一、新发展理念全面贯彻
I. Full Implementation of the New Development Philosophy文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/14974.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/14974.html
人民对美好生活的向往，就是中国共产党矢志不渝的奋斗目标。西藏认真践行以人民为中心的发展思想，全面贯彻创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享的新发展理念，聚焦发展不平衡不充分的问题，优化产业结构布局，培育内生动力，彻底摆脱了束缚千百年的绝对贫困问题，“十三五”发展目标如期完成，经济总量不断迈上新台阶。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/14974.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/14974.html
The main driver of the CPC’s endeavors is the people’s aspirations for a better life. Xizang has followed the people-centered approach to development and applied the new development philosophy of innovative, coordinated, green, open and shared development in full. It is addressing imbalanced and insufficient development, optimizing the industrial structure, and boosting growth. Xizang had long been plagued by poverty, but absolute poverty has now been eradicated. The region has now achieved all objectives for development set in the 13th Five-year Plan (2016-2020) as scheduled, and the economy is robust.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/14974.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/14974.html
——经济持续健康快速发展文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/14974.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/14974.html
– Sustainable, sound and rapid economic development文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/14974.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/14974.html
经济发展态势良好。西藏紧紧围绕使市场在资源配置中起决定性作用和更好发挥政府作用，深化经济体制改革，统筹做好稳增长、促改革、调结构、惠民生、防风险、保稳定各项工作，经济活跃度不断提升。2022年全区地区生产总值达到2132.64亿元，按不变价计算，比2012年增长1.28倍，年均增长8.6%，经济增速位居全国前列。产业结构日趋合理，自我发展能力显著增强。
The economy has witnessed solid and steady growth. Seeing that the market plays the decisive role in the allocation of resources and the government better fulfills its functions, Xizang has extended the reform of the economic system, and coordinated the tasks of sustaining growth, promoting reform, making structural changes, improving people’s lives, preventing risks, and ensuring social stability. As a result, the economy is growing more dynamic. In 2022 Xizang’s GDP reached RMB213.26 billion, an increase by a factor of 2.28 compared with that in 2012 at constant prices, representing an average annual growth rate of 8.6 percent. Its economic growth rate ranked among the highest in China. The industrial structure is being rationalized and the capacity for endogenous development has been significantly increased.
特色农业优质发展。重点发展青稞产业、优质畜牧业、设施农业，告别靠天吃饭、靠天养畜的老路。一大批优质青稞粮油生产、无公害蔬菜种植、标准化奶牛规模养殖、牦牛藏羊养殖等农牧业特色产业基地建成。2022年，农畜产品加工业总产值达到60亿元。
High-quality development has been realized in agricultural industries that leverage local strengths. Developing highland barley industry, high-quality animal husbandry, and protected agriculture have been treated as priorities. The days are gone when the Tibetan people lived at the mercy of the elements. A large number of industrial bases have been built for agriculture and animal husbandry adapted to local conditions, such as the cultivation of high-quality highland barley, the production of edible oil, pollution-free vegetable planting, standardized dairy cattle scale farming, and yak and Tibetan sheep farming. In 2022, the total output value of farm and livestock products processing reached RMB6 billion.
工业发展富有成效。第二产业发展势头强劲，建立起富有当地特色的现代工业体系。2012年至2022年，工业增加值增长1.77倍，产业链深度和广度不断延伸。2022年，规模以上工业企业数量比上年增长1.1%，高新技术企业达15家。
Progress has been made in industrial development. Secondary industry has achieved strong growth, and a modern industrial system with local characteristics has been established. From 2012 to 2022, the added value of industry increased by a factor of 2.77, and both the depth and breadth of industrial chains were extended. In 2022 the number of industrial enterprises of designated size (enterprises with a turnover exceeding RMB20 million per annum) expanded by 1.1 percent over the previous year, and the number of hi-tech firms reached 15.
第三产业活力增强。在中央支持下着力推动重要世界旅游目的地建设，拉萨雪顿节、日喀则珠峰文化旅游节、山南雅砻文化旅游节、林芝桃花节、那曲羌塘恰青赛马艺术节等成为重要的旅游品牌。2012年至2022年，接待旅游人数从1058.39万人次增加到3002.76万人次，旅游收入从126.48亿元增加到407.07亿元，增长2.2倍。山南市乃东区昌珠镇扎西曲登社区将雪巴藏戏与民宿旅游结合起来，走出致富新路。藏戏传承人尼玛次仁说：“旧社会，我们跳藏戏是为了让农奴主高兴，而今天表演，是为了让我们自己和更多人过上美好日子。”
There is greater vitality in the tertiary industry. With the support of the central government, Xizang is being transformed into a world-class tourist destination. The Tibetan Shoton Festival in Lhasa, Mount Qomolangma Cultural Tourism Festival in Xigaze, Yalong Cultural Tourism Festival in Shannan, Nyingchi Peach Blossom Festival, and Nagqu Horse Racing Festival have all become flagship tourist attractions. From 2012 to 2022, the number of tourists to Xizang climbed from 10.58 million to 30.03 million, with revenues from tourism surging by a factor of 3.2 from RMB12.65 billion to RMB40.71 billion. Zhaxi Qoiden community of Changzhu Township in the city of Shannan is a base for promoting Yalong Zhaxi Xoiba Tibetan Opera, an item on the national intangible cultural heritage list. As more tourists go to the community to appreciate the opera, locals have begun to operate household hotels, which have become a major source of income. Nima Tsering, a leading performer of Tibetan Opera, said: “In the old days, we performed Tibetan Opera to please the serf owners. Today, we do it to help ourselves and others live a better life.”
改革创新纵深推进。深化农村土地制度改革，重点健全承包土地合同管理、经营权流转管理、权属登记管理等制度。2014年，曲水县白堆村农牧民群众领取到不动产权证书（土地承包经营权），这是西藏历史上首次为农户农村土地颁证。实施新型农业经营主体培育工程，家庭农场、农牧民专业合作社等逐步发挥其在农村改革中的示范引领作用。持续推进国企国资改革，做强做优做大国有资本，2022年，全区国有企业资产总额较2012年增长13.05倍。优化税收营商环境，推进“证照分离”改革，深化“减证便民”，压缩企业开办时间。西藏各类市场主体从2012年的12.44万户发展到2022年的43.76万户。创新驱动发展，数字经济增加值增长10%以上。
Further progress has been made in reform and innovation. To expand reform of the rural land system, a significant effort has been invested in improving the management systems of land contracts, the transfer of rural land use rights, and ownership registration. In 2014, farmers and herders in Baidui Village of Quxu County received their immovable property rights certificates, which means they have the right to use contracted land. This was the first time in the history of Xizang that land certificates had been issued to villagers. A project developing new types of agricultural business entity is under way, and the leading role of family farms and professional cooperatives has been given full play in rural reform.
Reform of state-owned enterprises and state capital has been extended and efforts have been made to strengthen, expand, and increase the returns on state capital. By 2022 the total assets of state-owned enterprises in Xizang had increased by a factor of 14.05 compared with 2012. The tax and business environment has been optimized. Reform of the system separating operating permits from business licenses has been advanced to simplify procedures and to reduce time for business registration. The number of different market entities in Xizang has grown from 124,400 in 2012 to 437,600 in 2022. Innovation drives development. The added value of Xizang’s digital economy has increased by more than 10 percent.
投资金融进一步惠及民生。2012年至2022年，中央财政补贴累计达1.73万亿元。在国家财政支持下，全社会固定资产投资从2012年到2022年增长2.33倍。投资重点放在增强西藏经济发展基础和自我发展能力的基础设施、公共服务等领域，在不同时期相继安排一大批关系西藏长远发展和人民生活的重大工程项目，极大改善了人民生产生活条件。招商引资累计到位资金4650亿元，民间投资活力增强。金融机构组织体系持续改善，逐步形成银行、证券、保险等多层次、多元化、多功能的金融组织体系，金融支持经济社会发展作用明显增强。
Investment and financial services have brought more benefits to the people. From 2012 to 2022, a total of RMB1.73 trillion in financial subsidies from the central government went to Xizang. With the financial support of the state, investment in fixed assets increased by a factor of 3.33 times between 2012 and 2022. The investment focused on infrastructure, public services and other fields that could reinforce the foundations of Xizang’s economic and endogenous development. A large number of major engineering projects related to long-term development have been set up over time, greatly improving the people’s working and living conditions. A total of RMB465 billion has been invested. Private investments are thriving. The system of financial institutions continues to improve, and a multi-level, diverse, and multi-functional financial system has taken shape for banking, securities, insurance, and other relevant activities. The role of finance in supporting economic and social development has expanded significantly.
区域交流合作持续深化。加强与周边地区交流合作，积极融入成渝地区双城经济圈、大香格里拉经济圈、陕甘宁青经济圈、长江经济带等周边经济圈，努力打造面向南亚开放的重要通道。启动通关一体化改革，南亚标准化（拉萨）研究中心挂牌成立。吉隆边境经济合作区获国务院批准设立，拉萨综合保税区通过国家验收。吉隆口岸扩大开放为国际性公路口岸，实现中尼双边开放。2022年，西藏外贸进出口总值46.01亿元，贸易伙伴遍及95个国家和地区。中国西藏发展论坛、西藏智库国际论坛、中国西藏旅游文化国际博览会、跨喜马拉雅国际自行车极限赛等，已成为推动西藏与世界各地交流互鉴、合作发展的重要平台。
Exchange and cooperation with other parts of the country and the world has been strengthened. Exchange and cooperation with neighboring regions has been strengthened. Xizang has actively integrated itself into regional economic circles, including the Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle, the greater Shangri-La Economic Circle, the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia-Qinghai Economic Circle, and the Yangtze River Economic Belt. It has worked to transform itself into a vital channel for the country’s increasing opening up towards South Asia. Integrated reform of customs clearance has been launched, and the South Asia Standardization (Lhasa) Research Center has been established. The Gyirong cross-border economic cooperation zone was set up with the approval of the State Council. The comprehensive bonded zone in Lhasa has passed acceptance review. Gyirong Port has been expanded as an international highway port, realizing the bilateral opening up of China and Nepal. In 2022, the total value of Xizang’s foreign trade stood at RMB4.6 billion, and its trading partners covered 95 countries and regions. Events such as the Forum on the Development of Xizang, International Symposium of the Xizang Think Tank, China Xizang Tourism and Culture Expo, and the Trans-Himalaya International Extreme Cycling Race have become important platforms for promoting exchanges, mutual learning and cooperation between Xizang and the rest of the world.
援藏工作成效显著。坚持不懈执行对口援藏政策，从1994年至2022年，先后有10批共11900名援藏干部人才奋战在高原各地。不断加强同各对口援藏省市的协调，探索与援藏省市和中央企业协同发展、产业合作以及援藏工作管理新模式，统筹融合经济援藏、产业援藏、科技援藏、就业援藏、扶贫援藏等，以及医疗、教育人才“组团式”援藏，实现从给资金、建项目的“输血式”帮扶，逐步向产业培育、技术支持、人才培养等的“造血式”帮扶转变。仅“十三五”期间，17个省市规划安排援藏项目就达1260个，完成总投资200亿元。
Nationwide support for Xizang development has delivered remarkable results. Paired-up assistance from other parts of the country has made consistent progress. Between 1994 and 2022, a total of 11,900 officials and professionals were dispatched in ten groupings to assist Xizang. Coordination among provinces, cities and state-owned enterprises that assist Xizang has been intensified, and new models have been piloted in coordinated development, industrial cooperation, and management of paired-up assistance. Efforts have been made to coordinate assistance in the forms of financial aid, technical support, poverty alleviation, and facilitation of industrial development and employment, as well as sending teams of medical and educational professionals. The model of assistance has changed from one mainly relying on external support, such as providing funds and launching projects, to a self-sustaining model including developing industries, offering technical support, and nurturing talent. During the 13th Five-year Plan period (2016-2020), 17 provinces and municipalities launched 1,260 projects to assist Xizang, representing a total investment of RMB20 billion.
——基础设施建设全面加强
– Improved infrastructure
交通设施建设超常规发展。以公路为基础，铁路、航空、管道运输协调发展的综合交通运输体系日益完善。2022年初，公路通车总里程突破12.14万公里，其中，高等级公路通车里程达到1105公里，形成了以20条国道为主骨架，以36条省道、边防公路、农村公路为基础，基本辐射全区的公路网络。铁路营业里程从2012年的701公里增加到2022年的1359公里，青藏铁路格拉段完成扩能改造，川藏铁路雅安至林芝段全线开工、拉萨至林芝段通车运行，“复兴号”开进西藏、开到拉萨。2022年，管道运输量0.31亿吨公里。西藏航空顺利开航运营。国际国内航线达到154条，通航城市70个，民航西藏区局2022年旅客吞吐量达到334.6万人次。
There has been considerable progress in transport infrastructure. Based on highways and supplemented by railways, aviation, and pipelines, a comprehensive transport system has been developed and steadily improved. By early 2022, the total road length exceeded 121,400 km, including 1,105 km of high-grade highway. A road network covering the whole of Xizang has been formed, with 20 national highways as the foundation, supported by 36 provincial highways together with many border roads and rural roads. The railway network was extended from 701 km in 2012 to 1,359 km in 2022. The Golmud-Lhasa section of the Qinghai-Xizang Railway has been renovated. The Ya’an-Nyingchi section of the Sichuan-Xizang Railway is under construction, and the Lhasa-Nyingchi section has entered service. The Fuxing high-speed train series is now operating in Xizang and reaches as far as Lhasa. The pipeline network transported 31 million tonnes-km in 2022. Tibet Airlines has been successfully launched, with 154 international and domestic routes connecting 70 cities. In 2022, passenger throughput handled by the Xizang Autonomous Regional Administration of CAAC reached 3.35 million.
电网工程建设取得重大突破。西藏电力实现从紧缺限电到富余输出的历史性转变。先后建成青藏、川藏、藏中、阿里4条“电力天路”和“三区三州”电网建设等重点项目，在世界屋脊织起一张安全可靠的“光明网”“民生网”和“幸福网”，形成覆盖所有县区和主要乡镇的西藏统一电网，累计外送清洁电量130亿千瓦时以上。通动力电的行政村比重达到96.5%，用电量从2012年的28.84亿千瓦时增长到2022年的119.8亿千瓦时，增幅连续多年保持全国前列。阿里与藏中电网联网工程全线贯通，区内电网联为一体，结束了阿里电网长期孤网运行的历史。
Major breakthroughs have been made in the construction of the power grid. Xizang has made a historic shift in electrical power from rationing to surplus output. The Qinghai-Xizang, Sichuan-Xizang, central Xizang, and Ngari electric transmission lines have been built. Major electricity grid projects in western and southwestern regions have provided Xizang with ample supply of power. A safe and reliable power grid covers all counties/districts and main towns/townships in Xizang. The grid, described by the local people as a “grid of light, livelihood and happiness”, has transmitted more than 13 billion kWh of clean energy-generated electricity. Now, 96.5 percent of villages have access to three-phase power supply. Electricity consumption increased from 2.88 billion kWh in 2012 to 11.98 billion kWh in 2022, recording one of the fastest rates of growth in China for many years. The Ngari power grid, operating in isolation for a long time, has now been connected with the central Xizang power network, and thus becomes part of the integrated regional network.
水利设施建设取得崭新进展。“十三五”期间全口径投资较“十二五”期间增长52%，建成一批标志性重大水利项目。拉洛工程入选全国有影响力十大水利工程，旁多、拉洛水利枢纽并网发电、灌区通水，湘河水利枢纽及配套灌区工程开工建设。水利惠及更多民生，防洪减灾成效明显，河湖生态持续改善，农村饮水安全问题得到有效解决，城乡供水保障能力显著提升。
Further progress has been made in water conservation facilities. During the 13th Five-year Plan period (2016-2020), total investment increased by 52 percent compared with the previous period, and several landmark water conservancy projects were completed. The Lalho project was selected as one of the top 10 water conservancy projects in China. The Pondo and Lalho water conservation projects are generating electricity and providing irrigation. The Xianghe River water conservation project and the supporting irrigation facilities are under construction. More local people are benefiting from water conservation. Flood control and disaster reduction efforts have become more effective and the eco-environment of Xizang’s rivers and lakes has steadily improved. Safe drinking water is now available in most rural areas. The capacity to provide secure water supplies in urban and rural areas has been significantly increased.
数字基础设施建设取得长足发展。自治区电子政务网、自治区统一基础云平台、自治区大数据控制中心基本建成，积极融入“东数西算”布局，西藏首个云计算中心建成，并获评国家绿色数据中心。累计建成5G基站8099座、光缆线路近31.26万公里。5G网络实现县区及重点乡镇覆盖，移动信号覆盖3A级以上景区，光纤宽带、4G信号、广播电视信号基本实现行政村全覆盖。现代通信“云网融合”，实现寻常百姓与世界联通。
Digital infrastructure has made remarkable progress. The autonomous region’s e-government websites, unified basic cloud platform and big data control center are largely complete. Xizang has actively participated in the national move to channel more computing resources from its eastern areas to its less developed western regions. It has built its first cloud computing center, and received the title of national green data center. A total of 8,099 5G base stations and nearly 312,600 km of fiber-optic cables have been built. 5G networks now cover all counties/districts and main towns/townships in Xizang. All 3A-level (and above) scenic spots now have mobile signal coverage. Optical fiber broadband, 4G, radio and TV signals cover almost all administrative villages. Modern cloud and network integration has enabled local people to connect with the world online.
——绝对贫困得到历史性消除
– Eradication of absolute poverty
脱贫攻坚全面胜利。西藏始终坚持精准扶贫、精准脱贫基本方略。落实“五个一批”脱贫措施，2019年底，累计实现62.8万建档立卡贫困人口脱贫，74个贫困县（区）全部摘帽，彻底摆脱了束缚西藏千百年的绝对贫困问题。2022年脱贫人口人均收入达到1.38万元，年均增长率高于农村居民人均可支配收入增长水平。脱贫群众享有稳定的吃、穿、住、学、医等保障，享有更加和谐的安居乐业环境、更加均衡的基础设施条件和基本公共服务、更加完善的社会保障体系。
Xizang has eradicated absolute poverty. It has implemented five key measures – new economic activities, relocation from uninhabitable areas, recompense for eco-protection, education, and social assistance for basic needs – through which people have been lifted out of poverty. By the end of 2019, through the basic strategy of targeted poverty alleviation, the autonomous region had lifted 628,000 registered poor residents and 74 counties/districts out of poverty. This represented victory in the battle against extreme poverty that had plagued Xizang for thousands of years. The per-capita income of those lifted out of poverty reached RMB13,800 in 2022, growing faster than the per-capita disposal income of rural residents. Those people lifted out of poverty have reliable access to food, clothing, housing, education and medical care, more harmonious living and working conditions, more convenient infrastructure and basic public services, and a proper social security system.
乡村振兴加快实施。2021年以来，累计实施建设美丽宜居村300个，创建认定美丽宜居示范村505个；建设高标准农田，实施农机深松整地作业，建设国家级畜禽养殖标准化示范创建场，农牧综合服务中心覆盖所有乡镇；新型农村集体经济组织达6172个，带动农业生产组织化和规模化水平提升；着力发展高原特色产业和绿色有机产业，创建优势特色产业集群4个、国家现代农业产业园7个、农业产业强镇18个；脱贫攻坚成果巩固拓展，脱贫人口外出务工稳定在20万人以上，建设非遗工坊173个，带动脱贫群众实现居家就业、就近就业，谱写了新时代乡村全面振兴的西藏篇章。
Rural revitalization has accelerated. Since 2021, Xizang has built a total of 300 beautiful and livable villages and created and certified 505 demonstration villages. Efforts have been made to develop high-standard farmland through mechanical deep tillage, build state-level demonstration farms for standardized livestock and poultry husbandry, and provide all townships with comprehensive service centers for agriculture and animal husbandry. The number of new rural collective economic organizations reached 6,172, resulting in higher-level and larger-scale agricultural production. The region has developed local highland industries and green and organic farming. Xizang now hosts four special industrial clusters, seven modern agricultural industrial parks, and eighteen towns with strong farming industries. The region has consolidated and expanded the outcomes of the fight against poverty. More than 200,000 former victims of extreme poverty have found jobs outside their hometowns. A total of 173 intangible cultural heritage workshops have been built, offering opportunities for people who have been lifted out of poverty to work at or close to their homes. Xizang is turning a new page in all-around rural revitalization.
——共同富裕程度显著提升
– Promotion of common prosperity
收入水平高速增长。2022年，城镇居民人均可支配收入由2012年的18363元提高到48753元，增长1.7倍；农村居民人均可支配收入由2012年的5698元提高到18209元，增长2.2倍；城乡居民收入比由2012年的3.22降低至2.67，收入差距持续缩小；全体居民人均可支配收入由2012年的8568元提高到26675元。自2015年起，全体居民人均可支配收入增速连续8年居全国首位。
Xizang has seen a rapid rise in incomes. By 2022, the per-capita disposable income of urban residents has risen to RMB48,753 from RMB18,363 in 2012, representing a 2.7-fold increase. The per-capita disposable income of rural residents more than tripled from RMB5,698 in 2012 to RMB18,209 in 2022. The income ratio between urban and rural residents dropped from 3.22 in 2012 to 2.67 in 2022, narrowing the income gap. The per-capita disposable income of the region’s residents as a whole rose to RMB26,675 in 2022 from RMB8,568 in 2012, representing the country’s highest growth rate for eight consecutive years since 2015.
消费市场更加繁荣。2022年，社会消费品零售总额726.52亿元，比2012年的318.39亿元增长1.3倍。2022年，货运周转量达130.88亿吨公里，推动产地和消费地之间的有效衔接；全区邮政行业业务收入（不包括邮政储蓄银行直接营业收入）完成7.44亿元，邮政行业寄递业务量完成17882.59万件，其中，快递业务量完成1219.31万件。19家大型全国性电商和物流快递企业陆续落户，冷链仓储面积达11.3万平方米。市县乡村四级电商服务全面推开，2022年，网上零售额达91.4亿元。
The consumer market has been more buoyant. The retail sales of consumer goods increased by a factor of 2.3 from RMB31.84 billion in 2012 to RMB72.65 billion in 2022. In 2022, total freight turnover reached 13.09 billion tonnes-km, effectively expanding links between centers of production and centers of consumption. The revenue of Xizang’s postal services (excluding direct revenue of postal savings banks) reached RMB744 million, and 178.83 million courier delivery packages had been handled in 2022, including 12.19 million express delivery packages. Nineteen large national e-commerce and express delivery businesses have settled in Xizang, and cold chain storage space stands at 113,000 square meters. E-commerce services are available at city, county, township and village levels. In 2022, online retail sales reached RMB9.14 billion.
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