2022年美国侵犯人权报告文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/14339.html
The Report on Human Rights Violations in the United States in 2022文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/14339.html
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Contents
序言
Foreword
一、公民权利保护制度严重失能
I. Dysfunctional Civil Rights Protection System
二、美式选举民主日益空心化
II. Hollowed-out American-style Electoral Democracy
三、种族歧视与不平等愈演愈烈
III. Growing Racial Discrimination and Inequality
四、底层民众基本生存危机加重
IV. Worsening Subsistence Crisis among U.S. Underclass
五、妇女儿童权利历史性倒退
V. Historic Retrogression in Women’s and Children’s Rights
六、恣意侵犯他国人权践踏正义
VI. Wanton Violation of Other Countries’ Human Rights and Trampling on Justice
序言
Foreword
2022年是美国人权状况标志性倒退的一年。自诩“人权卫士”的美国，金钱政治、种族歧视、枪支泛滥、警察暴力、贫富分化等痼疾难除，人权立法司法大开历史倒车，美国人民的基本权利和自由被进一步架空。
The year 2022 witnessed a landmark setback for U.S. human rights. In the United States, a country labeling itself a “human rights defender,” “chronic diseases” such as money politics, racial discrimination, gun and police violence, and wealth polarization are rampant. Human rights legislation and justice have seen an extreme retrogression, further undermining the basic rights and freedoms of the American people.
政府大幅放松枪支管制，枪支暴力致死人数居高不下。联邦最高法院2022年对“布鲁恩案”的裁决成为美国控枪领域的标志性倒退。美国近一半的州放松了持枪限制。美国的枪支拥有率、涉枪凶杀率、大规模枪击事件数量均居世界第一，2022年是有记录以来美国连续第三年发生超过600起大规模枪击事件，枪支暴力导致超过8万人死伤。枪支暴力已经成为一种“美国疾病”。
The U.S. government has greatly relaxed gun control, resulting in high death toll from gun violence. The U.S. Supreme Court’s decision in the Bruen case in 2022 became a landmark regression in the field of gun control in the United States. Nearly half of U.S. states have relaxed gun restrictions. The United States leads the world in gun ownership, gun homicide and mass shootings, with more than 80,000 people killed or injured by gun violence in 2022, the third consecutive year on record that the United States experiences more than 600 mass shootings. Gun violence has become an “American disease.”
中期选举成为最昂贵的选举，美式民主失去民意基础。美国的选举费用一再飙升，2022年中期选举累计花费超过167亿美元。亿万富翁的政治献金占所有联邦政治项目献金的15%，远高于2020年选举周期的11%。“黑金”捐赠暗中操控选举走向，政治极化和社会撕裂导致民主共识难以达成。69%的美国人认为美国民主面临“崩溃风险”，86%的美国选民表示美国民主面临“非常严重的威胁”，人们对美式民主普遍感到绝望。
Midterm elections have become the most expensive ones in the United States, and American-style democracy has lost its popular support. The cost of elections in the United States has soared again, with cumulative spending of the 2022 midterm elections exceeding more than 16.7 billion U.S. dollars. Political donations from billionaires accounted for 15 percent of the federal total, up from 11 percent in the 2020 election cycle. “Dark money” donations manipulate U.S. elections furtively, and political polarization and social fragmentation make it difficult for the country to reach a democratic consensus. With 69 percent of Americans believing their democracy is at “risk of collapse” and 86 percent of American voters saying it faces “very serious threats,” there is a general public disillusionment of American-style democracy.
种族主义愈演愈烈，少数族裔遭受广泛歧视。美国基于种族偏见的仇恨犯罪在2020年至2022年间大幅增长。布法罗超市种族主义屠杀惨案震惊世界，10名非洲裔美国人遇害。81%的亚裔美国人表示针对亚裔社区的暴力正在增加。非洲裔被警察杀害的可能性是白人的2.78倍。美国政府历史上对印第安等原住民采取种族灭绝、文化同化措施，造成的苦难至今仍在延续。
Racism is on the rise and ethnic minorities suffer widespread discrimination. Hate crimes based on racial bias in the United States increased dramatically between 2020 and 2022. The racist massacre at a Buffalo supermarket, with 10 African-Americans killed, has shocked the world. A total of 81 percent of Asian Americans say violence against Asian communities is surging. African Americans are 2.78 times more likely to be killed by police than whites. The sufferings caused by genocide and cultural assimilation taken by the U.S. government against Indians and other aborigines in history still persist today.
人均预期寿命大幅下降，药物滥用致死人数持续攀升。美国疾病控制和预防中心下属全国健康状况统计中心2022年8月发布的报告显示，2019年至2021年，美国人均预期寿命下降了2.7岁，至76.1岁，降至1996年来新低。利益集团和政客进行权钱交易，放任毒品和药物滥用愈演愈烈。近年来死于毒品和药物滥用的美国人急剧增加，每年超过10万人。药物滥用已经成为美国最具破坏性的公共卫生危机之一。
Life expectancy has plummeted, and deaths from drug abuse continue to climb. According to a report released in August 2022 by the National Center for Health Statistics under the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, average life expectancy in the United States dropped by 2.7 years to 76.1 years from 2019 to 2021, the lowest since 1996. Interest groups and politicians trade power for money, allowing drug and substance abuse to flourish. The number of Americans dying from drug and substance abuse has increased dramatically in recent years, to more than 100,000 per year. Substance abuse has become one of America’s most devastating public health crises.
妇女堕胎失去宪法保护，儿童生存环境令人担忧。美国联邦最高法院推翻“罗伊诉韦德案”的裁决终结了近50年来受宪法保护的堕胎权，是对妇女人权和性别平等的巨大打击。2022年美国有超过5800名18岁以下的儿童因枪击受伤或死亡，校园枪击事件数量高达302起，创1970年以来的最高值。美国儿童贫困率从2021年12月的12.1%上升至2022年5月的16.6%，增加了330万贫困儿童。2018年以来被非法雇用的童工激增近70%，2022财年受雇专门从事危险工作的儿童增加了26%。
Women have lost constitutional protections for abortion, and children’s living environment is worrying. The U.S. Supreme Court’s ruling overturning Roe v. Wade has ended women’s right to abortion protected by the U.S. Constitution for nearly 50 years, which lands a huge blow to women’s human rights and gender equality. In 2022, more than 5,800 children under the age of 18 got injured or killed by shooting in the United States, and the number of school shootings amounted to 302, the highest since 1970. The child poverty rate in the United States increased from 12.1 percent in December 2021 to 16.6 percent in May 2022, with 3.3 million more children living in poverty. The United States had seen a nearly 70 percent increase in child labor violations since 2018, and registered a 26 percent increase in minors employed in hazardous occupations in fiscal year 2022.
滥用武力和单边制裁，制造人道主义灾难。21世纪以来，美国以“反恐”为名在85个国家开展军事行动，直接导致至少92.9万平民死亡，3800万人流离失所。美国实施的单边制裁总数为世界之最，目前仍在对20多个国家实施制裁，导致被制裁国家无法向其人民提供基本的食物和药品。移民沦为党争工具，“抛甩”移民闹剧大规模上演，面临极端仇外和残酷对待。2022年有近240万移民被拘留在美国边境，创历史新高；南部边境移民死亡总数达856人，是死亡人数最多的一年。
U.S. abuse of force and unilateral sanctions has created humanitarian disasters. Since the beginning of the 21st century, the United States has carried out military operations in 85 countries in the name of “anti-terrorism,” which directly claimed at least 929,000 civilian lives and displaced 38 million people. The United States has imposed more unilateral sanctions than any other country in the world, and it still has sanctions in place against more than 20 countries, resulting in the inability of those targeted to provide basic food and medicine for their people. Immigration issue has become a tool of partisan fight, and immigration farces have been staged on a large scale, making immigrants face extreme xenophobia and cruel treatment. There were a record high of nearly 2.4 million migrant arrests at the nation’s border in 2022, and the death toll of immigrants at its southern border reached 856, the deadliest in a single year.
建基于殖民主义、种族主义奴隶制和劳动、占有、分配不平等之上的美国，在两极分化的经济分配格局、种族冲突的社会格局以及资本利益集团操控的政治格局相互作用下，近年来进一步陷入制度失灵、治理缺位、族群撕裂、社会动荡的泥潭。
The United States, founded on colonialism, racist slavery and inequality in labor, possession and distribution, has further fallen into a quagmire of system failure, governance deficits, racial divide and social unrest in recent years under the interaction of its polarized economic distribution pattern, racial conflict dominated social pattern and capital interest groups controlled political pattern.
服务于寡头利益的美国政客，不仅日渐丧失了回应普通民众基本诉求、捍卫普通公民基本权利的主观意愿与客观能力，无力解决自身人权问题的结构性顽疾，反而恣意以人权为武器攻击他国，在国际社会制造对立、分裂和混乱，已成为全球人权发展的搅局者和阻碍者。
American politicians, serving the interests of oligarchs, have gradually lost their subjective will and objective ability to respond to the basic demands of ordinary people and defend the basic rights of ordinary citizens, and failed to solve their own structural problems of human rights. Instead, they wantonly use human rights as a weapon to attack other countries, creating confrontation, division and chaos in the international community, and have thus become a spoiler and obstructor of global human rights development.
