关于2022年中央和地方预算执行情况与2023年中央和地方预算草案的报告文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/14304.html
REPORT ON THE EXECUTION OF THE CENTRAL AND LOCAL BUDGETS FOR 2022 AND ON THE DRAFT CENTRAL AND LOCAL BUDGETS FOR 2023文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/14304.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/14304.html
——2023年3月5日在第十四届全国人民代表大会第一次会议上文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/14304.html
First Session of the 14th National People’s Congress of the People’s Republic of China文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/14304.html
March 5, 2023文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/14304.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/14304.html
财政部文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/14304.html
Ministry of Finance文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/14304.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/14304.html
各位代表：
Esteemed Deputies,
受国务院委托，现将2022年中央和地方预算执行情况与2023年中央和地方预算草案提请十四届全国人大一次会议审查，并请全国政协各位委员提出意见。
The Ministry of Finance has been entrusted by the State Council to submit this report on the execution of the central and local budgets for 2022 and on the draft central and local budgets for 2023 to the present First Session of the 14th National People’s Congress (NPC) for your deliberation and for comments from members of the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC).
一、2022年中央和地方预算执行情况
I. Execution of the 2022 Central and Local Budgets
2022年是党和国家历史上极为重要的一年。党的二十大胜利召开，描绘了全面建设社会主义现代化国家的宏伟蓝图，为新时代新征程党和国家事业发展、实现第二个百年奋斗目标指明了前进方向、确立了行动指南。一年来，面对风高浪急的国际环境和艰巨繁重的国内改革发展稳定任务，在以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导下，各地区各部门坚持以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，深入贯彻党的十九大和十九届历次全会精神，认真学习贯彻党的二十大精神，按照党中央、国务院决策部署，坚持稳中求进工作总基调，全面落实疫情要防住、经济要稳住、发展要安全的要求，完整、准确、全面贯彻新发展理念，主动构建新发展格局，着力推动高质量发展，深化供给侧结构性改革，统筹国内国际两个大局，统筹疫情防控和经济社会发展，统筹发展和安全，严格执行十三届全国人大五次会议审查批准的预算，加大宏观调控力度，应对超预期因素冲击，发展质量稳步提升，科技创新成果丰硕，改革开放全面深化，美丽中国建设扎实推进，就业物价基本平稳，粮食安全、能源安全和人民生活得到有效保障，保持了经济社会大局稳定。
The year 2022 was of great importance in the history of both the Party and the country. The 20th CPC National Congress was held successfully. It drew up a grand blueprint for turning China into a modern socialist country in all respects, charting the course for the development of the cause of the Party and the country on the new journey in the new era to achieve the Second Centenary Goal and establishing a guide to action in this regard. Over the past year, confronted with high winds and choppy waters in the global environment and faced with the challenging tasks of promoting reform, development, and stability at home, under the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, all localities and departments followed the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, fully implemented the guiding principles from the 19th National Congress and the plenary sessions of the 19th Party Central Committee, and earnestly studied and implemented the guiding principles from the 20th National Congress.
We fully applied the decisions and plans of the Party Central Committee and the State Council and remained committed to the general principle of pursuing progress while ensuring stability. We implemented the requirements of ensuring effective Covid-19 response, economic stability, and safe development across the board, and fully and faithfully applied the new development philosophy on all fronts. We worked to create a new pattern of development, promote high-quality development, and deepen supply-side structural reform. We gave consideration to both domestic and international imperatives, responded to the Covid-19 epidemic while also promoting economic and social development, and ensured both development and security.
We rigorously executed the budgets reviewed and approved at the Fifth Session of the 13th NPC and strengthened macro regulation to respond to shocks from factors that exceeded expectations. We steadily raised the quality of development, made major advances in scientific and technological innovation, deepened reform and opening up across the board, and scored solid progress in advancing the Beautiful China Initiative. We essentially kept employment and prices stable, effectively ensured food and energy security, and met people’s basic living needs, thus maintaining economic and social stability.
过去一年，财政工作面临不少挑战，财政运行处于紧平衡状态，经历了一个十分不易的过程。一季度经济开局比较平稳，全国一般公共预算收入增长8.6%。进入二季度后，受疫情反复、国际形势变化等影响，经济下行压力陡然加大，叠加实施大规模增值税留抵退税政策，财政收入大幅下滑，4月份全国一般公共预算收入下降41.3%。随着稳经济一揽子政策和接续措施出台实施，经济下滑势头得到遏制，5、6月份财政收入降幅分别收窄至32.5%、10.5%，加上大规模留抵退税政策上半年大头落地，下半年财政收入形势好转，增速8月份开始由负转正、增长5.6%，9月份以后进一步回升。预算执行中，财政部门坚决落实党中央、国务院决策部署，主动作为、应变克难，加强经济形势和财政收支分析研判，强化财政资源统筹，多渠道盘活国有资产资源，及时清理收回结转结余资金，科学调度国库库款，严格落实过紧日子要求，全力保障民生等重点支出需要，进一步严肃财经纪律，全年全国预算执行情况和经济发展状况基本匹配，中央财政收支符合预算、支出略有结余，为高效统筹疫情防控和经济社会发展提供了必要的财力支撑。
Over the past year, public finance work faced multiple challenges and fiscal operations remained tight, posing great difficulties. The economy initially got off to a steady start in the first quarter, with revenue in the national general public budget increasing by 8.6%. In the second quarter, however, as influenced by the resurgence of Covid-19 and the evolving international landscape, downward pressure on the economy suddenly increased. Added to that, large-scale value-added tax (VAT) credit refund policy was applied. As a result, fiscal revenue fell sharply, with a decrease of 41.3% in the national general public budget in April. After the introduction of a package of policies and follow-up measures to stabilize the economy, the economic downturn was effectively curbed. The decline in fiscal revenue narrowed to 32.5% and 10.5% in May and June, respectively. Moreover, as the application of the VAT credit refund policy was largely completed in the first half of the year, fiscal revenue took a turn for the better in the second half. Positive growth resumed in August with an increase of 5.6%, and a faster rate of recovery was registered in the following months.
During the execution of budgets, finance departments firmly implemented the decisions and plans of the Party Central Committee and the State Council, responded proactively to changes and difficulties, and stepped up analysis and assessment of economic conditions and fiscal revenue and spending. We strengthened unified management of fiscal resources, put state assets and resources to good use through multiple avenues, and reviewed and took back carryover and surplus funds in a timely manner. We better allocated funds from the treasury, acted in strict compliance with belt-tightening requirements, and thus ensured spending on key areas such as securing people’s wellbeing. In addition, continued efforts were made to tighten fiscal discipline. The national budget over the past year was executed largely in line with the conditions of economic development, and the central government’s revenue and expenditure were consistent with budget projections, with actual expenditure slightly lower than the budgeted figure. We therefore provided essential fiscal support for effectively responding to the Covid-19 epidemic while also promoting economic and social development.
（一）2022年一般公共预算收支情况。
- Revenue and expenditure in the general public budget in 2022
1．全国一般公共预算。
1) National general public budget
全国一般公共预算收入203703.48亿元，为预算的96.9%，比2021年增长0.6%。其中，税收收入166613.96亿元，下降3.5%；非税收入37089.52亿元，增长24.4%，主要是盘活存量资源资产，国有资源（资产）有偿使用收入等增加较多。加上从预算稳定调节基金、政府性基金预算、国有资本经营预算调入资金及使用结转结余24541亿元，收入总量为228244.48亿元。全国一般公共预算支出260609.17亿元，完成预算的97.6%，增长6.1%。加上补充中央预算稳定调节基金1185.31亿元、向政府性基金预算调出150亿元，支出总量为261944.48亿元。收支总量相抵，赤字33700亿元，与预算持平。
Revenue in the national general public budget was 20.370348 trillion yuan, representing 96.9% of the budgeted figure and an increase of 0.6% compared with 2021. Revenue included tax receipts of 16.661396 trillion yuan, a decrease of 3.5%, and non-tax revenue of 3.708952 trillion yuan, an increase of 24.4%. This was mainly due to the fact that idle state-owned resources and assets were put to use, and revenue from the compensated use of them increased considerably. With the addition of 2.4541 trillion yuan of funds transferred from budget stabilization funds, budgets of government-managed funds, and budgets of state capital operations as well as utilized carryover and surplus funds, total revenue reached 22.824448 trillion yuan.
Expenditure in the national general public budget was 26.060917 trillion yuan, representing 97.6% of the budgeted figure and an increase of 6.1%. With the addition of 118.531 billion yuan used to replenish the Central Budget Stabilization Fund and 15 billion yuan transferred to budgets of government-managed funds, total expenditure reached 26.194448 trillion yuan. Total expenditure exceeded total revenue, leaving a deficit of 3.37 trillion yuan, which is consistent with the figure projected.
2．中央一般公共预算。
2) Central general public budget
中央一般公共预算收入94884.98亿元，为预算的100%，增长3.8%。加上从中央预算稳定调节基金调入2765亿元，从中央政府性基金预算、中央国有资本经营预算调入9900亿元，收入总量为107549.98亿元。中央一般公共预算支出132714.67亿元，完成预算的99%，增长13.3%，主要是加大对地方转移支付力度，其中，本级支出35569.92亿元，完成预算的100%，增长3.9%；对地方转移支付97144.75亿元，完成预算的99.2%，增长17.1%（剔除一次性安排的支持基层落实减税降费和重点民生等专项转移支付后增长6.8%）。加上补充中央预算稳定调节基金1185.31亿元、向中央政府性基金预算调出150亿元，支出总量为134049.98亿元。收支总量相抵，中央财政赤字26500亿元，与预算持平。
Revenue in the central government’s general public budget was 9.488498 trillion yuan, representing 100% of the budgeted figure and an increase of 3.8%. Adding in 276.5 billion yuan from the Central Budget Stabilization Fund and 990 billion yuan from the budgets of central government-managed funds and central government state capital operations, total revenue came to 10.754998 trillion yuan.
Expenditure in the central government’s general public budget totaled 13.271467 trillion yuan, representing 99% of the budgeted figure and an increase of 13.3%, mainly due to the increased transfer payments to local governments. This figure includes: central government expenditures of 3.556992 trillion yuan, representing 100% of the budgeted figure and a 3.9% increase; and transfer payments to local governments of 9.714475 trillion yuan, representing 99.2% of the budgeted figure and an increase of 17.1% (or 6.8% after deducting one-time special transfer payments to support primary-level governments in implementing tax and fee cuts and ensuring key public wellbeing projects). With the addition of 118.531 billion yuan contributed to the Central Budget Stabilization Fund and 15 billion yuan transferred to the budget of central government-managed funds, total expenditure reached 13.404998 trillion yuan. Total expenditure exceeded total revenue, leaving a deficit of 2.65 trillion yuan, which is consistent with the figure projected.
中央一般公共预算主要收入项目具体情况是：国内增值税24255.05亿元，为预算的77.1%，主要是加大力度实施增值税留抵退税政策增加当期减收。国内消费税16698.81亿元，为预算的111.6%，主要是成品油、卷烟等行业消费税增加。企业所得税27866.45亿元，为预算的97.4%。个人所得税8953.77亿元，为预算的96.8%。关税2860.29亿元，为预算的98%。进口货物增值税、消费税19994.78亿元，为预算的109.9%，主要是大宗商品价格上涨和一般贸易进口增长超出预期。
Main revenue items in the central government’s general public budget: Domestic VAT revenue was 2.425505 trillion yuan, 77.1% of the budgeted figure. This was primarily due to the larger decrease in revenue as a result of the intensified application of the VAT credit refund policy. Domestic excise tax revenue reached 1.669881 trillion yuan, 111.6% of the budgeted figure, mainly because of higher taxes on refined oil products, cigarettes, and other products. Corporate income tax revenue was 2.786645 trillion yuan, 97.4% of the budgeted figure. Individual income tax revenue was 895.377 billion yuan, 96.8% of the budgeted figure. Revenue from customs duties totaled 286.029 billion yuan, 98% of the budgeted figure. Revenue from VAT and excise tax on imports came to 1.999478 trillion yuan, 109.9% of the budgeted figure, primarily due to higher prices for imported commodities and better-than-expected growth of imports in general trade.
中央一般公共预算本级主要支出项目具体情况是：一般公共服务支出1578.54亿元，完成预算的104.7%。外交支出488.83亿元，完成预算的97.2%。国防支出14499.63亿元，完成预算的100%。公共安全支出1964.64亿元，完成预算的100.8%。教育支出1524.26亿元，完成预算的99.9%。科学技术支出3215.52亿元，完成预算的100.9%。粮油物资储备支出1169.34亿元，完成预算的102.9%。债务付息支出6523.99亿元，完成预算的102.2%。
Main expenditures in the central government’s general public budget: General public service expenditures reached 157.854 billion yuan, 104.7% of the budgeted figure. Diplomatic spending totaled 48.883 billion yuan, 97.2% of the budgeted figure. National defense spending was 1.449963 trillion yuan, 100% of the budgeted figure. Public security expenses totaled 196.464 billion yuan, 100.8% of the budgeted figure. Spending on education came to 152.426 billion yuan, 99.9% of the budgeted figure. Spending on science and technology amounted to 321.552 billion yuan, 100.9% of the budgeted figure. Spending on stockpiling grain, edible oils, and other materials was 116.934 billion yuan, 102.9% of the budgeted figure. Interest payments on debt totaled 652.399 billion yuan, 102.2% of the budgeted figure.
中央对地方转移支付具体情况是：一般性转移支付80994.23亿元，完成预算的98.6%；专项转移支付7617.03亿元，完成预算的97.2%。此外，一次性安排的支持基层落实减税降费和重点民生等专项转移支付8533.49亿元，完成预算的106.7%。
Central government transfer payments made to local governments: General transfer payments totaled 8.099423 trillion yuan, 98.6% of the budgeted figure. Special transfer payments reached 761.703 billion yuan, 97.2% of the budgeted figure. In addition, one-time special transfer payments to support primary-level governments in implementing tax and fee cuts and ensuring key public wellbeing projects reached 853.349 billion yuan, 106.7% of the budgeted figure.
2022年中央一般公共预算超收收入4.98亿元、支出结余1180.33亿元，全部补充中央预算稳定调节基金。中央预备费预算500亿元，实际支出110亿元，主要用于支持地方做好抗旱减灾等工作，剩余390亿元（已包含在上述结余1180.33亿元中）全部补充中央预算稳定调节基金。加上中央政府性基金结转结余资金补充5.1亿元后，2022年末，中央预算稳定调节基金余额2351.63亿元。
In 2022, a total of 498 million yuan of extra revenue and 118.033 billion yuan of unspent funds in the central general public budget were contributed in full to the Central Budget Stabilization Fund. Central government reserve funds budgeted for 2022 amounted to 50 billion yuan. Of this, actual spending was 11 billion yuan, which was mainly used to support localities in carrying out drought relief and disaster mitigation. The 39-billion-yuan surplus (already included in the aforementioned 118.033 billion yuan of unspent funds) was contributed in full to the Central Budget Stabilization Fund. Adding in 510 million yuan of carryover and surplus funds from central government-managed funds, at the end of 2022, the Central Budget Stabilization Fund had a balance of 235.163 billion yuan.
3．地方一般公共预算。
3) Local general public budget
地方一般公共预算收入205963.25亿元，其中，本级收入108818.5亿元，下降2.1%；中央对地方转移支付收入97144.75亿元。加上从地方预算稳定调节基金、政府性基金预算、国有资本经营预算调入资金及使用结转结余11876亿元，收入总量为217839.25亿元。地方一般公共预算支出225039.25亿元，增长6.4%。收支总量相抵，地方财政赤字7200亿元，与预算持平。
Revenue in the local general public budget was 20.596325 trillion yuan. This figure includes 10.88185 trillion yuan in local government revenue, a decrease of 2.1% compared with 2021, and 9.714475 trillion yuan in transfer payments from the central government. With the addition of 1.1876 trillion yuan transferred from local budget stabilization funds, the budgets of local government-managed funds, and the budgets of local state capital operations as well as utilized carryover and surplus funds, total revenue reached 21.783925 trillion yuan. Expenditures in the local general public budget totaled 22.503925 trillion yuan, a 6.4% increase. Total expenditure exceeded total revenue, creating a local government deficit of 720 billion yuan, which is consistent with the figure projected.
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