五、蛊惑人心的文化霸权
V. Cultural Hegemony – Spreading False Narratives文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/14228.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/14228.html
美国文化的全球扩张是其对外战略的重要组成部分。美国惯用文化来加强和维护其在世界上的霸权地位。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/14228.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/14228.html
The global expansion of American culture is an important part of its external strategy. The United States has often used cultural tools to strengthen and maintain its hegemony in the world.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/14228.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/14228.html
美国在电影等商品中植入美国价值观。通过影视产品、图书、各种媒体以及资助非营利性文化机构，“嵌入配售”美国价值观和生活方式，打造出以美式文化为主导的文化和舆论空间，推行文化霸权。美国学者约翰·耶马在其《世界的美国化》一文中指出，关于文化扩张，美国真正的武器是好莱坞的电影业、麦迪逊大街的形象设计厂和马特尔公司、可口可乐公司的生产线。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/14228.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/14228.html
The United States embeds American values in its products such as movies. American values and lifestyle are a tied product to its movies and TV shows, publications, media content, and programs by the government-funded non-profit cultural institutions. It thus shapes a cultural and public opinion space in which American culture reigns and maintains cultural hegemony. In his article The Americanization of the World, John Yemma, an American scholar, exposed the real weapons in U.S. cultural expansion: the Hollywood, the image design factories on Madison Avenue and the production lines of Mattel Company and Coca-Cola.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/14228.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/14228.html
美国推行文化霸权的形式多种多样，占据世界70%以上份额的美国电影是主渠道之一。美国电影善于利用多元文化背景，创造对各族裔吸引力。随着好莱坞电影在全世界不断发行，美国将价值观裹挟其中，大加渲染。
There are various vehicles the United States uses to keep its cultural hegemony. American movies are the most used; they now occupy more than 70 percent of the world’s market share. The United States skilfully exploits its cultural diversity to appeal to various ethnicities. When Hollywood movies descend on the world, they scream the American values tied to them.
美国文化霸权从“直接介入”走向“媒介渗透”和“世界喇叭”，在干涉他国内政时，更加依靠美国主导的西方媒体，煽动全球舆论。
American cultural hegemony not only shows itself in “direct intervention,” but also in “media infiltration” and as “a trumpet for the world.” U.S.-dominated Western media has a particularly important role in shaping global public opinion in favor of U.S. meddling in the internal affairs of other countries.
美国政府严格审查所有社交媒体公司，要求执行政府指示。福克斯商业频道报道，2022年12月27日，推特公司首席执行官马斯克表示，所有社交媒体平台都与美国政府合作，对内容进行审查。美国的舆论导向受到政府干预，限制所有不利言论。谷歌经常让链接页面消失。
The U.S. government strictly censors all social media companies and demands their obedience. Twitter CEO Elon Musk admitted on 27 December 2022 that all social media platforms work with the U.S. government to censor content, reported Fox Business Network. Public opinion in the United States is subject to government intervention to restrict all unfavorable remarks. Google often makes pages disappear.
美国国防部操控社交媒体。2022年12月，美国独立调查网站“The Intercept”披露，2017年7月美军中央司令部官员纳撒尼尔·卡勒给推特公共政策团队发了一个表格，包含52个阿拉伯语账号，要求优先服务其中6个，其中一个专门用来宣传美国无人机对也门的军事袭击，例如袭击是精确的，杀死的是恐怖分子而不是平民。按照卡勒要求，推特将这批阿拉伯语账号放入“白名单”，用来放大某些信息。
U.S. Department of Defense manipulates social media. In December 2022, The Intercept, an independent U.S. investigative website, revealed that in July 2017, U.S. Central Command official Nathaniel Kahler instructed Twitter’s public policy team to augment the presence of 52 Arabic-language accounts on a list he sent, six of which were to be given priority. One of the six was dedicated to justifying U.S. drone attacks in Yemen, such as by claiming that the attacks were precise and killed only terrorists, not civilians. Following Kahler’s directive, Twitter put those Arabic-language accounts on a “white list” to amplify certain messages.
美国奉行双重新闻自由标准，粗暴打压他国媒体。通过种种手段让别国媒体“消音”。今日俄罗斯电视台、卫星通讯社等俄主流媒体纷纷被美欧禁止落地；俄罗斯官方账号被推特、脸书、优兔等平台公开限流；俄罗斯频道和应用程序被奈飞、苹果、谷歌应用商店等直接下架；涉俄内容遭到史无前例的严格审查。
The United States practices double standards on the freedom of the press. It brutally suppresses and silences media of other countries by various means. The United States and Europe bar mainstream Russian media such as Russia Today and the Sputnik from their countries. Platforms such as Twitter, Facebook and YouTube openly restrict official accounts of Russia. Netflix, Apple and Google have removed Russian channels and applications from their services and app stores. Unprecedented draconian censorship is imposed on Russia-related contents.
美国滥用文化霸权对社会主义国家“和平演变”。建立起专门针对社会主义国家的新闻媒体和文化传媒机构。而美国扶植的负责意识形态渗透的电台、电视网由政府提供巨额经费，用数十种语言文字，昼夜不停地对社会主义国家煽动宣传。
The United States abuses its cultural hegemony to instigate “peaceful evolution” in socialist countries. It sets up news media and cultural outfits targeting socialist countries. It pours staggering amounts of public funds into radio and TV networks to support their ideological infiltration, and these mouthpieces bombard socialist countries in dozens of languages with inflammatory propaganda day and night.
美国将虚假信息作为攻击他国的工具，已形成“黑金、黑论、黑嘴”舆论产业链条。为一些团体和个人源源不断提供“黑金”，支持其炮制“黑论”，以此影响国际舆论。
The United States uses misinformation as a spear to attack other countries, and has built an industrial chain around it: there are groups and individuals making up stories, and peddling them worldwide to mislead public opinion with the support of nearly limitless financial resources.
结束语
Conclusion
得道多助，失道寡助。恃强凌弱、巧取豪夺、零和博弈等霸权霸道霸凌行径危害深重，和平、发展、合作、共赢的历史潮流不可阻挡。美国以强权挑战真理，以私利践踏正义。这些单边主义、唯我独尊、倒行逆施的霸权做法正在引发国际社会越来越强烈的批评和反对。
While a just cause wins its champion wide support, an unjust one condemns its pursuer to be an outcast. The hegemonic, domineering, and bullying practices of using strength to intimidate the weak, taking from others by force and subterfuge, and playing zero-sum games are exerting grave harm. The historical trends of peace, development, cooperation, and mutual benefit are unstoppable. The United States has been overriding truth with its power and trampling justice to serve self-interest. These unilateral, egoistic and regressive hegemonic practices have drawn growing, intense criticism and opposition from the international community.
国与国之间要相互尊重、平等相待。大国应该有大国的样子，更要带头走出一条对话而不对抗、结伴而不结盟的国际交往新路。中国一贯反对一切形式的霸权主义和强权政治，反对干涉别国内政。美国应该反躬自省，深刻检视自己的所作所为，放弃傲慢与偏见，摒弃霸权霸道霸凌。
Countries need to respect each other and treat each other as equals. Big countries should behave in a manner befitting their status and take the lead in pursuing a new model of state-to-state relations featuring dialogue and partnership, not confrontation or alliance. China opposes all forms of hegemonism and power politics, and rejects interference in other countries’ internal affairs. The United States must conduct serious soul-searching. It must critically examine what it has done, let go of its arrogance and prejudice, and quit its hegemonic, domineering and bullying practices.
