关于2021年国民经济和社会发展计划执行情况与2022年国民经济和社会发展计划草案的报告文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/13093.html
REPORT ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE 2021 PLAN FOR NATIONAL ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT AND ON THE 2022 DRAFT PLAN FOR NATIONAL ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/13093.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/13093.html
——2022年3月5日在第十三届全国人民代表大会第五次会议上文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/13093.html
Delivered at the Fifth Session of the 13th National People’s Congress on March 5, 2022文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/13093.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/13093.html
国家发展和改革委员会文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/13093.html
National Development and Reform Commission文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/13093.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/13093.html
各位代表：文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/13093.html
Esteemed Deputies,
受国务院委托，现将2021年国民经济和社会发展计划执行情况与2022年国民经济和社会发展计划草案提请十三届全国人大五次会议审查，并请全国政协各位委员提出意见。
The National Development and Reform Commission has been entrusted by the State Council to deliver this report on the implementation of the 2021 plan and on the 2022 draft plan for national economic and social development to the Fifth Session of the 13th National People’s Congress (NPC) for its deliberation and approval. The Commission also invites comments from members of the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC).
一、2021年国民经济和社会发展计划执行情况
I. Implementation of the 2021 Plan for National Economic and Social Development
2021年是党和国家历史上具有里程碑意义的一年，也必将是载入史册的一年。我们隆重庆祝中国共产党成立一百周年，如期打赢脱贫攻坚战，正式宣布全面建成小康社会、实现第一个百年奋斗目标，开启全面建设社会主义现代化国家、向第二个百年奋斗目标进军新征程。我们召开党的十九届六中全会，总结党的百年奋斗重大成就和历史经验，通过百年党史上第三个历史决议。在以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导下，各地区各部门坚持以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，全面贯彻党的十九大和十九届历次全会精神，弘扬伟大建党精神，按照党中央、国务院决策部署，认真执行十三届全国人大四次会议审议批准的《政府工作报告》和审查批准的《中华人民共和国国民经济和社会发展第十四个五年规划和2035年远景目标纲要》、2021年国民经济和社会发展计划，落实全国人大财政经济委员会审查意见，完整、准确、全面贯彻新发展理念，扎实做好“六稳”、“六保”工作，注重宏观政策跨周期和逆周期调节，有效应对多种风险挑战，构建新发展格局迈出新步伐，高质量发展取得新成效，统筹疫情防控和经济社会发展，全年主要目标任务较好完成，“十四五”实现良好开局，我国发展又取得新的重大成就。
The year 2021 was a milestone in the history of both the Communist Party of China (CPC) and our country, and it is a year that will be remembered by history. Our country held a grand celebration of the centenary of the CPC, won the critical battle against poverty on schedule, officially declared success in achieving the first centenary goal of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, and embarked on the new journey toward the second centenary goal of building China into a modern socialist country in all respects. At the Sixth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee, our Party reviewed its major achievements and historical experience over the past century and adopted the third historical resolution in its 100-year-long history.
Under the firm leadership of the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, all regions and departments consistently followed the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, thoroughly implemented the guiding principles from the 19th CPC National Congress and the plenary sessions of the 19th CPC Central Committee, and carried forward the great founding spirit of the Party. In accordance with the decisions and plans of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, we faithfully implemented the Report on the Work of the Government, the Outline of the 14th Five-Year Plan for Economic and Social Development (2021-2025) and Long-Range Objectives through the Year 2035, and the 2021 Plan for National Economic and Social Development, which were approved at the Fourth Session of the 13th NPC, and we adopted the NPC Financial and Economic Affairs Committee’s suggestions based on its review of the 2021 Plan.
We applied the new development philosophy in full, in the right way, and in all fields of endeavor, took solid steps to ensure stability on the six key fronts and security in the six key areas, and made cross- and counter-cyclical adjustments with macro policy. In these ways, we effectively dealt with all risks and challenges that arose, took fresh strides toward forging a new pattern of development, and made new achievements in high-quality growth. We coordinated our Covid-19 response with economic and social development, accomplished our main targets and tasks for the year, got the 14th Five-Year Plan off to a good start, and once again secured new and major achievements in our country’s development.
（一）强化外防输入内防反弹，常态化疫情防控有力有序。坚持人民至上、生命至上，坚持全链条精准防控“动态清零”，保持全球疫情防控优势地位。
1. We strengthened our guard against inbound cases and domestic resurgences and conducted routine Covid-19 prevention and control in an orderly and effective manner.
Putting the people and human life above all else, we adhered to targeted measures along all steps of epidemic prevention and control and upheld the “dynamic zero-case” policy, thus maintaining China’s world-leading position in Covid-19 control.
一是分区分级防控举措精准高效。严格落实人、物、环境同防措施，加强公共卫生防控救治能力建设，最大限度遏制疫情通过口岸传播，及时有效处置局部地区聚集性疫情，多措并举抓生产、增供应、强监测、畅物流，着力保障涉疫地区生活必需品供应充足、价格平稳，保障了人民生命安全和身体健康，维护了正常生产生活秩序。
1) Targeted, effective, and differentiated response measures were applied according to local conditions.
With strict response measures for people, goods, and environments, we strengthened our public health capacity for epidemic prevention, control, and treatment, curbed the spread of Covid-19 through points of entry to the greatest extent possible, and handled local outbreaks in a timely and effective manner. Multiple measures were adopted to promote production, increase supply, strengthen monitoring, and facilitate logistics to ensure abundant supply and stable prices of daily necessities in epidemic-affected regions, thus safeguarding people’s safety and health and maintaining normal order in work and life.
二是疫苗接种和药物研发稳步推进。全力保障疫苗生产供应，截至2021年底，全国累计生产疫苗超过50亿剂，提升疫苗对变异毒株的适应性，分地区、分年龄段推进疫苗接种，累计报告接种新冠疫苗28.4亿剂次，完成全程接种人数超过12亿人，全程接种覆盖率超过85%。我国首个抗新冠病毒特效药获批上市。
2) Vaccinations and pharmaceutical research and development were steadily promoted.
We made every effort to guarantee the production and supply of Covid-19 vaccines and to make them more adaptable to different variants, with total national production surpassing 5 billion doses by the end of 2021. We vaccinated our people in stages according to age and region, with a total of 2.84 billion doses administered and over 1.2 billion people, or over 85% of the population, fully vaccinated. The first medication for treating Covid-19 developed by our country was approved for market launch.
三是抗疫国际合作成效突出。积极开展共享样本、共享数据、共享应对措施等。2021年，我国已向120多个国家和国际组织提供了超过20亿剂疫苗，成为世界对外提供新冠肺炎疫苗最多的国家。参与并支持新冠肺炎疫苗实施计划，提高疫苗在发展中国家的可及性和可负担性，发展中国家迄今获得的疫苗大多数来自我国。
3) Remarkable progress was made in international cooperation to fight the pandemic.
We actively shared our samples, data, and response measures related to Covid-19. With over 2 billion doses sent to more than 120 countries and international organizations in 2021, China became the world’s largest international provider of Covid-19 vaccines. We participated in and supported COVAX and improved vaccine accessibility and affordability in developing countries, where the majority of Covid-19 vaccines acquired so far have come from China.
（二）创新和完善宏观调控，经济基本盘进一步巩固。加快构建新发展格局，加强宏观政策跨周期调节，做好保供稳价工作，加大助企纾困力度，实现了较高增长和较低通胀的优化组合，经济保持较好发展态势。
2. We improved and made innovations in macro regulation and reinforced the fundamentals of the economy.
We sped up the establishment of a new development pattern, strengthened cross-cyclical macro policy adjustment, ensured supply and price stability, and made greater efforts to ease the difficulties of enterprises. We simultaneously achieved relatively high economic growth and low inflation, and our economy maintained fairly strong positioning for growth.
一是经济增速稳居主要经济体前列。初步核算，2021年国内生产总值达到114.37万亿元，增长8.1%，是世界经济恢复发展的主要贡献国，占世界经济的比重进一步提升；人均国内生产总值超过1.2万美元，超过全球平均水平。全国城镇新增就业1269万人，全国城镇调查失业率平均为5.1%，居民消费价格指数上涨0.9%，国际收支保持基本平衡，年末外汇储备规模保持在3.2万亿美元以上。
1) China continued to lead major economies in terms of economic growth.
Preliminary assessments indicate that China’s GDP reached 114.37 trillion yuan in 2021 for year-on-year growth of 8.1%. China remained a major contributor to global economic recovery and growth, and its share in the world economy continued to increase. China’s per capita GDP surpassed 12,000 US dollars, exceeding the global average. A total of 12.69 million urban jobs were created nationwide and the average year-end surveyed urban unemployment rate was 5.1%. The consumer price index (CPI) rose by 0.9%. A basic equilibrium was maintained with regard to the balance of payments, and year-end foreign exchange reserves remained at over 3.2 trillion US dollars.
二是保持宏观政策连续性针对性。宏观政策适应跨周期调节需要，保持对经济恢复必要支持力度，同时考虑为今年应对困难挑战预留政策空间。积极的财政政策提质增效、更可持续。保持必要的财政支出规模，地方政府专项债券发行使用管理进一步优化，建立常态化财政资金直达机制，将2.8万亿元中央财政资金纳入直达范围，及时为基层保基本民生、保工资、保运转提供财力支持。全年新增减税降费为市场主体减负超过1万亿元。对制造业中小微企业、煤电和供热企业实施阶段性缓缴税费。货币政策灵活精准、合理适度，灵活运用降准、再贷款、再贴现等多种政策工具，两次全面降准，流动性保持合理充裕，广义货币供应量（M2）余额和社会融资规模存量分别增长9%和10.3%。加大对实体经济、重点领域和薄弱环节的支持力度，企业综合融资成本稳中有降，全年新增人民币贷款19.95万亿元，比上年多增3150亿元，大型商业银行普惠小微企业贷款增幅超过40%，企业贷款平均利率为4.61%，比上年下降0.1个百分点。强化稳岗扩就业政策落实，扎实做好高校毕业生等重点群体就业工作，推进大众创业万众创新。
2) Our macro policy was consistent and targeted.
We adapted our macro policy when cross-cyclical adjustment was needed and sustained the level of support necessary for economic recovery. We also took into account the need to leave ample policy space for meeting difficulties and challenges this year. We enhanced the quality, efficacy, and sustainability of our proactive fiscal policy. We maintained the scale of necessary government expenditures, improved the issuance, use, and management of local government special-purpose bonds, and made it a normal practice to directly allocate budgetary funds to prefecture- and county-level governments, allocating 2.8 trillion yuan in central government funds under this mechanism. These steps allowed us to provide timely financial support to guarantee local governments’ ability to meet basic living needs, pay salaries, and maintain normal government functions. Through tax and fee cuts, we reduced market entities’ burdens by more than 1 trillion yuan over the year. Tax payments were postponed for micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in the manufacturing sector as well as for coal-fired power plants and heating-supply enterprises.
We maintained a flexible, precise, and appropriate monetary policy. We flexibly leveraged various policy instruments, such as reducing the deposit reserve ratio, relending, and re-discounting, and we lowered the required reserve ratio twice, maintaining proper and adequate liquidity. M2 money supply and aggregate financing increased by 9% and 10.3% respectively. We provided greater support to the real economy, key sectors, and areas of weakness and saw a steady drop in overall business financing costs. New RMB loans for the year reached 19.95 trillion yuan, 315 billion yuan more than in 2020. Inclusive finance lending by large commercial banks to micro and small enterprises (MSEs) increased by more than 40%. The average interest rate on business loans was 4.61%, 0.1 percentage points lower than in the previous year.
We stepped up the implementation of policies on stabilizing and expanding employment, took solid measures to ensure employment for key groups like college graduates, and promoted entrepreneurship and innovation.
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