中华人民共和国外国国家豁免法文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/14815.html
The Law of the People’s Republic of China on Foreign State Immunity文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/14815.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/14815.html
（2023年9月1日第十四届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第五次会议通过）文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/14815.html
(Adopted at the Fifth Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Fourteenth National People’s Congress on September 1, 2023)文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/14815.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/14815.html
第一条 为了健全外国国家豁免制度，明确中华人民共和国的法院对涉及外国国家及其财产民事案件的管辖，保护当事人合法权益，维护国家主权平等，促进对外友好交往，根据宪法，制定本法。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/14815.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/14815.html
Article 1 文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/14815.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/14815.html
This Law is enacted pursuant to the Constitution of the People’s Republic of China to improve China’s foreign state immunity system and define the jurisdiction of the courts of the People’s Republic of China over civil cases involving a foreign State and its property with a view to protecting the lawful rights and interests of the parties concerned, safeguarding the sovereign equality of States, and promoting friendly exchanges with other countries.
第二条 本法所称的外国国家包括：
Article 2
In this Law, a foreign State means:
（一）外国主权国家；
1. a foreign sovereign State;
（二）外国主权国家的国家机关或者组成部分；
2. a State organ or a constituent part of a foreign sovereign State; or
（三）外国主权国家授权行使主权权力且基于该项授权从事活动的组织或者个人。
3. an organization or an individual, authorized by a foreign sovereign State, that exercises sovereign authority and conducts activities in accordance with such authorization.
第三条 外国国家及其财产在中华人民共和国的法院享有管辖豁免，本法另有规定的除外。
Article 3
Unless otherwise provided by this Law, a foreign State and its property enjoy immunity from the jurisdiction of the courts of the People’s Republic of China.
第四条 外国国家通过下列方式之一明示就特定事项或者案件接受中华人民共和国的法院管辖的，对于就该事项或者案件提起的诉讼，该外国国家在中华人民共和国的法院不享有管辖豁免：
Article 4
A foreign State shall not enjoy immunity from the jurisdiction of the courts of the People’s Republic of China in proceedings instituted with regard to a particular matter or case if it has expressly submitted to the jurisdiction of the courts of the People’s Republic of China with regard to the matter or case:
（一）国际条约；
1. in an international treaty;
（二）书面协议；
2. in a written agreement;
（三）向处理案件的中华人民共和国的法院提交书面文件；
3. in a written document filed with the court of the People’s Republic of China handling the case;
（四）通过外交渠道等方式向中华人民共和国提交书面文件；
4. in a written document submitted to the People’s Republic of China through diplomatic or other channels; or
（五）其他明示接受中华人民共和国的法院管辖的方式。
5. in other manner of express submission to the jurisdiction of the courts of the People’s Republic of China.
第五条 外国国家有下列情形之一的，视为就特定事项或者案件接受中华人民共和国的法院管辖：
Article 5
A foreign State shall be considered as having submitted to the jurisdiction of the courts of the People’s Republic of China with regard to a particular matter or case if it has:
（一）作为原告向中华人民共和国的法院提起诉讼；
1. instituted proceedings in a court of the People’s Republic of China as a plaintiff;
（二）作为被告参加中华人民共和国的法院受理的诉讼，并就案件实体问题答辩或者提出反诉；
2. participated in proceedings before a court of the People’s Republic of China as a defendant, and made a defense on the merits of the case or a counterclaim;
（三）作为第三人参加中华人民共和国的法院受理的诉讼；
3. participated in proceedings before a court of the People’s Republic of China as a third party; or
（四）在中华人民共和国的法院作为原告提起诉讼或者作为第三人提出诉讼请求时，由于与该起诉或者该诉讼请求相同的法律关系或者事实被提起反诉。
4. been counterclaimed on the basis of the same legal relationship or facts during proceedings it instituted as a plaintiff or in the claims it made as a third party before a court of the People’s Republic of China.
外国国家有前款第二项规定的情形，但能够证明其作出上述答辩之前不可能知道有可主张豁免的事实的，可以在知道或者应当知道该事实后的合理时间内主张管辖豁免。
Notwithstanding the provision of sub-paragraph 2 of the preceding paragraph, where a foreign State can prove that it could not have acquired knowledge of facts on which a claim to immunity can be based until after it made the defense, it can claim immunity within a reasonable period after it knew or ought to have known about those facts.
第六条 外国国家有下列情形之一的，不视为接受中华人民共和国的法院管辖：
Article 6
A foreign State shall not be considered as having submitted to the jurisdiction of the courts of the People’s Republic of China if:
（一）仅为主张豁免而应诉答辩；
1. it makes a defense for the sole purpose of claiming immunity;
（二）外国国家的代表在中华人民共和国的法院出庭作证；
2. its representative appears before a court of the People’s Republic of China as a witness; or
（三）同意在特定事项或者案件中适用中华人民共和国的法律。
3. it consents to the application of the law of the People’s Republic of China to a particular matter or case.
第七条 外国国家与包括中华人民共和国在内的其他国家的组织或者个人进行的商业活动，在中华人民共和国领域内发生，或者虽然发生在中华人民共和国领域外但在中华人民共和国领域内产生直接影响的，对于该商业活动引起的诉讼，该外国国家在中华人民共和国的法院不享有管辖豁免。
Article 7
A foreign State shall not enjoy immunity from the jurisdiction of the courts of the People’s Republic of China in any proceedings arising out of a commercial activity between the foreign State and an organization or an individual of another State including the People’s Republic of China, which takes place in the territory of the People’s Republic of China, or takes place outside the territory of the People’s Republic of China but causes a direct effect in the territory of the People’s Republic of China.
本法所称商业活动是指非行使主权权力的关于货物或者服务的交易、投资、借贷以及其他商业性质的行为。中华人民共和国的法院在认定一项行为是否属于商业活动时，应当综合考虑该行为的性质和目的。
In this Law, a commercial activity means any act of transaction of goods or services, investment, lending, or any other act of a commercial nature, which is not an exercise of sovereign authority. The courts of the People’s Republic of China, in determining whether an act is a commercial activity, shall consider all factors relating to the nature and purpose of the act.
第八条 外国国家为获得个人提供的劳动或者劳务而签订的合同全部或者部分在中华人民共和国领域内履行的，对于因该合同引起的诉讼，该外国国家在中华人民共和国的法院不享有管辖豁免，但有下列情形之一的除外：
Article 8
A foreign State shall not enjoy immunity from the jurisdiction of the courts of the People’s Republic of China in any proceedings arising out of a contract concluded by the foreign State for labor or services provided by an individual where the contract is performed, in whole or in part, in the territory of the People’s Republic of China, except where:
（一）获得个人提供的劳动或者劳务是为了履行该外国国家行使主权权力的特定职能；
1. the procurement of labor or services provided by the individual is for the purpose of performing specific functions in the exercise of sovereign authority of the foreign State;
（二）提供劳动或者劳务的个人是外交代表、领事官员、享有豁免的国际组织驻华代表机构工作人员或者其他享有相关豁免的人员；
2. the individual providing labor or services is a diplomatic agent, a consular officer, a staff of a representative office of an international organization in China enjoying immunity, or any other personnel enjoying the relevant immunity;
（三）提供劳动或者劳务的个人在提起诉讼时具有该外国国家的国籍，并且在中华人民共和国领域内没有经常居所；
3. the individual providing labor or services, at the time when the proceedings are instituted, is a national of the foreign State and has no habitual residence in the territory of the People’s Republic of China; or
（四）该外国国家与中华人民共和国另有协议。
4. the foreign State has agreed otherwise with the People’s Republic of China.
第九条 对于外国国家在中华人民共和国领域内的相关行为造成人身伤害、死亡或者造成动产、不动产损失引起的赔偿诉讼，该外国国家在中华人民共和国的法院不享有管辖豁免。
Article 9
A foreign State shall not enjoy immunity from the jurisdiction of the courts of the People’s Republic of China in any proceedings for compensation arising out of personal injury or death or damage to or loss of movable or immovable property caused by the relevant conduct of the foreign State in the territory of the People’s Republic of China.
第十条 对于下列财产事项的诉讼，外国国家在中华人民共和国的法院不享有管辖豁免：
Article 10
A foreign State shall not enjoy immunity from the jurisdiction of the courts of the People’s Republic of China in any proceedings concerning property matters in respect of:
（一）该外国国家对位于中华人民共和国领域内的不动产的任何权益或者义务；
1. any rights, interests or obligations of the foreign State in immovable property located in the territory of the People’s Republic of China;
（二）该外国国家对动产、不动产的赠与、遗赠、继承或者因无人继承而产生的任何权益或者义务；
2. any rights, interests or obligations of the foreign State in movable or immovable property arising by way of gift, testamentary gift, succession or vacant succession; or
（三）在管理信托财产、破产财产或者进行法人、非法人组织清算时涉及该外国国家的权益或者义务。
3. rights, interests or obligations of the foreign State in the management of trust property or bankruptcy estate, or in the liquidation process of a legal person or an unincorporated organization.
第十一条 对于下列知识产权事项的诉讼，外国国家在中华人民共和国的法院不享有管辖豁免：
Article 11
A foreign State shall not enjoy immunity from the jurisdiction of the courts of the People’s Republic of China in any proceedings concerning intellectual property matters in respect of:
（一）确定该外国国家受中华人民共和国法律保护的知识产权归属及相关权益；
1. the determination of ownership and related rights and interests in an intellectual property of the foreign State that is protected by the law of the People’s Republic of China; or
（二）该外国国家在中华人民共和国领域内侵害受中华人民共和国法律保护的知识产权及相关权益。
2. the infringement by the foreign State, in the territory of the People’s Republic of China, of an intellectual property and related rights and interests protected by the law of the People’s Republic of China.
第十二条 外国国家与包括中华人民共和国在内的其他国家的组织或者个人之间的商业活动产生的争议，根据书面协议被提交仲裁的，或者外国国家通过国际投资条约等书面形式同意将其与包括中华人民共和国在内的其他国家的组织或者个人产生的投资争端提交仲裁的，对于需要法院审查的下列事项，该外国国家在中华人民共和国的法院不享有管辖豁免：
If a foreign State
- has entered into an agreement in writing according to which a dispute arising out of a commercial activity between the foreign State and an organization or an individual of another State, including the People’s Republic of China, is submitted to arbitration; or
- has agreed in an international investment treaty or otherwise in writing to submit an investment dispute between the foreign State and an organization or an individual of another State, including the People’s Republic of China, to arbitration,
the foreign State shall not enjoy immunity from the jurisdiction of the courts of the People’s Republic of China in the following matters which are subject to review by the courts:
（一）仲裁协议的效力；
1. the validity of the arbitration agreement;
（二）仲裁裁决的承认和执行；
2. the recognition and enforcement of the arbitration award;
（三）仲裁裁决的撤销；
3. setting aside of the arbitration award; or
（四）法律规定的其他由中华人民共和国的法院对仲裁进行审查的事项。
4. other matters related to arbitration which are subject to review by the courts of the People’s Republic of China as provided by the law.
