三、坚定不移巩固相互支持
III. Strengthening Mutual Support文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/12595.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/12595.html
中非友好关系经历半个多世纪的风雨考验，双方在关乎彼此前途命运的关键时刻和重大问题上始终坚定地站在一起。非洲国家为中国维护主权、安全和发展利益，促进国家统一，实现发展振兴提供了重要支持。中国坚定支持非洲国家实现民族独立，走符合自身国情的发展道路，支持非洲一体化建设和联合自强的努力。面对新冠肺炎疫情的严峻考验，中非携手应对，中非友谊得到新的升华。中非人民凝聚团结之力，能够战胜艰难险阻，铸就美好未来。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/12595.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/12595.html
Friendly relations between the PRC and Africa have endured through more than half a century and withstood the test of time. The two sides have always stood firmly together at critical junctures and on major issues. African countries have provided important support for China’s endeavors to safeguard its sovereignty, security and development interests, promote reunification, and achieve national rejuvenation through development. China has firmly supported African countries in realizing national independence, following development paths that fit their national conditions, promoting regional integration, and strengthening themselves through unity. China and Africa have joined forces in confronting the grave challenge posed by Covid-19, further reinforcing their friendship. The solidarity between the Chinese and African peoples enables them to overcome difficulties and obstacles and build a bright future.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/12595.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/12595.html
（一）共同捍卫国际公平正义文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/12595.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/12595.html
1. Upholding International Equity and Justice 文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/12595.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/12595.html
中国和非洲是推动全球治理体系和国际秩序变革的重要合作伙伴。50年前，第二十六届联合国大会以压倒性多数通过第2758号决议，恢复中华人民共和国在联合国的合法席位，从此中国人民在国际舞台上发挥越来越重要的作用。提案的23个国家中有11个来自非洲，76张赞成票中有26张来自非洲。在当今复杂多变的国际形势下，中非双方共同弘扬多边主义，旗帜鲜明地反对保护主义和单边主义，在涉及彼此核心利益和重大关切的问题上互相支持，维护发展中国家共同利益。中非合作实践和理念为发展中国家在国际事务中合作树立了典范，也为改革全球治理体系提供了重要方案。
China and Africa are important partners in advancing the reform of the global governance system and the reshaping of the international order. Fifty years ago, at its 26th Session, the UN General Assembly adopted Resolution 2758 by an overwhelming majority, restoring the lawful seat of the PRC in the United Nations. Since then, China has played a role of growing importance on the international stage. Among the 76 votes in favor of the resolution, 26 were cast by African countries, while 11 of the 23 sponsors of the draft resolution were from Africa. In the current complex and volatile international situation, China and Africa are jointly advancing multilateralism. They unequivocally oppose protectionism and unilateralism, support each other on issues involving the core interests and major concerns of either side, and safeguard the common interests of developing countries. The theory and practice of China-Africa cooperation provide examples for developing countries in handling international affairs, and important references to the reform of the global governance system.
——共同践行真正的多边主义。中非高举多边主义旗帜，坚定维护以联合国为核心的国际体系、以国际法为基础的国际秩序、以联合国宪章宗旨和原则为基础的国际关系基本准则，切实维护国际公平正义，推动国际秩序朝着更加公正合理的方向发展。双方一致反对单边主义和保护主义，致力于维护开放型世界经济和多边贸易体系。中国和非洲坚定支持增加发展中国家特别是非洲国家在国际治理体系中的代表性和发言权，中国在联合国的一票永远属于发展中国家。
– Practicing true multilateralism. Holding high the banner of multilateralism, China and Africa steadfastly support the international system with the United Nations at the core, the international order underpinned by international law, and the basic norms governing international relations based on the purposes and principles of the UN Charter. The two sides earnestly maintain international fairness and justice and push the international order in a fairer and more reasonable direction. They reject unilateralism and protectionism, and safeguard an open world economy and the multilateral trade system. China and Africa firmly support an increase in the representation and say of developing countries in the international governance system, especially African countries. When casting its vote in the United Nations, China always stands for developing countries.
——共同维护正当合法权益。中非在涉及各自国家主权、领土完整、民族尊严和发展利益等重大问题上相互理解和支持。所有同中国建交的非洲国家恪守一个中国原则，坚定支持中国统一大业。中国坚定支持非洲国家捍卫国家主权、维护民族独立，呼吁国际社会帮助非洲国家实现生存权和发展权，反对一切形式种族主义和种族歧视，积极推动解除针对非洲国家不合理的单边制裁。中国同非洲成员在联合国安理会建立“1+3”磋商机制，就重大国际和地区问题保持沟通与协调。2017年以来，中国担任安理会轮值主席国期间，倡议召开了“加强非洲和平与安全能力”“加强非洲维和行动”“非洲和平与安全：打击非洲恐怖主义和极端主义”等公开辩论会，以及“非洲和平与安全：推进非洲疫后重建，消除冲突根源”高级别会议，推动国际社会加强团结合作、加大力度支持非洲实现长久和平。
– Jointly safeguarding legitimate rights. China and Africa understand and support each other on major issues such as those related to their sovereignty, territorial integrity, national dignity, and development interests. All African countries with diplomatic ties with China strictly abide by the one-China principle and firmly support China’s reunification. China steadfastly supports African countries in safeguarding sovereignty and independence, calls on the international community to assist African countries in safeguarding their right to subsistence and development, objects to any form of racism and racial discrimination, and actively pushes for the lifting of unreasonable unilateral sanctions against African countries.
Within the Security Council, China and three African members have established a “1 + 3” consultation mechanism to exchange views on and coordinate responses to major international and regional issues. Since 2017 while holding the rotating presidency of the UN Security Council, China has initiated open debates on “Enhancing African Capacities in Peace and Security”, “Peace and Security in Africa: Strengthening Peacekeeping Operations in Africa”, “Peace and Security in Africa: Countering Terrorism and Extremism in Africa”, and “Peace and Security in Africa: Addressing Root Causes of Conflict in Post-pandemic Recovery in Africa”. These have pushed the international community to strengthen unity and cooperation and provide stronger support for Africa’s lasting peace.
中非都倡导将生存权和发展权作为首要基本人权，同等重视各类人权，在平等和相互尊重基础上开展人权交流与合作，尊重各国自主选择发展的权利，反对将人权政治化和搞双重标准，反对借人权干涉别国内政，促进国际人权事业健康发展。针对西方反华势力在涉疆、涉港等问题上的歪曲抹黑和不实指责，非洲国家同广大发展中国家一道，在联合国人权理事会、联大三委等场合通过发表共同发言、单独发言等方式，支持中国正当立场。非洲国家认同中国人权理念，支持中国在联合国人权理事会提出的“发展对享有所有人权的贡献”“在人权领域促进合作共赢”等决议。
China and Africa have both proposed that the rights to subsistence and development are seen as the primary and basic human rights, that equal importance is attached to all human rights, that exchanges and cooperation on human rights are carried out on the basis of equality and mutual respect, and that individual countries’ right in choosing their development paths is respected. They both oppose politicization of human right issues and double standards, and object to interference in other countries’ internal affairs under the pretext of championing human rights.
In response to Western anti-China forces’ mudslinging and false accusations on China in regard to Xinjiang- and Hong Kong-related issues, African countries, alongside other developing countries, have voiced their collective or individual support for China’s position, at the UN Human Rights Council and the General Assembly’s Social, Humanitarian and Cultural Affairs Committee, commonly referred to as the “Third Committee.” African countries agree with China’s human rights principles, and support the resolution on the contribution of development to the enjoyment of all human rights and the resolution on promoting win-win cooperation in the field of human rights proposed by China at the Human Rights Council.
中国呼吁国际社会推动全球经济治理改革，切实支持非洲实现发展。二十国集团领导人杭州峰会在中国推动下发布了《支持非洲和最不发达国家工业化倡议》。2015年，中国宣布设立中国－联合国和平与发展基金，2016年至2020年其下设的发展子基金共实施34个项目，涉及减贫、卫生健康、能源可及、科技创新、互联互通等多个领域，非洲国家是主要受惠方。2021年5月，中非双方共同发起“支持非洲发展伙伴倡议”。中非一致认为支持非洲发展是国际社会的广泛共识和共同责任。为应对疫情挑战、更加旗帜鲜明地支持非洲渡过难关，国际对非合作伙伴有必要把优势资源投向非方最急需领域，形成支持非洲发展的有效合力。
China calls on the international community to press forward with reform of global economic governance and offer concrete support for Africa’s development. During the G20 Hangzhou Summit, at the initiation of China, a G20 Initiative in Support of Industrialization of Africa and Other Least Developed Countries was issued. In 2015, China announced the establishment of a China-UN Peace and Development Fund. Between 2016 and 2020, its 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Sub-Fund sponsored 34 projects in fields such as poverty alleviation, health, energy access, technology innovation, and infrastructure, with African countries being the major beneficiaries. In May 2021, China and Africa launched the Initiative on Partnership for Africa’s Development together. The two sides share the view that supporting the development of Africa is the consensus and shared responsibility of the international community.
China calls on international partners to increase support to Africa in such areas as response to Covid-19 and other pandemics and post-Covid reconstruction, and to pool resources in those areas where Africa’s most urgent needs lie, with a view to providing greater impetus to Africa’s development.
（二）守望相助抗击新冠肺炎疫情
2. Jointly Combating Covid-19
面对突如其来的新冠肺炎疫情，中非双方经受住严峻考验，相互声援、并肩战斗，共同唱响团结合作、共克时艰的时代强音。
Confronted by Covid-19, China and Africa have withstood a severe challenge, helping each other and fighting side by side to defeat the pandemic through solidarity and cooperation.
2020年6月，中非团结抗疫特别峰会成功举办。中国成为全球首个同非洲大陆就应对疫情举行峰会的国家，引领国际对非抗疫合作，为全球抗疫合作注入新动力。习近平主席在峰会上阐述了疫情形势下推进中非合作、加强国际合作的重要政策主张，指出要加快落实中非合作论坛北京峰会成果，将合作重点向健康卫生、复工复产、改善民生领域倾斜，并宣布了对非抗疫援助、减缓债和复工复产等系列举措，受到非方高度赞誉和广泛欢迎。与会领导人共同发表了《中非团结抗疫特别峰会联合声明》，一致认为中非双方要坚定不移携手抗击疫情、坚定不移推进中非合作、坚定不移践行多边主义、坚定不移推进中非友好。会后中非双方密切对接，统筹推进疫情防控和复工复产，推动中非合作克服疫情挑战，不断恢复并向前发展。
In June 2020, the Extraordinary China-Africa Summit on Solidarity against Covid-19 was held via video link, making China the first country in the world to convene an anti-pandemic summit with Africa. It has provided a guide for international anti-pandemic cooperation with Africa, and injected new impetus into global anti-pandemic cooperation. At the summit, President Xi elaborated on important policies on advancing China-Africa cooperation and strengthening international cooperation amid the pandemic. He called for the accelerated implementation of the outcomes of the FOCAC Beijing Summit, with greater priority to be given to cooperation in the areas of public health, economic reopening, and people’s livelihoods. He also announced a series of measures regarding anti-pandemic assistance to Africa, debt relief, debt service suspension, and economic reopening, which have been highly praised and widely welcomed in Africa. Participating leaders issued the Joint Statement of the Extraordinary China-Africa Summit on Solidarity against Covid-19, agreeing to join forces in resolutely fighting the pandemic, pressing for cooperation, practicing multilateralism, and enhancing friendship. Since the summit the two sides have closely worked together on pandemic prevention and control, resuming economic activity, and restoring and progressing China-Africa cooperation.
在中国抗疫的艰难时刻，非洲国家和非盟等地区组织通过不同方式对中国抗疫行动给予有力声援和支持。2020年2月非盟部长理事会发表公报支持中国抗疫努力，是全球首个重要地区组织和整个洲域公开给予中国声援。非洲48国元首、11国政府首脑、12国议长和非盟委员会主席来函（电），10国发表政府声明，18国外长致函，非盟和平与安全理事会会议、卫生部长紧急会议以及主要地区组织会议等均向中方表示声援和慰问，不少非洲国家不富裕，但仍积极向中国捐款捐物。一些非洲在华留学生同当地防疫人员一道奋战在抗疫前线。
During the toughest times in China’s fight against the epidemic, African countries and regional organizations such as the AU rendered strong support and assistance to China through various means. In February 2020, the Executive Council of the AU issued a communiqué in support of China’s anti-epidemic efforts – the first time an important regional organization and an entire continent had offered China such support. Those expressing their support and sympathy also included the heads of state of 48 African countries, heads of government of 11 countries, 12 speakers of legislative bodies, and the chairperson of the AU Commission, who all sent letters or telegrams. The governments of 10 countries issued statements; foreign ministers of 18 countries sent letters; and participants of an AU Peace and Security Council meeting, an emergency meeting of African health ministers and other meetings of major regional organizations also expressed sympathy. Though few African countries are wealthy, they still actively donated money and supplies to China, and some African students studying in China also joined the local fight against the epidemic.
非洲疫情发生后，中国第一时间驰援非洲，开展了新中国成立以来涉及范围最广、实施难度最大的人道主义援助行动。从2020年起，中国根据有关国家需求，统筹地方政府、企业和民间组织等各类资源，向非洲53国和非盟提供了120批检测试剂、防护服、口罩、隔离眼罩、呼吸机等紧急抗疫物资援助，实现对非抗疫援助“全覆盖”。中国积极同非洲国家分享抗疫经验，向17个非洲国家派出了抗疫医疗专家组或短期抗疫医疗队，同非洲人民共同抗击疫情，并推动中国援建的非洲疾控中心总部项目提前开工建设。
After Covid-19 struck Africa, China immediately offered humanitarian assistance, the largest such program in scale and the most difficult to implement since the founding of the PRC. Since 2020, in coordination with local governments, enterprises and social organizations, the Central Government of China has provided emergency anti-pandemic supplies – including 120 batches of nucleic test reagents, protective gear, masks, eye protectors and ventilators – to 53 African countries and the AU based on their respective needs, with these emergency supplies reaching almost all areas across the continent. China has also actively shared its anti-epidemic experience with African countries, and dispatched anti-epidemic medical expert groups or short-term anti-epidemic medical teams to 17 African countries to fight the epidemic alongside local people. It also pushed for the earlier start of the construction of the headquarters of the Africa Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC), a project assisted by China.
中国积极践行“将疫苗作为全球公共产品”的承诺，在中国疫苗上市之初、国内供应紧张的情况下，即开始向非洲援助疫苗，为非洲国家抗疫提供支持与帮助。中方积极落实将疫苗作为全球公共产品的坚定承诺，截至2021年11月12日，已向包括50个非洲国家和非盟委员会在内的110多个国家和国际组织提供超过17亿剂疫苗，将努力全年对外提供20亿剂疫苗，并在向“新冠疫苗实施计划”捐赠1亿美元基础上，再向包括非洲在内的发展中国家无偿捐赠1亿剂疫苗。中国企业亦积极在非洲地区开展联合生产，帮助有意愿的国家实现疫苗本地化生产，目前已在埃及启动疫苗本地化生产，同摩洛哥和阿尔及利亚签署了合作协议。
China actively honors its commitment to make vaccines a global public good. At the time when Chinese vaccines had just reached the market and domestic supply was tight, China began to supply vaccines to Africa in support of its battle against the pandemic. By November 12, 2021, China had provided over 1.7 billon doses of Covid-19 vaccine to more than 110 countries and organizations, including 50 African countries and the AU Commission, and is striving to provide a total of 2 billion doses by the end of 2021. In addition to donating $100 million to COVAX, China will donate 100 million doses of vaccine to developing countries including those in Africa. Chinese firms are actively engaging in joint vaccine production in Africa with local firms, helping countries, in accordance with their wishes, to realize localized vaccine production. To date they have started localized production in Egypt, and signed cooperative agreements with Morocco and Algeria.
为帮助非洲国家应对疫情冲击，克服暂时困难，中国支持减轻非洲国家债务负担，积极落实二十国集团（G20）“暂缓最贫困国家债务偿付倡议”，在G20成员中缓债金额最大，已同19个非洲国家签署缓债协议或达成共识。中国支持将G20缓债倡议延期至2021年年底，并同有关成员一道落实《缓债倡议后续债务处理共同框架》。对于疫情特别重、压力特别大的国家，中国并同有关方一道，通过个案处理方式提供支持。
To help African countries cope with the pandemic and overcome temporary difficulties, China supports the effort to reduce the debt burden on African countries, and is actively implementing the G20’s Debt Service Suspension Initiative (DSSI). Among G20 members, China ranks first in terms of the amount of deferred debt, having signed debt service suspension agreements or reached consensus with 19 African countries. China supports extending the DSSI till the end of 2021, and is working with relevant members to implement the Common Framework for Debt Treatments beyond the Debt Service Suspension Initiative. For countries experiencing a very serious epidemic situation and under particularly severe pressure, China, together with other stakeholders, will provide support on a case-by-case basis.
（三）并肩战胜非洲埃博拉出血热疫情
3. Winning the Battle against Ebola Together
2014年，塞拉利昂、利比里亚和几内亚暴发埃博拉出血热疫情。在非洲人民的艰难时刻，中国义无反顾伸出援助之手，在国际社会发挥了引领和示范作用。中国是最早向几内亚、塞拉利昂等国提供援助的国家，也是唯一一个向西非疫区提供实验室并设立留观诊治中心的国家。中国先后向有关非洲国家和国际、地区组织提供总额约7.5亿元人民币快速、实用、全面抗疫援助，先后使用9架次包机运输物资和人员，向疫情国派出16批、1200多名临床和公共卫生专家，与当地医生共同战斗在抗击埃博拉疫情的前线，中国医生还在当地培训医护人员1.3万人次。中国还为疫区国家援建了实验室、治疗中心等多个项目，成为当时中国支持海外国家和地区应对公共危机持续时间最长、覆盖面最广、规模和力度最大的一次援助。面对疫情，中国外交官、医疗队、维和人员和企业员工始终选择坚守，而不是撤离。恐惧比病毒更可怕，而信心比黄金更宝贵。在灾难面前，中非人民展现了同甘苦、共患难的一片真情。
In 2014, Ebola broke out in Sierra Leone, Liberia and Guinea. At a time when African people were in difficulties, China offered a helping hand, setting an example for the international community. China was the first to aid Guinea and Sierra Leone, and was the only country to provide laboratories to the epidemic-hit areas in West Africa and set up observation and treatment centers there. China provided rapid, practical and comprehensive anti-Ebola assistance to a total value of RMB750 million, and dispatched nine chartered planes to transport supplies and personnel. It sent more than 1,200 clinical and public health experts to Africa to combat Ebola alongside local medical workers. Chinese medical workers trained some 13,000 local medical workers. China also helped Ebola-stricken countries to build laboratories and treatment centers. Those assistance programs constituted the largest at the time among China’s overseas assistance programs in response to public crises in terms of duration, coverage, scale and intensity. Chinese diplomats, medical teams, peacekeepers, and corporate employees chose to stay in Africa rather than evacuate. They managed to overcome their own fear of the epidemic, and thereby gave confidence to local people as well. Chinese and Africans confronted the disaster with sincere friendship, sharing weal and woe.
2018年，刚果（金）再次暴发埃博拉出血热疫情，中国及时向刚果（金）及其邻国卢旺达、布隆迪、乌干达以及非盟等提供包括物资、现汇、专家、药品、培训在内的一揽子紧急人道主义援助，帮助有关国家及时遏制疫情发展。
In 2018, when Ebola broke out again in the DRC, China provided timely emergency humanitarian aid including supplies, money, experts, medicine and training to the country and its neighboring countries including Rwanda, Burundi and Uganda, as well as the AU, helping them to promptly contain the epidemic.
（四）携手应对自然灾害
4. Jointly Coping with Natural Disasters
中国历来重视非洲受灾国的救援工作，帮助非方应对各种自然灾害和人道主义危机，并通过联合国、世界粮食计划署、红十字国际委员会等多边国际组织开展对非紧急人道主义援助。
China has always attached importance to disaster relief in Africa, helping it to respond to various natural disasters and humanitarian crises, and providing emergency humanitarian assistance through multilateral organizations such as the UN, the World Food Programme, and the International Committee of the Red Cross.
中国人民不会忘记，2008年中国遭受特大地震灾害，仅200万人口的赤道几内亚就捐赠了200万欧元，平均每人1欧元。刚果（布）政府在汶川地震后捐赠100万美元，在玉树地震后又捐资200万美元建设了一所小学。非洲人民在自己经济并不富裕的情况下，仍慷慨解囊支援中国人民抗震救灾和灾后重建，这份情谊让中国人民倍感温暖。
Chinese people will not forget that in 2008 when China was struck by a devastating earthquake, Equatorial Guinea, a country with only 2 million people, donated 2 million euros, averaging 1 euro per person. The Republic of the Congo donated $1 million after the Wenchuan earthquake, and $2 million for building a primary school after the Yushu earthquake.
“投之以桃，报之以李”。中国先后在40多个受灾非洲国家实施粮食、供水、妇幼、教育等民生项目，受益人数达1000多万人，有力促进了受灾国的经济恢复和社会发展。2019年，“伊代”飓风席卷东南部非洲。中国向津巴布韦、莫桑比克、马拉维紧急提供人道主义物资援助，并向受灾最严重的莫桑比克派出65人组成的国际救援队，在莫当地治疗3000多人。2019年底，蝗灾袭击非洲之角，地区国家超过3000万人生计受到威胁。2020年初，尽管面临新冠肺炎疫情影响，中国仍紧急向埃塞俄比亚、肯尼亚、乌干达3国提供灭蝗物资援助，并从中国－联合国粮农组织南南合作信托基金中安排援助支持3国购买防控物资和开展能力建设。
In return, China has carried out programs in fields such as food, water supply, women and children’s health, and education in 40-plus disaster-stricken African countries, benefiting more than 10 million people, and strongly boosting their economic recovery and social development.
In 2019, cyclone Idai swept across Southeast Africa. China provided emergency humanitarian supplies to Zimbabwe, Mozambique and Malawi, and dispatched an international rescue team of 65 members to the severely-stricken Mozambique, treating more than 3,000 locals. At the end of 2019, locusts plagued the Horn of Africa, threatening the livelihoods of more than 30 million people. In early 2020, though hit by Covid-19, China still provided locust-eradication emergency supplies and aid to Ethiopia, Kenya and Uganda, and allocated funds from the China-FAO South-South Cooperation Trust Fund to assist the three countries to buy prevention and control supplies and carry on capacity-building activities.
