中国式现代化是强国建设、民族复兴的康庄大道*文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/15207.html
Chinese Modernization Is a Sure Path to Building a Great Country and Rejuvenating the Nation文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/15207.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/15207.html
习近平文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/15207.html
Xi Jinping文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/15207.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/15207.html
一个国家选择什么样的现代化道路，是由其历史传统、社会制度、发展条件、外部环境等诸多因素决定的。国情不同，现代化途径也会不同。实践证明，一个国家走向现代化，既要遵循现代化一般规律，更要符合本国实际，具有本国特色。中国式现代化既有各国现代化的共同特征，更有基于自己国情的鲜明特色。党的二十大报告明确概括了中国式现代化5个方面的中国特色，深刻揭示了中国式现代化的科学内涵。这既是理论概括，也是实践要求，为全面建成社会主义现代化强国、实现中华民族伟大复兴指明了一条康庄大道。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/15207.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/15207.html
The path to modernization a country chooses is determined by its historical traditions, social systems, developmental conditions, and external environment, among other factors. As countries differ in their conditions, they may take different paths to modernization. As we have seen, to achieve modernization, a country needs not only to follow the general laws governing this pursuit; more importantly, it needs to keep in mind its own realities and distinctive features. Chinese modernization has features that are common to the modernization processes of all countries as well as features that are unique to the Chinese context. The Report to the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) articulated the five distinctive features of Chinese modernization, profoundly capturing the essence of the concept. Both a theoretical summary and a guide to action, this offers a sure path for China to build itself into a great modern socialist country and achieve the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/15207.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/15207.html
康庄大道并不等于一马平川。要把中国式现代化5个方面的中国特色变为成功实践，把鲜明特色变成独特优势，需要付出艰巨努力。
A sure path does not mean that there will be no challenges along the way to modernization. To fully leverage the following five distinctive features of Chinese modernization and turn them into unique strengths calls for arduous efforts.
第一，人口规模巨大的现代化。这是中国式现代化的显著特征。人口规模不同，现代化的任务就不同，其艰巨性、复杂性就不同，发展途径和推进方式也必然具有自己的特点。现在，全球进入现代化的国家也就20多个，总人口10亿左右。中国14亿多人口整体迈入现代化，规模超过现有发达国家人口的总和，将极大地改变现代化的世界版图。这是人类历史上规模最大的现代化，也是难度最大的现代化。
First, the modernization of a huge population
This is a salient feature of Chinese modernization. As countries differ in population size, they face different tasks which vary in magnitude and complexity, and their paths of development and ways of advancement are necessarily different. Today, only more than 20 countries around the world, with a combined population of around one billion, have achieved modernization. China is working to achieve modernization for more than 1.4 billion people, more than the combined population of the world’s developed countries. This will largely reshape the landscape of global modernization. Chinese modernization is unprecedented in human history in terms of both scale and difficulty.
超大规模的人口，既能提供充足的人力资源和超大规模市场，也带来一系列难题和挑战。光是解决14亿多人的吃饭问题，就是一个不小的挑战。还有就业、分配、教育、医疗、住房、养老、托幼等问题，哪一项解决起来都不容易，哪一项涉及的人群都是天文数字。我们想问题、作决策、办事情，首先要考虑人口基数问题，考虑我国城乡区域发展水平差异大等实际，既不能好高骛远，也不能因循守旧，要保持历史耐心，坚持稳中求进、循序渐进、持续推进。
A huge population provides ample human resources and a vast market, but it also poses many problems and challenges. Ensuring that our more than 1.4 billion people are fed is a tough challenge to begin with, and there are other issues to be resolved, such as employment, income distribution, education, health care, housing, eldercare, and childcare. None of these issues can be easily solved and each of them involves an enormous number of people. When we are considering problems, making decisions, and taking actions, we need to keep in mind our population size as well as the gaps in development between urban and rural areas and between different regions. We should neither pursue grandiose goals nor stick to old ways. We need to be patient in advancing our course and take steady and incremental steps to sustain progress.
第二，全体人民共同富裕的现代化。这是中国式现代化的本质特征，也是区别于西方现代化的显著标志。西方现代化的最大弊端，就是以资本为中心而不是以人民为中心，追求资本利益最大化而不是服务绝大多数人的利益，导致贫富差距大、两极分化严重。一些发展中国家在现代化过程中曾接近发达国家的门槛，却掉进了“中等收入陷阱”，长期陷于停滞状态，甚至严重倒退，一个重要原因就是没有解决好两极分化、阶层固化等问题。
Second, the modernization of common prosperity
This is a defining feature of Chinese modernization, and what distinguishes it from Western modernization. The biggest problems with Western modernization are that it is capital-centered rather than people-centered and that it seeks to maximize capital gains rather than serve the interests of the vast majority of the people. This has created a huge gap between the rich and the poor and led to severe polarization. In their efforts to achieve modernization, some developing countries once approached the developed country threshold only to fall into the “middle-income trap” and become mired in prolonged stagnation, or even experience severe regression. A major cause for this is that these countries failed to solve the problems of polarization and solidification of social strata.
中国式现代化坚持发展为了人民、发展依靠人民、发展成果由人民共享，在推动全体人民共同富裕上取得重要进展，特别是党的十八大以来打赢脱贫攻坚战，使近1亿农村贫困人口脱贫。现在，我们已经形成促进全体人民共同富裕的一整套思想理念、制度安排、政策举措。要在推动高质量发展、做好做大“蛋糕”的同时，进一步分好“蛋糕”，着力解决好就业、分配、教育、医疗、住房、养老、托幼等民生问题，构建三次分配协调配套的制度体系，规范收入分配秩序，规范财富积累机制，依法引导和规范资本健康发展，逐步扩大中等收入群体、缩小收入分配差距，让现代化建设成果更多更公平惠及全体人民，坚决防止两极分化。实现共同富裕是一个长期任务，必须久久为功，咬定青山不放松，不断取得新进展。
Chinese modernization aims to ensure that development is for the people and by the people and that its fruits are shared by the people. China has made important progress in promoting prosperity for all. Since the 18th CPC National Congress in 2012, we have won the critical battle against poverty and lifted close to 100 million rural people out of poverty. We have now developed a complete set of guidelines, principles, institutions, policies, and measures to deliver prosperity for all.
As we work to pursue high-quality development and strive to make the economic “pie” bigger, we need to make it better and share it more fairly, solving problems that affect people’s wellbeing in areas such as employment, income distribution, education, health care, housing, eldercare, and childcare. We need to create a complete system of institutions in which primary, secondary, and tertiary distribution is conducted in a mutually complementary way. We need to take more effective measures to regulate income distribution and wealth accumulation and conduct law-based regulation and guidance to promote the healthy development of capital. With these efforts, we can expand the middle-income group over time, narrow income disparities, and see that the benefits of modernization are shared equitably among all our people so that no polarization will occur. Achieving prosperity for all is a long-term mission, so we must make persistent efforts to deliver continued progress, and we must not stop until we reach our goal.
第三，物质文明和精神文明相协调的现代化。既要物质富足、也要精神富有，是中国式现代化的崇高追求。物质贫困不是社会主义，精神贫乏也不是社会主义。西方早期的现代化，一边是财富的积累，一边是信仰缺失、物欲横流。今天，西方国家日渐陷入困境，一个重要原因就是无法遏制资本贪婪的本性，无法解决物质主义膨胀、精神贫乏等痼疾。
Third, the modernization of material and cultural-ethical advancement
Both material abundance and cultural-ethical enrichment are lofty features of Chinese modernization. Material poverty is not socialism, nor is cultural impoverishment. Western countries’ early pursuit of modernization only led to the accumulation of wealth, crises of faith, and insatiable material desires. An important cause of Western countries’ predicaments today is their failure to check greed, which is the nature of capital, and to resolve their deep-seated problems of rampant materialism and spiritual impoverishment.
中国式现代化既要物质财富极大丰富，也要精神财富极大丰富、在思想文化上自信自强。要坚持两手抓、两手硬，促进物质文明和精神文明相互协调、相互促进，让全体人民始终拥有团结奋斗的思想基础、开拓进取的主动精神、健康向上的价值追求。要顺应人民日益增长的精神文化需求，建设具有强大凝聚力和引领力的社会主义意识形态，加强理想信念教育和“四史”宣传教育，培育和弘扬社会主义核心价值观，发展社会主义先进文化，推出更多优秀文艺作品，不断丰富人民精神世界，提高全社会文明程度，促进人的全面发展。
Chinese modernization, in addition to creating abundant material wealth, also strives for cultural-ethical enrichment to boost our people’s confidence in Chinese values and culture. We must attach equal importance to material progress and cultural-ethical progress and ensure that the two reinforce each other and advance together. This will give our people an intellectual foundation to strive together in unity, initiative to break new ground, and values to pursue a healthier life. In response to the people’s growing cultural needs, we must develop socialist values that have the power to rally and inspire the people; foster ideals and convictions; heighten public understanding of the history of the CPC, the People’s Republic of China, reform and opening up, and the development of socialism; nurture and promote the core socialist values; and develop advanced socialist culture. We should encourage the creation of outstanding literary and artistic works, enrich people’s cultural lives, enhance public civility, and promote well-rounded personal development.
第四，人与自然和谐共生的现代化。尊重自然、顺应自然、保护自然，促进人与自然和谐共生，是中国式现代化的鲜明特点。近代以来，西方国家的现代化大都经历了对自然资源肆意掠夺和生态环境恶性破坏的阶段，在创造巨大物质财富的同时，往往造成环境污染、资源枯竭等严重问题。我国人均能源资源禀赋严重不足，加快发展面临更多的能源资源和环境约束，这决定了我国不可能走西方现代化的老路。
Fourth, the modernization of harmony between humanity and nature
Respecting, adapting to, and protecting nature and promoting harmony between humans and nature are distinctive features of Chinese modernization. Since the advent of modern times, Western modernization has typically involved a stage of wanton plundering of natural resources and destruction of the environment. While creating enormous material wealth, it has often caused serious problems such as environmental pollution and resource depletion. Because of its severe dearth of per capita share of energy and resources, China will face growing energy, resources, and environmental constraints as its development accelerates. This means that China cannot follow the beaten path of Western modernization.
中国式现代化坚持可持续发展，坚持节约优先、保护优先、自然恢复为主的方针，坚定不移走生产发展、生活富裕、生态良好的文明发展道路，为实现中华民族永续发展开辟了广阔前景。要牢固树立和践行绿水青山就是金山银山的理念，坚持山水林田湖草沙一体化保护和系统治理，推进生态优先、节约集约、绿色低碳发展，加快发展方式绿色转型，提升生态系统多样性、稳定性、持续性，积极稳妥推进碳达峰碳中和，以高品质的生态环境支撑高质量发展。
In pursuing modernization, China is committed to sustainable development. Guided by the policy of giving priority to resource conservation, environmental protection, and letting nature restore itself, China consistently pursues sound development featuring improved production, higher living standards, and healthy ecosystems, thus opening up broad prospects for realizing the sustained development of the Chinese nation. We should embrace and act on the principle that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets and take well-coordinated steps to preserve and improve mountains, waters, forests, farmlands, grasslands, and deserts. We should prioritize ecological protection, conserve resources and use them efficiently, and pursue green and low-carbon development. We should accelerate the transition to a green development model, enhance the diversity, stability, and sustainability of our ecosystems, and work both actively and prudently toward the goals of achieving peak carbon emissions and carbon neutrality. We should enable high-quality development with high-quality ecosystems.
第五，走和平发展道路的现代化。坚持和平发展，在坚定维护世界和平与发展中谋求自身发展，又以自身发展更好维护世界和平与发展，推动构建人类命运共同体，是中国式现代化的突出特征。西方国家的现代化，充满战争、贩奴、殖民、掠夺等血腥罪恶，给广大发展中国家带来深重苦难。中华民族经历了西方列强侵略、凌辱的悲惨历史，深知和平的宝贵，决不可能重复西方国家的老路。
Fifth, the modernization of peaceful development
Adhering to the path of peaceful development, pursuing our own development as we safeguard world peace and development, better safeguarding world peace and development through our own development, and promoting the building of a global community of shared future are prominent features of Chinese modernization. Western modernization was fraught with sanguineous crimes such as war, slave trade, colonization, and plunder, which inflicted untold misery on developing countries. Having suffered from aggression, bullying, and humiliation by Western powers, we Chinese are keenly aware of the value of peace and will never follow the beaten path of the West.
中国式现代化坚持独立自主、自力更生，依靠全体人民的辛勤劳动和创新创造发展壮大自己，通过激发内生动力与和平利用外部资源相结合的方式来实现国家发展，不以任何形式压迫其他民族、掠夺他国资源财富，而是为广大发展中国家提供力所能及的支持和帮助。我们要始终高举和平、发展、合作、共赢旗帜，奉行互利共赢的开放战略，不断以中国新发展为世界提供新机遇。积极参与全球治理体系改革和建设，践行真正的多边主义，弘扬全人类共同价值，推动落实全球发展倡议和全球安全倡议，努力为人类和平与发展作出更大贡献。
In advancing Chinese modernization, we should maintain independence and rely on our own efforts. We should strengthen ourselves with the hard work and creativity of all our people and pursue development by boosting internal drivers and making peaceful use of external resources. We should never oppress other nations or loot the wealth and resources of other countries in any form. Rather, we should provide support and assistance to other developing countries to the best of our ability. We will always uphold peace, development, cooperation, and mutual benefit, follow a mutually beneficial strategy of opening up, and continue to create new opportunities for the world through China’s development. We should get actively involved in the reform and development of the global governance system, practice true multilateralism, champion the common values of humanity, pursue the Global Development Initiative and the Global Security Initiative, and endeavor to make greater contributions to world peace and development.
新中国成立特别是改革开放以来，我们用几十年时间走完西方发达国家几百年走过的工业化历程，创造了经济快速发展和社会长期稳定的奇迹，为中华民族伟大复兴开辟了广阔前景。实践证明，中国式现代化走得通、行得稳，是强国建设、民族复兴的唯一正确道路。
Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, and particularly since the launch of reform and opening up in 1978, we have completed in a few decades the process of industrialization that took developed Western countries centuries to complete. We have achieved the miracles of rapid economic growth and enduring social stability, thus opening up bright prospects for the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. This shows that Chinese modernization works and that it is the only correct path to building a great country and rejuvenating the Chinese nation.
*这是习近平总书记2023年2月7日在新进中央委员会的委员、候补委员和省部级主要领导干部学习贯彻习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想和党的二十大精神研讨班上讲话的一部分。
*This was part of a speech made on February 7, 2023 at a seminar on studying and implementing Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era and the guiding principles from the 20th CPC National Congress. The seminar was attended by newly-elected members and alternate members of the CPC Central Committee and principal officials at the provincial and ministerial level.
