新加坡联合早报记者：您早年当过温州市委书记，温州市以及您后来任职的浙江、江苏以及上海都是中国民营经济非常发达的地方，您对民营经济有很深的了解。请问您认为中国还需要采取哪些措施提振民企的信心、支持民企的发展？还有哪些地方做得不够、需要补齐？
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/14298.html
Lianhe Zaobao: Mr. Premier, you worked as the Party Secretary of Wenzhou in your earlier career. Both Wenzhou and other places you later worked in, Zhejiang, Jiangsu and Shanghai, all have an advanced private economy. We know that you have a keen insight on the private economy. In your view, what additional measures need to be taken to boost the confidence of private companies and support their development? What are the areas where further efforts are needed?文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/14298.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/14298.html
李强：大家一定都已关注到，这次两会期间，习近平总书记在看望全国政协委员时，就民营经济健康发展、高质量发展作了深刻阐述，引起热烈反响。广大民营企业家深受鼓舞、深受激励，都很振奋。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/14298.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/14298.html
Premier Li: You may have noted that when meeting with the CPPCC National Committee members during the two sessions, General Secretary Xi Jinping elaborated on the importance of ensuring healthy and high-quality development of the private sector. General Secretary Xi’s words were very well-received, and made private entrepreneurs feel both motivated and encouraged.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/14298.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/14298.html
我长期在民营经济比较发达的地方工作，经常有机会与民营企业家交流，对他们发展中的期盼和顾虑还是比较了解的。在这里，我主要想表达这么几层意思：文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/14298.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/14298.html
I worked in localities with a strong private economy for a long time, and had the opportunity to talk with local entrepreneurs on many occasions. I could say I am pretty well-informed of their aspirations and difficulties in their development. I want to take this opportunity to mainly convey the following messages.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/14298.html
第一，“两个毫不动摇”是我国基本经济制度的重要内容，是长久之策，过去没有变，以后更不会变。确实，去年有段时间，社会上有一些不正确的议论，使一些民营企业家内心感到忧虑。其实在发展民营经济这个问题上，党中央的方针政策一直是非常明确的。党的十九大、二十大和去年的中央经济工作会议，都作了强调。对此，我们是旗帜鲜明、坚定不移的。
First, the policy of “two unswervinglys”, namely unswervingly consolidating and developing the public sector and unswervingly encouraging, supporting and guiding the development of the non-public sector, is an important component of China’s basic economic system. This is a long-term policy that did not change in the past and will not change in the future. Indeed, there were some incorrect discussions about private entrepreneurs last year, which made them feel concerned. As a matter of fact, the Party Central Committee has clear policies and principles regarding the development of the private sector. Both the 19th and the 20th national congresses and the Central Economic Work Conference last year reaffirmed these policies and principles. Our commitment in this regard is unequivocal and steadfast.
第二，民营经济的发展环境会越来越好，发展空间会越来越大。我们将在新起点上大力营造市场化、法治化、国际化营商环境，平等对待各类所有制企业，依法保护企业产权和企业家权益，促进各类经营主体公平竞争，支持民营企业发展壮大。从发展空间看，中国具有超大规模的市场需求，还有很多新领域新赛道有待开拓，都蕴藏着巨大的发展机遇。民营经济一定是大有可为的。
The second point I want to make is that private enterprises will enjoy a better environment and broader space for development. Standing at a new starting point, this government will continue to foster a market-oriented and law-based business environment in keeping with international standards, treat companies under all types of ownership as equals, protect the property rights of enterprises and the rights and interests of entrepreneurs in accordance with law. We will create a level playing field for all kinds of market entities and make further efforts to support private enterprises to grow and thrive. As for development space, China has a super-sized market with huge demand. There are a lot of new sectors and new racing tracks that can be tapped. All this promises great opportunities for private entrepreneurs.
第三，时代呼唤广大民营企业家谱写新的创业史。这也是我特别想说的一点。经济发展有其客观规律，也依赖客观条件，但更需要很强的主观能动性。希望民营企业家大力弘扬优秀企业家精神，坚定信心再出发。说到这里，我不由想起当年江浙等地发展个体私营经济、发展乡镇企业时创造的“四千”精神：走遍千山万水、说尽千言万语、想尽千方百计、吃尽千辛万苦。虽然现在创业的模式、形态发生了很大的变化，但是当时那样一种筚路蓝缕、披荆斩棘的创业精神，是永远需要的。我们各级领导干部要真诚关心、服务民营企业，构建亲清政商关系，带动全社会形成尊重创业者、尊重企业家的良好氛围。我相信，在新时代新征程上，广大民营企业家一定能谱写出更加辉煌的创业史。
Third, the new era inspires private entrepreneurs to write new entrepreneurship stories. This is a point I particularly want to make on this occasion. Economic development follows certain economic laws and depends on the conditions available. However, it is even more important to bring out people’s initiative. So I do hope that private entrepreneurs will carry forward the entrepreneurial spirit and strengthen confidence as they start their new journey. Talking about this, I remember that when Zhejiang Province and Jiangsu Province were developing the private sector and township enterprises, the local entrepreneurs cultivated a strong pioneering spirit. To reach their goals, they were willing to explore all paths, go through all troubles, try all means and endure all hardships. Although the models and forms of entrepreneurship are vastly different today, this kind of pioneering spirit of clearing obstacles and blazing new trails will always be needed. Government officials at all levels must sincerely care for and support the development of private enterprises, build clean and cordial relations with private entrepreneurs and take the lead in promoting a culture of respect for pioneers and entrepreneurs. I am confident that in the new era and on their new journey, our private entrepreneurs will continue to write their exciting entrepreneurship stories.
澎湃新闻记者：网民对于一些民生热点问题高度关注。今年我国就业形势依然严峻，请问政府将采取哪些措施稳就业呢？去年中国出现了多年未有的人口负增长，这是否意味着人口红利即将消失？今年会不会出台延迟退休政策？
The Paper: The netizens are all following closely issues concerning their livelihood. This year, the employment situation remains serious in China. What steps will the government take to stabilize employment? Last year, China’s population experienced negative growth for the first time in decades. Does that mean China’s demographic dividend is disappearing and will the government introduce the policy of postponed retirement this year?
李强：我很愿意回应网民的关切，一有时间我也会上网，看看网民关注什么，有什么好的意见建议。
Premier Li: I’m happy to answer questions raised by the netizens. When I have time, I also go online quite a lot to see what the netizens are thinking and what suggestions they have for the work of the government.
刚才，你实际上提了三个问题。第一个问题，就业问题。就业是民生之本，解决就业问题，最根本的一条，还是要靠发展经济。具体工作中，我们将全面落实就业优先战略，进一步加大就业服务、技能培训等方面的政策支持力度，多措并举稳定和扩大就业岗位，支持和规范发展新就业形态。今年高校毕业生预计1158万，从就业看，有一定压力；但从发展看，注入的是蓬勃的活力。我们将进一步拓宽就业渠道，帮助年轻人通过劳动和奋斗，更好地实现自己的人生价值。
You actually asked three questions. The first question is on employment. Employment is the cornerstone of people’s livelihood. Ultimately, the solution to job creation lies in economic growth. As for the specific steps going forward, we will continue to pursue the employment-first strategy. We will increase government support in terms of employment services and technical training. We will take multiple steps to stabilize and expand employment. We will support and regulate the development of new forms of employment. This year, we expect to see 11.58 million college graduates entering the workforce. This large number certainly adds pressure to employment, but if we look at it from a development perspective, these young people can inject energy and vitality into our society. Going forward, we will further expand channels of employment. In particular, we will help young people realize their personal value through hard work.
第二个问题，人口负增长问题。我国人口增长由正转负，有人担心人口红利会不会就此消失。我看没那么简单。人口红利既要看总量、更要看质量，既要看人口、更要看人才。我国有近9亿劳动力，每年新增劳动力都超过1500万，人力资源丰富仍然是中国的突出优势。更重要的是，我国接受高等教育的人口已超过2.4亿，新增劳动力平均受教育年限达到14年。可以说，我们的“人口红利”没有消失，“人才红利”正在形成，发展动力依旧强劲。当然，我们对人口增减可能带来的问题还要作深入的分析研判，积极应对。
Your second question concerns population growth. With negative population growth in China, some people are worried that China’s demographic dividend may be disappearing. But I don’t think it is that simple. When assessing demographic dividend, we should look at not just the quantity but also the quality of population. We should not just look at the sheer size of the population, but also look at the scale of high-caliber workforce. Now we have a close to 900 million working-age population, and every year more than 15 million people join the workforce. A rich supply of human resources remains China’s notable strength. More importantly, we have more than 240 million people who have received higher education, and the average length of education received by new entrants into the workforce has increased to 14 years. Therefore, China’s demographic dividend has not disappeared, and our talent dividend is in the making. The driving force for China’s development remains strong. That said, we will conduct careful study on the problems that may be brought by the changes in population and respond with appropriate steps.
至于延迟退休政策问题，我们将认真研究、充分论证，在适当时候稳妥推出。
Your third question concerns the policy of postponed retirement. We will conduct careful studies and thorough analysis to roll out the policy prudently in due course.
乌兹别克斯坦人民言论报记者：国际上有些人质疑，相比于其他国家，中国在防疫上实施了两年多的严控，是否确有必要？应对未来可能出现的新一波疫情，中国作了哪些准备？
Narodnoe Slovo of Uzbekistan: China kept strict COVID measures in place for over two years. As some people in the world have questioned, were those measures truly necessary? And what preparation has China made for a potential new wave of COVID?
李强：疫情三年，中国人民在中国共产党的坚强领导下，同心抗疫，现在已经取得重大决定性胜利。三年多来，我们始终坚持人民至上、生命至上，坚持科学精准防控，因时因势优化调整防控措施。在病毒致病力较强的阶段，我们果断实施“乙类甲管”，有效保护了人民生命安全和身体健康，也为疫苗和药物研制、疫苗接种普及等争取了宝贵时间。随着病毒致病力减弱和我国防治能力提高，我们对防控措施作了一系列优化调整，适时进行了转段，实施了“乙类乙管”。中国这样一个人口众多、发展不平衡的大国，用不到两个月的时间实现了疫情防控平稳转段，较快恢复了经济社会正常秩序，是很了不起的。实践证明，我国疫情防控的各项策略措施是完全正确的，防控成效是巨大的。
Premier Li: For over three years, under the strong leadership of the Communist Party of China, the Chinese people have made united efforts in fighting COVID-19, and achieved a major and decisive victory in the battle against the disease.
For the past three years, we have always put the people and life above everything else. We have adopted a well-conceived and targeted approach, and adjusted and improved our response measures in light of changing conditions. At the beginning of the pandemic when the virus was highly pathogenic, we resolutely introduced containment measures for class-A infectious diseases. Such efforts helped protect people’s life and health and won us valuable time for the R&D of vaccines and medicines, and for the rolling out of vaccination. At a later stage when the virus became less pathogenic and with the increase in China’s capacity for pandemic control, we improved and adjusted our response measures, made the transition in the response phase in due course, and started to implement measures designed for class-B infectious diseases.
China is a country with a large population and unbalanced development. Yet it only took us less than two months to achieve a smooth transition in COVID response phase and normal economic and social order was restored in a relatively short span of time. This is indeed a remarkable achievement. What has happened proves that China’s COVID strategies and measures are completely right and our COVID response has been highly effective.
人类与病毒的斗争是一个长期历史过程。当前新冠疫情传播的风险仍然存在，我们将及时研判，做好预测预警，并制定完善不同情景下的疫情应对预案，不断加强医疗卫生服务体系建设，加快疫苗和药物的研发，加强与国际社会的合作和协调，共同维护人类健康福祉。
Humanity’s battle against the virus is a long-term and historical process. Currently, the risk of virus transmission still exists, so we will make timely assessment of the evolving situation, build up our capacity for early warning and forecast, and make contingency plans for different kinds of scenarios. We will also strengthen the medical and health service systems and speed up the development of new vaccines and drugs. We have also been engaged in coordination and cooperation with the international community to jointly protect the health and well-being of humanity.
