green, high efficiency transportation systems
We will develop smart transportation and promote rational division of functions and effective linkages between different means of transportation, so as to reduce empty-loading ratio and unreasonable turnover in passenger and freight transportation. We will make great effort to develop multimodal transportation with railway and waterway transportation as the mainstay. We will continue to construct special railway lines for industrial and mining enterprises, ports, and logistic parks, and accelerate development of high-level inland waterway networks so as to facilitate a shift in bulk cargo transportation and mid-long distance freight transportation from highways to railways and waterways. We will boost application of advanced and applicable technologies so as to make operation and management of civil aviation more efficient. We will guide businesses in the aviation sector in making their operations smarter and saving energy and reducing carbon emissions in a systematic manner. We will speed up development of the urban-rural logistics and distribution system, and create green and low-carbon, intensive, and highly efficient modes of distribution. We will develop public transport service systems that are fast, convenient, comfortable, and linked efficiently, and actively encourage people to choose green and low-carbon means of transportation. During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, the volume of rail-ship container transportation will increase above 15% annually. By 2030, no less than 70% of travel will be conducted through environmentally friendly means in cities with permanent populations of one million or more.
3．加快绿色交通基础设施建设。将绿色低碳理念贯穿于交通基础设施规划、建设、运营和维护全过程，降低全生命周期能耗和碳排放。开展交通基础设施绿色化提升改造，统筹利用综合运输通道线位、土地、空域等资源，加大岸线、锚地等资源整合力度，提高利用效率。有序推进充电桩、配套电网、加注（气）站、加氢站等基础设施建设，提升城市公共交通基础设施水平。到2030年，民用运输机场场内车辆装备等力争全面实现电动化。
(c) Accelerating construction of green transport infrastructure
We will implement green and low-carbon thought throughout the whole process of planning, building, operating, and maintaining transport infrastructure, reducing lifecycle energy consumption and carbon emissions. We will carry out green and low-carbon transformation of transport infrastructure, and make utilization of infrastructure more efficient by coordinating the use of route, land, and airspace resources in comprehensive transportation corridors and integrating resources such as waterfront and anchorage. We will boost construction of infrastructure such as charging piles, supporting power grids, and natural gas and hydrogen fueling stations through an orderly approach to improve public transport infrastructure in urban areas. By 2030, all ground vehicles and equipment at civil airports will strive to be powered by electricity.
（六）循环经济助力降碳行动。
6. The action for promoting circular economy in carbon mitigation purpose
抓住资源利用这个源头，大力发展循环经济，全面提高资源利用效率，充分发挥减少资源消耗和降碳的协同作用。
Focusing on resource utilization as a key factor, we will push ahead with the development of the circular economy, and work toward an all-around improvement in the efficiency of resource utilization. In the process, we will fully leverage synergistic effects between efforts to reduce resource consumption and cut carbon emissions.
1．推进产业园区循环化发展。以提升资源产出率和循环利用率为目标，优化园区空间布局，开展园区循环化改造。推动园区企业循环式生产、产业循环式组合，组织企业实施清洁生产改造，促进废物综合利用、能量梯级利用、水资源循环利用，推进工业余压余热、废气废液废渣资源化利用，积极推广集中供气供热。搭建基础设施和公共服务共享平台，加强园区物质流管理。到2030年，省级以上重点产业园区全部实施循环化改造。
(a) Pushing industrial parks to develop in a circular manner
Setting our sights on enhancing the productivity of resources and raising the rate at which they are recycled, we will optimize the spatial layout of industrial parks, and retrofit these parks to facilitate circular production. Circular production in enterprises and circular organization of industries in these parks will be encouraged as well, and arrangements will be made for enterprises to conduct retrofits for clean production. We will promote the comprehensive utilization of waste, cascading use of energy, and circular use of water resources. To be specific, we will facilitate the recycling of residual heat and pressure as well as waste gas, liquid, and slag from industrial processes, and actively expand the application of centralized gas and heating supply. We will set up platforms for sharing infrastructure and public services, and strengthen the management of material flow in parks. By 2030, all key industrial parks at the provincial level or above will be upgraded to support circular operations.
2．加强大宗固废综合利用。提高矿产资源综合开发利用水平和综合利用率，以煤矸石、粉煤灰、尾矿、共伴生矿、冶炼渣、工业副产石膏、建筑垃圾、农作物秸秆等大宗固废为重点，支持大掺量、规模化、高值化利用，鼓励应用于替代原生非金属矿、砂石等资源。在确保安全环保前提下，探索将磷石膏应用于土壤改良、井下充填、路基修筑等。推动建筑垃圾资源化利用，推广废弃路面材料原地再生利用。加快推进秸秆高值化利用，完善收储运体系，严格禁烧管控。加快大宗固废综合利用示范建设。到2025年，大宗固废年利用量达到40亿吨左右；到2030年，年利用量达到45亿吨左右。
(b) Strengthening the comprehensive use of bulk solid waste
We will enhance the comprehensive utilization level and increase the multipurpose utilization rates of mineral resources. We will support the large-scale utilization of waste in manner that maximizes proportion and value with a focus on bulk solid wastes including coal gangue, coal fly ash, tailings, associated minerals, smelting slag, byproduct gypsum, construction refuse, and crop straw, and encourage the use of such waste as a substitute for raw non-metallic minerals and gravel. On the condition of being safe and eco-friendly, we will explore the use of phosphogypsum in improving soil, back filling underground mines, and preparing sub-grade for roads. The recycling of construction wastes will be promoted, and the in-situ reclamation and use of abandoned pavement materials will be widely applied. We will accelerate the recycling of crop straw in a way that maximizes its value by refining systems for purchase, storage, and transportation, while strictly enforcing the burning ban. We will also speed up efforts to carry out demonstration projects for the comprehensive utilization of bulk solid waste. By 2025, the amount of bulk solid waste recycled annually will reach around 4 billion metric tons, rising to about 4.5 billion by 2030.
3．健全资源循环利用体系。完善废旧物资回收网络，推行“互联网+”回收模式，实现再生资源应收尽收。加强再生资源综合利用行业规范管理，促进产业集聚发展。高水平建设现代化“城市矿产”基地，推动再生资源规范化、规模化、清洁化利用。推进退役动力电池、光伏组件、风电机组叶片等新兴产业废物循环利用。促进汽车零部件、工程机械、文办设备等再制造产业高质量发展。加强资源再生产品和再制造产品推广应用。到2025年，废钢铁、废铜、废铝、废铅、废锌、废纸、废塑料、废橡胶、废玻璃等9种主要再生资源循环利用量达到4.5亿吨，到2030年达到5.1亿吨。
(c) Refining systems for resource recycling
We will improve recycling networks for used materials and waste, and put an “Internet +” recycling model into practice, thus realizing the reclamation of renewable resources to the fullest possible extent. We will strengthen the standardized management of industries related to the comprehensive utilization of renewable resources in order to foster industry clusters. We will advance the high-standard construction of modernized centers for recovering mineral resources from urban waste, and promote the clean, standardized, and large-scale use of renewable resources. We will push forward circular utilization of waste from emerging industries such as decommissioned batteries, photovoltaic modules, and rotor blades of wind turbines. We will also drive high-quality development of remanufacturing industries such as auto parts, engineering machinery, and stationery and office equipment. We will expand the use of remanufactured products and products made from recycled resources. By 2025, the total amount of nine major reusable resources including steel scrap, cooper, aluminum, lead, zinc, waste paper, plastic, rubber, and glass recycled will top 450 million metric tons, reaching 510 million by 2030.
4．大力推进生活垃圾减量化资源化。扎实推进生活垃圾分类，加快建立覆盖全社会的生活垃圾收运处置体系，全面实现分类投放、分类收集、分类运输、分类处理。加强塑料污染全链条治理，整治过度包装，推动生活垃圾源头减量。推进生活垃圾焚烧处理，降低填埋比例，探索适合我国厨余垃圾特性的资源化利用技术。推进污水资源化利用。到2025年，城市生活垃圾分类体系基本健全，生活垃圾资源化利用比例提升至60%左右。到2030年，城市生活垃圾分类实现全覆盖，生活垃圾资源化利用比例提升至65%。
(d) Vigorously promoting efforts to reduce and recycle household waste
We will move steadily ahead with the sorting of household waste, and work faster to establish collection, transportation, and disposal systems for household waste covering all of society, thereby ensuring that all household waste can be discarded, collected, transported, and disposed of in a well-sorted manner. We will intensify efforts to control plastic pollution throughout the entire process from production to recycling, and take action against excessive packaging, so as to reduce the amount of household waste from this source. We will promote incineration of household waste, bring down the proportion of waste disposed in landfills, and develop recycling technology that is tailored to the peculiarities of kitchen waste in China. The recycling of sewage will also be advanced. By 2025, a basic sorting system for urban household waste will be established, with the reclamation rate up to about 60%. By 2030, the sorting system for urban household waste will cover all cities, and the reclamation rate will rise to 65%.
（七）绿色低碳科技创新行动。
7. The action for advancing green and low-carbon technology innovation
发挥科技创新的支撑引领作用，完善科技创新体制机制，强化创新能力，加快绿色低碳科技革命。
We will give full play to the supporting and guiding role of scientific and technological innovation and improve the relevant mechanisms and systems, so as to enhance our innovation capability and accelerate the revolution in green and low-carbon science and technology.
1．完善创新体制机制。制定科技支撑碳达峰碳中和行动方案，在国家重点研发计划中设立碳达峰碳中和关键技术研究与示范等重点专项，采取“揭榜挂帅”机制，开展低碳零碳负碳关键核心技术攻关。将绿色低碳技术创新成果纳入高等学校、科研单位、国有企业有关绩效考核。强化企业创新主体地位，支持企业承担国家绿色低碳重大科技项目，鼓励设施、数据等资源开放共享。推进国家绿色技术交易中心建设，加快创新成果转化。加强绿色低碳技术和产品知识产权保护。完善绿色低碳技术和产品检测、评估、认证体系。
(a) Improving innovation mechanisms and systems
An action plan will be formulated to ensure that science and technology support and guide China’s achievement of peaking carbon dioxide emissions and achieving carbon neutrality. Major R&D and demonstration projects for key technologies related to the achievement of peaking carbon dioxide emissions and achieving carbon neutrality will be set up in national key R&D programs, making use of open competition mechanisms to select the best candidates to lead the projects, and intensifying core technology research for reaching low carbon, zero carbon, and carbon negative. Achievements in green and low-carbon technological innovation will be included in the performance assessments of institutions of universities, scientific and research institutes, and state-owned enterprises. We will boost the principal role of enterprises in innovation, support their participation in major national green and low-carbon science and technology projects, and encourage the sharing of facilities, data, and other resources. A national green technology trade center will be set up to accelerate the commercialization of innovations. The intellectual property rights protection for green and low-carbon technologies and products will be strengthened, and the testing, evaluation, and certification systems for them will be improved.
2．加强创新能力建设和人才培养。组建碳达峰碳中和相关国家实验室、国家重点实验室和国家技术创新中心，适度超前布局国家重大科技基础设施，引导企业、高等学校、科研单位共建一批国家绿色低碳产业创新中心。创新人才培养模式，鼓励高等学校加快新能源、储能、氢能、碳减排、碳汇、碳排放权交易等学科建设和人才培养，建设一批绿色低碳领域未来技术学院、现代产业学院和示范性能源学院。深化产教融合，鼓励校企联合开展产学合作协同育人项目，组建碳达峰碳中和产教融合发展联盟，建设一批国家储能技术产教融合创新平台。
(b) Enhancing innovation capability and personnel training
National laboratories, key national laboratories, and national technology innovation centers related to the realization of peaking carbon dioxide emissions and achieving carbon neutrality will be set up, relevant major national science and technology infrastructure will be planned in advance, and enterprises, universities, and research institutes will be guided in a joint effort to build national green and low-carbon industrial innovation centers. We will develop new approaches in personnel training, encourage institutions of universities to accelerate discipline development and talent training in new energy, energy storage, hydrogen energy, carbon emissions mitigation, carbon sinks, and the carbon emission trading, and establish a group of future institutes of technology, modern industrial institutes, and demonstration energy institutes focusing on green and low-carbon technologies. We will deepen industry-education integration, encourage school-enterprise cooperation in educating students, launch an alliance for industry-education integration on the realization of peaking carbon dioxide emissions and achieving carbon neutrality, and set up a number of national innovation platforms for industry-education integration on energy storage technology.
3．强化应用基础研究。实施一批具有前瞻性、战略性的国家重大前沿科技项目，推动低碳零碳负碳技术装备研发取得突破性进展。聚焦化石能源绿色智能开发和清洁低碳利用、可再生能源大规模利用、新型电力系统、节能、氢能、储能、动力电池、二氧化碳捕集利用与封存等重点，深化应用基础研究。积极研发先进核电技术，加强可控核聚变等前沿颠覆性技术研究。
(c) Boosting application-oriented basic research
We will launch a group of major national projects for forward-looking, strategically important cutting-edge technologies with a view to making breakthroughs in low-carbon, zero-carbon, and carbon-negative technological equipment R&D. Focusing on green and smart development and the clean, low-carbon utilization of fossil energy, large-scale utilization of renewable energy, new types of power system, energy conservation, hydrogen energy, energy storage, power batteries, and carbon dioxide capture, utilization, and storage, we will deepen application-oriented basic research. We will step up R&D in advanced nuclear energy technology, particularly cutting edge and disruptive technologies such as controlled nuclear fusion.
4．加快先进适用技术研发和推广应用。集中力量开展复杂大电网安全稳定运行和控制、大容量风电、高效光伏、大功率液化天然气发动机、大容量储能、低成本可再生能源制氢、低成本二氧化碳捕集利用与封存等技术创新，加快碳纤维、气凝胶、特种钢材等基础材料研发，补齐关键零部件、元器件、软件等短板。推广先进成熟绿色低碳技术，开展示范应用。建设全流程、集成化、规模化二氧化碳捕集利用与封存示范项目。推进熔盐储能供热和发电示范应用。加快氢能技术研发和示范应用，探索在工业、交通运输、建筑等领域规模化应用。
(d) Accelerating the R&D and wider application of advanced practical technologies
We will intensify innovation on technologies, particularly into the safe, stable operation and control of major complex power grids, large wind farms, high-efficiency photovoltaic panels, heavy-duty liquefied natural gas engines, large capacity energy storage, low-cost hydrogen production from renewable energy sources, and low-cost carbon dioxide capture, utilization, and storage; accelerate R&D in basic materials such as carbon fiber, aerogel, and special steel; and shore up our short slab in key spare parts, components, and software. We will broaden the application of advanced, mature green and low-carbon technologies and carry out related demonstrations. We will carry out demonstration projects for whole-process, integrated, and large-scale carbon dioxide capture, utilization, and storage as well as demonstrations for the application of molten salt storage for heat supply and power generation. R&D into hydrogen energy technology and its demonstrations applications will be accelerated, and its large-scale application will be trialed in industry, transportation, and construction.
（八）碳汇能力巩固提升行动。
8. The action for consolidating and enhancing carbon sink
坚持系统观念，推进山水林田湖草沙一体化保护和修复，提高生态系统质量和稳定性，提升生态系统碳汇增量。
We will apply systems thinking, and adopt a holistic approach to the conservation of mountain, river, forest, farmland, lake, grassland, and desert ecosystems. Efforts will be made to improve the quality and stability and the carbon sink capacity of our ecosystems.
1．巩固生态系统固碳作用。结合国土空间规划编制和实施，构建有利于碳达峰、碳中和的国土空间开发保护格局。严守生态保护红线，严控生态空间占用，建立以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系，稳定现有森林、草原、湿地、海洋、土壤、冻土、岩溶等固碳作用。严格执行土地使用标准，加强节约集约用地评价，推广节地技术和节地模式。
(a) Consolidating the carbon sequestration capacity of ecosystems
By making and implementing China’s territorial space plans, we will work to form a new model of development and protection, which is conducive to peaking carbon dioxide emissions and achieving carbon neutrality. We must strictly enforce red lines in ecological conservation, control the use of ecological spaces, and build a nature reserve system centered on national parks, to stabilize the carbon sequestration ability of forests, grasslands, rivers and lakes, wetlands, oceans, soil, permafrost, and karst areas. We must strictly implement standards for land use, promote economical and intensive use of land, and spread relevant technologies and practices.
2．提升生态系统碳汇能力。实施生态保护修复重大工程。深入推进大规模国土绿化行动，巩固退耕还林还草成果，扩大林草资源总量。强化森林资源保护，实施森林质量精准提升工程，提高森林质量和稳定性。加强草原生态保护修复，提高草原综合植被盖度。加强河湖、湿地保护修复。整体推进海洋生态系统保护和修复，提升红树林、海草床、盐沼等固碳能力。加强退化土地修复治理，开展荒漠化、石漠化、水土流失综合治理，实施历史遗留矿山生态修复工程。到2030年，全国森林覆盖率达到25%左右，森林蓄积量达到190亿立方米。
(b) Enhancing the carbon sink capacity of ecosystems
We will carry out large-scale programs to protect and restore major ecosystems. We will push ahead with large-scale afforestation, and consolidate achievements already made in returning marginal farmland to forests and grasslands, to increase forest and grassland resources. We will strengthen forest protection, and take targeted measures to improve the quality of our forests, so as to enhance the quality and stability of forests. We will step up efforts to protect and restore grassland ecosystems, and increase the overall vegetation coverage of grasslands. We will strengthen the protection and restoration of rivers, lakes, and wetlands. We will comprehensively protect and restore marine ecosystems, improve the carbon sequestration capacity of mangroves, seagrass beds, and salt marshes. We will move forward with efforts to restore and improve degraded land, and make comprehensive efforts to curb desertification, rocky desertification, and soil erosion. We will work to improve and restore environments surrounding abandoned mining areas. We will expand forest coverage around 25% of China’s total land area and increase forest stock volume to 19 billion cubic meters by 2030.
3．加强生态系统碳汇基础支撑。依托和拓展自然资源调查监测体系，利用好国家林草生态综合监测评价成果，建立生态系统碳汇监测核算体系，开展森林、草原、湿地、海洋、土壤、冻土、岩溶等碳汇本底调查、碳储量评估、潜力分析，实施生态保护修复碳汇成效监测评估。加强陆地和海洋生态系统碳汇基础理论、基础方法、前沿颠覆性技术研究。建立健全能够体现碳汇价值的生态保护补偿机制，研究制定碳汇项目参与全国碳排放权交易相关规则。
(c) Strengthening the foundation for ecological system carbon sinks
Based on and supported by the systems for investigating and monitoring natural resources, we will make good use of the results of national comprehensive monitoring and evaluation of forest and grassland ecosystems, and develop a system for monitoring and accounting the carbon sink capacity of ecosystems. We will carry out background surveys of carbon sink in forests, grasslands, wetlands, oceans, soil, permafrost, and karst areas, evaluate their stock, and analyze their potential. We will also monitor and evaluate carbon sink capacities of protected and restored ecosystems. We will strengthen research on basic theories, basic methods, and cutting-edge disruptive technologies in relation to carbon sinks in land and marine ecosystems. We will improve mechanisms for ecological compensation, with a focus on measuring the value of carbon sinks. We will work to establish rules for carbon sink projects involving in national carbon market.
4．推进农业农村减排固碳。大力发展绿色低碳循环农业，推进农光互补、“光伏+设施农业”、“海上风电+海洋牧场”等低碳农业模式。研发应用增汇型农业技术。开展耕地质量提升行动，实施国家黑土地保护工程，提升土壤有机碳储量。合理控制化肥、农药、地膜使用量，实施化肥农药减量替代计划，加强农作物秸秆综合利用和畜禽粪污资源化利用。
(d) Promoting carbon emissions reduction and carbon sequestration in agriculture and rural areas
We will step up efforts to develop green, low-carbon and circular agriculture, and support low-carbon modes such as agricultural photovoltaics, the integration of photovoltaic power and protected agriculture, and the combination of offshore wind farms and marine ranches. We will research applied agricultural technologies that can increase carbon sequestration. We will improve the quality of cropland and protect China’s chernozem soils, to enhance soil organic carbon content. We will appropriately control the use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and agricultural plastic sheeting, carry out plans for replacing conventional fertilizers and pesticides with organic alternatives, and step up efforts to recycle and comprehensively utilize resources from crop straw and livestock and poultry waste.
（九）绿色低碳全民行动。
9. The action for green and low-carbon society
增强全民节约意识、环保意识、生态意识，倡导简约适度、绿色低碳、文明健康的生活方式，把绿色理念转化为全体人民的自觉行动。
We will raise public awareness of the need to conserve resources, protect the environment, and maintain the ecosystems, and encourage simple, moderate, green, low-carbon and healthy ways of life, so that the people become more active in pursuing green development.
1．加强生态文明宣传教育。将生态文明教育纳入国民教育体系，开展多种形式的资源环境国情教育，普及碳达峰、碳中和基础知识。加强对公众的生态文明科普教育，将绿色低碳理念有机融入文艺作品，制作文创产品和公益广告，持续开展世界地球日、世界环境日、全国节能宣传周、全国低碳日等主题宣传活动，增强社会公众绿色低碳意识，推动生态文明理念更加深入人心。
(a) Strengthening publicity and education for ecological civilization
We will incorporate education on ecological civilization into the national education system, inform the public of China’s current situation in terms of resources and the environment in various ways, and help them better understand peaking carbon dioxide emissions and achieving carbon neutrality. We will raise awareness on ecological civilization, and ensure that literary and artistic works reflect our green and low-carbon direction. We will develop related cultural and creative products and public service advertisements, and continue to carry out themed campaigns including Earth Day, World Environment Day, National Energy-Saving Week, and National Low-Carbon Day, so as to raise public awareness of green and low-carbon development and spur public enthusiasm for ecological civilization.
2．推广绿色低碳生活方式。坚决遏制奢侈浪费和不合理消费，着力破除奢靡铺张的歪风陋习，坚决制止餐饮浪费行为。在全社会倡导节约用能，开展绿色低碳社会行动示范创建，深入推进绿色生活创建行动，评选宣传一批优秀示范典型，营造绿色低碳生活新风尚。大力发展绿色消费，推广绿色低碳产品，完善绿色产品认证与标识制度。提升绿色产品在政府采购中的比例。
(b) Advocating green and low-carbon living patterns
We must curb luxury, waste, and unnecessary consumption, put a resolute stop to wasteful behaviors, and work tirelessly to reduce food waste in the catering industry. We will promote energy conservation throughout whole society, launch demonstration campaigns to build a green and low-carbon society, intensify initiatives to promote eco-friendly living patterns, select and publicize a group of role models, and foster new trends for green and low-carbon living patterns. We will vigorously expand green consumption, promote green and low-carbon products, and improve the system for green product certifications and labels. We will increase green government procurement rate.
3．引导企业履行社会责任。引导企业主动适应绿色低碳发展要求，强化环境责任意识，加强能源资源节约，提升绿色创新水平。重点领域国有企业特别是中央企业要制定实施企业碳达峰行动方案，发挥示范引领作用。重点用能单位要梳理核算自身碳排放情况，深入研究碳减排路径，“一企一策”制定专项工作方案，推进节能降碳。相关上市公司和发债企业要按照环境信息依法披露要求，定期公布企业碳排放信息。充分发挥行业协会等社会团体作用，督促企业自觉履行社会责任。
(c) Encouraging enterprises to fulfill their social responsibilities
We will encourage enterprises to take proactive steps to meet needs for green and low-carbon development, shoulder more responsibility for environmental protection, strengthen energy and resource conservation, and take green innovation initiatives to the next level. State-owned enterprises in key areas, especially those managed by the central government, should draw up peaking carbon dioxide emissions action plans and strengthen their ability to take the lead and offer guidance. Major energy consumers should review and account for their own carbon emissions, further explore ways to cut emissions, and formulate dedicated work plans tailored to their specific conditions to advance efforts in energy conservation and emissions reduction. Relevant listed and bond-issuing companies should disclose their carbon emissions according to requirements of environmental information disclosure laws. We will support industry associations and other similar social organizations in encouraging enterprises to fulfill their social responsibilities.
4．强化领导干部培训。将学习贯彻习近平生态文明思想作为干部教育培训的重要内容，各级党校（行政学院）要把碳达峰、碳中和相关内容列入教学计划，分阶段、多层次对各级领导干部开展培训，普及科学知识，宣讲政策要点，强化法治意识，深化各级领导干部对碳达峰、碳中和工作重要性、紧迫性、科学性、系统性的认识。从事绿色低碳发展相关工作的领导干部要尽快提升专业素养和业务能力，切实增强推动绿色低碳发展的本领。
(d) Increasing training for cadres
We will designate Xi Jinping’s thought on ecological civilization as a core part of education and training for officials. Party schools and academies of governance at all levels should include peaking carbon dioxide emissions and achieving carbon neutrality in their programs and conduct phased training for officials at all levels. The training should popularize scientific knowledge, explain policy priorities, raise officials’ rule of law awareness, and deepen their understanding of the importance, urgency, scientific essence, and systematic approaches of work related to peaking carbon dioxide emissions and achieving carbon neutrality. Leading officials in charge of green and low-carbon development should improve their professional competence and abilities as soon as possible to effectively fulfill their duties.
（十）各地区梯次有序碳达峰行动。
10. The action for promoting all regions to peak carbon dioxide emissions hierarchically and orderly
各地区要准确把握自身发展定位，结合本地区经济社会发展实际和资源环境禀赋，坚持分类施策、因地制宜、上下联动，梯次有序推进碳达峰。
All regions should clarify their development priorities by taking into account their economic and social development status and resource and environmental endowments, and proceed toward peaking carbon dioxide emissions with a categorized, region-specific, orderly approach in phases through coordination between different levels of government.
1．科学合理确定有序达峰目标。碳排放已经基本稳定的地区要巩固减排成果，在率先实现碳达峰的基础上进一步降低碳排放。产业结构较轻、能源结构较优的地区要坚持绿色低碳发展，坚决不走依靠“两高”项目拉动经济增长的老路，力争率先实现碳达峰。产业结构偏重、能源结构偏煤的地区和资源型地区要把节能降碳摆在突出位置，大力优化调整产业结构和能源结构，逐步实现碳排放增长与经济增长脱钩，力争与全国同步实现碳达峰。
(a) Setting sound, systematic targets
In areas where carbon emissions have been generally stabilized, we need to consolidate our achievements in emission reductions, and continue to cut down carbon emissions after firstly realizing peak carbon emissions. In areas with a relatively light industrial structure and an optimal energy mix, we need to stick to a path of green and low-carbon development, resolve not to follow the old path of relying on energy-intensive, high-emission projects to fuel economic growth, and above all, strive to peak carbon dioxide emissions. In areas with a heavy industrial structure or coal-dominant energy mix, and in areas that are economically reliant on local resources, we need to prioritize energy conservation and carbon emissions reduction, do our utmost to improve the industrial structure and energy mix, gradually decouple economic growth from carbon emissions growth, and endeavor to peak carbon dioxide emissions in line with the rest of China.
2．因地制宜推进绿色低碳发展。各地区要结合区域重大战略、区域协调发展战略和主体功能区战略，从实际出发推进本地区绿色低碳发展。京津冀、长三角、粤港澳大湾区等区域要发挥高质量发展动力源和增长极作用，率先推动经济社会发展全面绿色转型。长江经济带、黄河流域和国家生态文明试验区要严格落实生态优先、绿色发展战略导向，在绿色低碳发展方面走在全国前列。中西部和东北地区要着力优化能源结构，按照产业政策和能耗双控要求，有序推动高耗能行业向清洁能源优势地区集中，积极培育绿色发展动能。
(b) Promoting green and low-carbon development according to local conditions
In light of major regional strategies along with the strategy for coordinated regional development and the functional zoning strategy, all local governments should promote green and low-carbon development that is based on their own local realities. The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the Yangtze River Delta, and the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area etc. will play their roles as drivers and growth poles for China’s high-quality development and lead the way in promoting an overall green transformation of economic and social development. The Yangtze Economic Belt, the Yellow River Basin, and the national ecological civilization pilot zones will strictly follow the strategic guidance to prioritize ecological conservation and boost green development, and take the lead in China’s drive to pursue a green and low-carbon development. In line with state industrial policies and requirements for controlling both the total amount and intensity of energy consumption and striving to improve the energy consumption structure, the central and western regions and northeast China will relocate energy-intensive industries to areas with clean energy potentials in an orderly manner and proactively foster new drivers for green development.
3．上下联动制定地方达峰方案。各省、自治区、直辖市人民政府要按照国家总体部署，结合本地区资源环境禀赋、产业布局、发展阶段等，坚持全国一盘棋，不抢跑，科学制定本地区碳达峰行动方案，提出符合实际、切实可行的碳达峰时间表、路线图、施工图，避免“一刀切”限电限产或运动式“减碳”。各地区碳达峰行动方案经碳达峰碳中和工作领导小组综合平衡、审核通过后，由地方自行印发实施。
(c) Formulating local peaking carbon dioxide emissions plans through coordination between central and local authorities
The people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the central government will follow the overall plans and requirements of the state and take into consideration local resource endowments, industrial layouts, and development stages, considering whole-of-nation approach and avoiding “jump the gun,” to formulate their peaking carbon dioxide emissions action plans and set out pragmatic timetables, road maps, and blueprints. We must avoid “one size fitting all” approach for electricity consumption restriction and industrial production restriction, and must avoid campaign-style carbon mitigation. Upon the overall assessment and approval by the Leading Group on Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality (hereinafter referred to as the Leading Group) for realizing peaking carbon dioxide emissions and achieving carbon neutrality, regional peaking carbon dioxide emissions action plans will be published and implemented by local governments.
4．组织开展碳达峰试点建设。加大中央对地方推进碳达峰的支持力度，选择100个具有典型代表性的城市和园区开展碳达峰试点建设，在政策、资金、技术等方面对试点城市和园区给予支持，加快实现绿色低碳转型，为全国提供可操作、可复制、可推广的经验做法。
(d) Carrying out pilot projects
The central government will provide more support for local governments to help them reach peaking carbon dioxide emissions. A total of 100 pilot cities and industrial parks will be designated and given support in terms of policy, funding, and technology to launch peaking carbon dioxide emissions trials, so that they will move faster toward their green and low-carbon goals and provide transferable experience that can be applied elsewhere in China.
