新时代中国的周边外交政策展望文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/14920.html
Outlook on China’s Foreign Policy on Its Neighborhood in the New Era文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/14920.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/14920.html
前言文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/14920.html
Preface文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/14920.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/14920.html
中国与周边国家山水相连，人文相通，利益相融，命运与共。双方逾千年的友好交往历史就是一部生动的文明交流互鉴史，充分展示了“贯四时而不衰，历夷险而益固”的友好情谊。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/14920.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/14920.html
China and its neighboring countries enjoy geographical proximity, cultural affinity and integrated interests with a shared future. The millennium-old friendly exchanges between the two sides are a vivid history of exchanges and mutual learning among civilizations. Such friendly bonds are best captured by the Chinese saying: “true friendship weathers the changing seasons without fading away and is made even stronger by hardships.”文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/14920.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/14920.html
周边是中国安身立命之所，发展繁荣之基。作为亚洲大家庭一员和负责任大国，中国高度重视周边外交，始终将周边置于外交全局首要位置，始终致力于促进地区和平稳定与发展繁荣。
The neighborhood is where China survives and thrives and the foundation of its development and prosperity. As a member of the Asian family and a responsible major country, China attaches great importance to neighborhood diplomacy, always prioritizes the neighborhood on its diplomatic agenda, and remains committed to promoting regional peace, stability, development and prosperity.
《新时代中国的周边外交政策展望》基于对亚洲当前形势和未来趋势的评估及看法，全面阐述中国周边外交的实践成果、政策理念和目标，宣示中国将坚持走和平发展道路，以自身发展促进周边发展，同地区国家共同推进现代化进程，共同构建周边命运共同体，携手绘就和平安宁、繁荣美丽、友好共生的新时代亚洲愿景。
Outlook on China’s Foreign Policy on Its Neighborhood in the New Era, based on the assessment and overview of the current situation and future trends in Asia, comprehensively outlines the achievements, policies, visions and objectives of China’s neighborhood diplomacy, and declares China’s commitment to the path of peaceful development, to promoting development of the neighborhood through its own development, to working with regional countries to advance modernization, to jointly building a community with a shared future among neighboring countries and to realizing the vision of a peaceful, secure, prosperous, beautiful, amicable and harmonious Asia in the new era.
一、亚洲面临新的机遇和挑战
I. Asia Faces New Opportunities and Challenges
中共中央总书记、国家主席习近平在中国共产党二十大报告中指出，世界之变、时代之变、历史之变正以前所未有的方式展开，世界又一次站在历史的十字路口。亚洲置身世界百年未有之大变局，站在迈向发展振兴的新起点，面临前所未有的机遇和挑战。
In the Report to the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC), Xi Jinping, General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee and Chinese President, pointed out that changes of our world, our times, and of historical significance are unfolding in ways like never before. The world has once again reached a crossroads in history. Asia, amidst the changes unseen in a century, stands at a new starting point towards development and revitalization and faces unprecedented opportunities and challenges.
亚洲地广物丰，人口众多，文化多元，发展多样，过去几十年总体保持稳定，地区国家之间政治互信不断增强，合作交流日益深化。正是得益于此，亚洲仅用40年左右的时间实现了经济总量占世界比重的翻倍，实现了从低收入到中等收入的飞跃，形成合作发展和快速崛起势头。近年来，亚洲作为拉动世界经济复苏和增长的重要引擎，对世界经济增长贡献率超过50%。亚洲是全球最富活力和潜力的地区，将持续成为全球发展繁荣的热土。
Asia, with its vast land and abundant resources, is home to a large population with diverse cultures and development. It has remained generally stable in the past few decades. Regional countries have enjoyed growing political mutual trust and ever deepening cooperation and exchanges. As a result, Asia has doubled its share of the world economy, made the leap from a region of low income to one of middle income, and formed a momentum of cooperation, development and rapid rise in a short span of 40 years. In recent years, Asia, as an important engine driving global economic recovery and growth, has contributed more than 50 percent to global growth. Asia is the most dynamic region with the biggest development potential in the world and will remain a promising land for global development and prosperity.
同时，全球治理失序，冷战思维回潮，单边主义、保护主义、霸权主义横行，能源、粮食、金融、产供链、气候变化等多重风险对亚洲影响日益突出。亚洲也面临经济发展不平衡、安全和治理问题突出等挑战。一些国家加紧构建地区军事同盟，朝鲜半岛问题复杂难解，阿富汗重建挑战重重，恐怖主义、自然灾害等非传统安全威胁犹存。
Meanwhile, global governance is in dysfunction; Cold War mentality is resurfacing; unilateralism, protectionism and hegemonism run rampant; multiple risks in such fields as energy, food, finance, industrial and supply chains and climate change are having greater impact on Asia. Asia also faces challenges such as uneven economic growth, and pronounced security and governance issues. Some countries have intensified efforts to build regional military alliances; the Korean Peninsula issue remains complicated and intractable; Afghanistan faces numerous challenges in its reconstruction; terrorism, natural disasters and other non-traditional security threats persist.
围绕亚洲的前途，出现了两种截然不同的主张和走向。一种是坚持开放的区域主义，维护真正的多边主义。坚持发展优先，致力互利合作，坚持开放包容，推进融合发展，实现和合共生。另一种是重拾冷战思维，再搞封闭式集团，推行价值观划线，将经济问题政治化，将地区安全阵营化，鼓动分裂、制造对抗。
There are two opposite propositions and trends concerning the future of Asia. One advocates open regionalism, true multilateralism, a development-first approach, mutually beneficial cooperation, openness and inclusiveness, integrated development, and pursuit of common development in harmony. The other represents a relapse into the Cold War mentality and exclusive clubs, and attempts to draw lines based on values, politicize economic issues, divide the region into different security blocs, and stoke division and confrontation.
凡益之道，与时偕行。亚洲的正确抉择应该是开放而不是封闭，是团结而不是分裂，是合作而不是对抗，是公道而不是霸道，是共生而不是零和，这不仅关乎地区各国的未来前景，也将从根本上长远影响亚洲乃至世界的前途命运。构建人类命运共同体是共创繁荣美好的亚洲和世界的必由之路。
Good principles keep abreast of the times. The right choice for Asia should be openness, solidarity, cooperation, justice and harmony rather than isolation, division, confrontation, hegemony and zero-sum approach. This not only hinges on the future prospects of countries in the region, but will also have a fundamental and far-reaching bearing on the future of Asia and the world. Building a community with a shared future for mankind is the sure path to a prosperous and better Asia and the world.
二、中国同周边国家关系发展不断取得重大成果
II. Significant Progress Made in China’s Relations with Its Neighbors
过去半个多世纪，亚洲走出积贫积弱、动荡战乱，成功走向和平稳定、发展繁荣，这主要得益于地区国家坚持独立自主、联合自强，坚持相互尊重、包容互鉴，坚持互惠互利、合作共赢。在此过程中，中国同亚洲国家共同倡导和平共处五项原则，弘扬团结、友谊、合作的万隆精神，不断推动睦邻友好和互利合作向前发展。2012年中国共产党第十八次全国代表大会召开以来，中国同周边国家关系加快提质升级，取得丰硕成果。
Over the past half century and more, Asia, once plagued by poverty, weakness, turbulence and wars, has progressed successfully toward peace, stability, development, and prosperity. This is mainly accredited to the commitment of regional countries to independence, unity for strength, mutual respect, inclusiveness, mutual learning, mutual benefit and win-win cooperation. In this process, China and fellow Asian countries have jointly advocated the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, carried forward the Bandung Spirit of solidarity, friendship and cooperation, and kept advancing good-neighborliness and mutually beneficial cooperation. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC in 2012, China’s relations with neighboring countries have been upgraded at a faster pace and produced fruitful results.
政治互信不断增强。截至本文件发布之日，中国已同周边28国①和东盟建立形式多样、内涵丰富的伙伴关系、合作关系或战略互惠关系。中国同巴基斯坦、老挝、柬埔寨、缅甸、印度尼西亚、哈萨克斯坦、塔吉克斯坦、乌兹别克斯坦、泰国、蒙古国、土库曼斯坦、马来西亚、吉尔吉斯斯坦等国达成构建命运共同体共识，同湄公河五国②确定共建澜湄国家命运共同体，同中亚五国③宣布打造中国—中亚命运共同体。中国与12个陆地邻国④通过谈判解决了历史遗留的边界问题，同周边9个国家⑤签署了睦邻友好合作条约。中国签署并批准《中亚无核武器区条约》议定书，尊重蒙古国的无核武器地位，率先加入《东南亚友好合作条约》，对随时签署《东南亚无核武器区条约》议定书作好了充分准备。
Political mutual trust has been growing. As of the date of this document’s release, China has established diverse and substantive partnerships, cooperative relations and strategic relations of mutual benefit with 28 neighboring countries①and ASEAN. China has reached common understandings with Pakistan, Laos, Cambodia, Myanmar, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Thailand, Mongolia, Turkmenistan, Malaysia and Kyrgyzstan on building a community with a shared future, and has agreed with the five Mekong countries②to build a community with a shared future among Lancang-Mekong countries, and announced with the five Central Asian countries③the decision to build a China-Central Asia community with a shared future. China has resolved historical boundary issues with 12 neighbors on land④through negotiations and signed the treaties of good-neighborliness and friendly cooperation with nine neighboring countries⑤.China has signed and ratified the Protocol to the Treaty on a Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone in Central Asia, respects Mongolia’s nuclear-weapon-free status, became the first to join the Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia and is fully prepared to sign the Protocol to the Southeast Asia Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone Treaty at any time.
互利共赢合作深化。中国是周边18国⑥的最大贸易伙伴，2022年中国与周边国家进出口商品总额突破2.17万亿美元，较2012年增长78%。中国同东盟双向投资额累计超过3800亿美元。中国率先批准《区域全面经济伙伴关系协定》并推动协定生效实施，为促进区域经济一体化赋能增效。
Mutual benefits keep deepening. China is the largest trading partner of 18 neighboring countries⑥. In 2022, China’s trade in goods with neighboring countries exceeded USD 2.17 trillion, up by 78 percent from 2012. The two-way investment between China and ASEAN has exceeded USD 380 billion in cumulative terms. China took the lead in ratifying the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) and worked for its entry into force and implementation, enabling and enhancing regional economic integration.
“一带一路”惠利周边。中国秉持共商共建共享原则，坚持开放、绿色、廉洁理念，努力实现高标准、可持续、惠民生目标，同周边24国⑦签署共建“一带一路”合作文件，同东盟、欧亚经济联盟等合作规划对接。倡导建立亚洲基础设施投资银行，设立丝路基金，为基础设施项目建设提供资金支持。在各方共同努力下，“六廊六路多国多港”的互联互通架构基本形成，“一带一路”合作硕果累累，有力促进当地经济发展、民生改善，为地区经济复苏注入强劲动力。
The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has delivered benefits to the neighborhood. China upholds the principle of planning together, building together and benefiting together, stays committed to the philosophy of open, green and clean cooperation, strives to achieve high-standard, sustainable and people-centered cooperation. China has signed Belt and Road cooperation documents with 24 neighboring countries⑦, and worked to synergize the BRI with cooperation plans of ASEAN and the Eurasian Economic Union. China has initiated the establishment of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank and the Silk Road Fund to provide financial support for infrastructure projects. Thanks to the joint efforts of all parties, a general connectivity framework consisting of six corridors, six connectivity routes and multiple countries and ports has been put in place. The fruitful Belt and Road cooperation has spurred economic growth and improved people’s lives in relevant countries and has injected strong impetus into economic recovery in the region.
区域合作走深走实。中国与周边国家共同创立的上海合作组织已发展成为世界上幅员最广、人口最多的综合性区域合作组织。中国与中亚五国建立中国—中亚机制，成为推进六国深度合作的重要平台。澜湄合作是次区域互利合作的成功实践，澜湄流域经济发展带正在形成。中国坚持开放包容的精神，积极参与以东盟为中心的东亚合作机制、中日韩合作、亚太经合组织等多边合作，促进了地区融合发展和人民福祉。
Regional cooperation has grown in depth and substance. The Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), co-founded by China and neighboring countries, has become a comprehensive regional organization with the largest geographical coverage and population. The China-Central Asia mechanism established by China and the five Central Asian countries has emerged as an important platform for in-depth cooperation between the six countries. Lancang-Mekong Cooperation is a success story of mutually beneficial cooperation in the sub-region, and the Lancang-Mekong Cooperation Economic Development Belt is taking shape. In a spirit of openness and inclusiveness, China actively participates in multilateral cooperation, including the ASEAN-centered East Asia cooperation mechanism, China-Japan-ROK cooperation, and Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), contributing to the region’s integrated development and people’s well-being.
有效管控热点问题。中国为推动政治解决地区热点问题积极贡献中国智慧，提出并践行中国特色热点问题解决之道。在朝鲜半岛问题上，着眼维护半岛和平稳定并实现长治久安，创造性提出“双暂停”倡议和“双轨并进”思路，坚持政治解决方向，积极劝和促谈。在阿富汗问题上，搭建阿富汗邻国协调合作机制，重启中阿巴三方外长对话，提出帮助阿富汗重建发展的《屯溪倡议》，汇聚各方合力。在缅甸问题上，促推各方弥合分歧，恢复国家社会稳定，尽快启动政治对话。
Hotspot issues have been effectively managed and controlled. China has contributed solutions to political settlement of regional hotspot issues, and proposed and put into action the Chinese approach to addressing hotspot issues. On the Korean Peninsula issue, for the sake of peace, stability, and lasting security on the Peninsula, China has put forward the innovative “suspension-for-suspension” proposal and the dual-track approach, stayed committed to political settlement and actively facilitated peace talks. On Afghanistan, China has established a mechanism for coordination and cooperation among Afghanistan’s neighbors, relaunched the China-Afghanistan-Pakistan Foreign Ministers’ Dialogue, and issued the Tunxi Initiative on helping Afghanistan with reconstruction and development, building synergy among various parties. On Myanmar, China has encouraged the parties to bridge differences, restore social stability in the country, and launch political dialogue as quickly as possible.
有力应对风险挑战。中国与周边国家同舟共济，携手应对恐怖主义、分裂主义、地区金融危机等挑战。新冠疫情发生以来，中国与周边国家同心抗疫，共克时艰，生动诠释了命运共同体精神，为全球团结抗疫发挥引领作用。
Risks and challenges have been addressed effectively. China and neighboring countries have worked together in tackling such challenges as terrorism, separatism and financial crisis in the region. Since COVID-19 broke out, China and neighboring countries have come together to overcome difficulties, which reflects the spirit of a community with a shared future and provided leadership for global solidarity against the pandemic.
亚洲取得今天的进步和成就是中国和周边国家共同努力的结果，值得倍加珍惜。中国的发展离不开和平稳定的周边环境，中国同周边的发展相互促进、相得益彰。中国的发展将给亚洲各国带来重大机遇和长期利好，将为亚洲的和平与发展作出更大贡献。
The remarkable progress made in Asia is attributable to the joint efforts of China and neighboring countries, and need to be cherished. China’s development would not be possible without a peaceful and stable neighboring environment. The development of China and that of neighboring countries complement and reinforce each other. China’s development will bring major opportunities and long-term benefits to countries across Asia, and will make even greater contributions to peace and development in the region.
