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受中央政治局委托，我就《中共中央关于进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化的决定》起草的有关情况向全会作说明。
On behalf of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee, I will now brief you on the drafting of the Resolution of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Further Deepening Reform Comprehensively to Advance Chinese Modernization.
一、关于确定全会议题的考虑
I. Considerations on the Agenda of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC)
围绕党的中心任务谋划和部署改革，是党领导改革开放的成功经验。从实践经验和现实需要出发，中央政治局决定党的二十届三中全会研究进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化问题，主要有以下几方面考虑。
Making reform plans and arrangements with a focus on our central task has constituted a successful experience for our Party in leading reform and opening up. In light of both practical experience and actual needs, the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee decided that the third plenary session of the 20th CPC Central Committee would study the issue of further deepening reform comprehensively to advance Chinese modernization. There is a pressing need for this, given the following considerations:
第一，这是凝聚人心、汇聚力量，实现新时代新征程党的中心任务的迫切需要。实践充分证明，改革开放和社会主义现代化建设新时期，我国大踏步赶上时代，靠的是改革开放。党的十八大以来，党和国家事业取得历史性成就、发生历史性变革，靠的也是改革开放。新时代新征程上，要开创中国式现代化建设新局面，仍然要靠改革开放。党的二十大确立了全面建成社会主义现代化强国、实现第二个百年奋斗目标，以中国式现代化全面推进中华民族伟大复兴的中心任务，阐述了中国式现代化的中国特色、本质要求、重大原则等，对推进中国式现代化作出战略部署。要把这些战略部署落到实处，把中国式现代化蓝图变为现实，根本在于进一步全面深化改革，不断完善各方面体制机制，为推进中国式现代化提供制度保障。
First, we need to rally support and pool strength to complete the Party’s central task on the new journey in the new era.
The evidence conclusively proves that in the new period of reform, opening up, and socialist modernization, it was reform and opening up that enabled China to catch up with the times in great strides. Since the Party’s 18th National Congress, it has also been reform and opening up that has ensured historic achievements and changes in the cause of the Party and the country. Therefore, if we are to break new ground in advancing Chinese modernization on the new journey in the new era, we must continue to rely on reform and opening up.
The Party’s 20th National Congress established that the Party’s central task is to realize the Second Centenary Goal of building China into a great modern socialist country in all respects and to advance the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation on all fronts through Chinese modernization. At the Congress, we elaborated on the distinctive features, essential requirements, and major principles of Chinese modernization and made strategic plans for advancing Chinese modernization. At the fundamental level, to translate these strategic plans into action and turn the vision of Chinese modernization into reality, we must further deepen reform comprehensively and keep working to improve the systems and mechanisms across all sectors, so as to provide institutional support for advancing Chinese modernization.
第二，这是完善和发展中国特色社会主义制度、推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的迫切需要。党的十八大以来，我们突出制度建设这条主线，通过全面深化改革完善各方面制度，推动中国特色社会主义制度更加成熟更加定型，国家治理体系和治理能力现代化水平明显提高，为全面建成小康社会提供了有力制度保障。同时，要清醒看到，完善中国特色社会主义制度是一个动态过程，必然随着实践发展而不断发展，已有制度需要不断健全，新领域新实践需要推进制度创新、填补制度空白。面对新的形势和任务，必须进一步全面深化改革，继续完善各方面制度机制，固根基、扬优势、补短板、强弱项，不断把我国制度优势更好转化为国家治理效能。
Second, we need to improve and develop the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics and modernize China’s system and capacity for governance.
Following the Party’s 18th National Congress, we improved systems in various sectors by comprehensively deepening reforms, with a focus on institution building. As a result, the socialist system with Chinese characteristics was made more mature and better-defined, and China’s system and capacity for governance were further modernized. This provided strong institutional support for building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.
Yet, we must be keenly aware that improving the socialist system with Chinese characteristics is a dynamic process, which will inevitably evolve with advances in practice. During this process, we need to constantly improve existing institutions and work on promoting institutional innovations and filling institutional gaps in new areas and for new practices. In the face of new developments and tasks, we must further deepen reform comprehensively to continue refining institutions and mechanisms in various sectors, so as to help consolidate foundations, leverage strengths, and shore up areas of weakness. This will enable us to better translate our country’s institutional strengths into effective governance.
第三，这是推动高质量发展、更好适应我国社会主要矛盾变化的迫切需要。当前，推动高质量发展面临的突出问题依然是发展不平衡不充分。比如，市场体系仍不健全，市场发育还不充分，政府和市场的关系尚未完全理顺，创新能力不适应高质量发展要求，产业体系整体大而不强、全而不精，关键核心技术受制于人状况没有根本改变，农业基础还不稳固，城乡区域发展和收入分配差距仍然较大，民生保障、生态环境保护仍存短板，等等。归结起来，这些问题都是社会主要矛盾变化的反映，是发展中的问题，必须进一步全面深化改革，从体制机制上推动解决。
Third, we need to promote high-quality development and better respond to the evolution of the principal contradiction in Chinese society.
At present, unbalanced and inadequate development remains a pronounced problem in promoting China’s high-quality development. For example, the market system still needs improvement; the market itself is not adequately developed; the relationship between the government and the market needs to be further straightened out; our innovation capacity falls short of the requirements for high-quality development; the industrial system, while large in size and extensive in scope, is not yet strong or sophisticated enough; the over-reliance on key and core technologies controlled by others has not been fundamentally changed; the foundations of agriculture need to be further strengthened; wide gaps persist in development and income distribution between urban and rural areas and between regions; and weak links remain in improving the people’s wellbeing and protecting the ecological environment. In essence, all of these challenges reflect the evolution of the principal contradiction in Chinese society and are the result of ongoing development. It is essential that they are addressed by further deepening reform comprehensively on an institutional basis.
第四，这是应对重大风险挑战、推动党和国家事业行稳致远的迫切需要。推进中国式现代化是一项全新的事业，前进道路上必然会遇到各种矛盾和风险挑战。特别是当前世界百年未有之大变局加速演进，局部冲突和动荡频发，全球性问题加剧，来自外部的打压遏制不断升级，我国发展进入战略机遇和风险挑战并存、不确定难预料因素增多的时期，各种“黑天鹅”、“灰犀牛”事件随时可能发生。有效应对这些风险挑战，在日趋激烈的国际竞争中赢得战略主动，需要我们进一步全面深化改革，用完善的制度防范化解风险、有效应对挑战，在危机中育新机、于变局中开新局。
Fourth, we need to deal with major risks and challenges and secure steady and sustained progress in the cause of the Party and the country.
Advancing Chinese modernization is a whole new endeavor. On the journey ahead, we will inevitably be confronted with problems, risks, and challenges. In particular, momentous changes of a magnitude not seen in a century are accelerating across the world, regional conflicts and disturbances keep cropping up, global issues are becoming more acute, and external attempts to suppress and contain China are escalating. China has entered a period in which strategic opportunities, risks, and challenges coexist and uncertainties and unpredictability are rising. Various “black swan” and “gray rhino” events have the potential to occur at any time. To effectively deal with these risks and challenges and seize the strategic initiative amid intensifying international competition, we need to further deepen reform comprehensively, so that we can create sound institutions to prevent and defuse risks and respond to challenges, strive to foster new opportunities amid crises, and break new ground amid the changing landscape.
二、关于决定稿起草过程
II. The Drafting Process
2023年11月，中央政治局决定，成立党的二十届三中全会文件起草组，由我担任组长，王沪宁、蔡奇、丁薛祥同志担任副组长，在中央政治局常委会领导下承担文件起草工作。12月8日，文件起草组召开第一次全体会议，文件起草工作正式启动。在7个多月时间里，文件起草组深入调查研究，广泛征求意见，开展专题论证，反复讨论修改。
In November 2023, the Political Bureau decided that a document drafting group would be established for the third plenary session of the 20th Central Committee under the auspices of the Political Bureau’s Standing Committee. I am chief of this group, and my colleagues Wang Huning, Cai Qi, and Ding Xuexiang serve as its deputy chiefs. The drafting work started following our first meeting on December 8. Over the past seven months or so, we carried out thorough surveys and studies, extensively solicited opinions, conducted debates on major topics, held multiple discussions, and revised the draft many times.
在决定稿起草过程中，我们重点把握以下几点：一是总结和运用改革开放以来特别是新时代全面深化改革的宝贵经验，确定遵循原则，坚持正确政治方向。二是紧紧围绕推进中国式现代化、落实党的二十大战略部署来谋划进一步全面深化改革，坚持问题导向。三是抓住重点，突出体制机制改革，突出战略性、全局性重大改革，突出经济体制改革牵引作用，凸显改革引领作用。四是坚持人民至上，从人民整体利益、根本利益、长远利益出发谋划和推进改革。五是强化系统集成，加强对改革整体谋划、系统布局，使各方面改革相互配合、协同高效。
In drafting the document, we focused on the following priorities:
First, we laid down the principles to adhere to and ensured the right political orientation on the basis of reviewing and applying the valuable experience we have gained since the launch of reform and opening up, particularly from our endeavor to comprehensively deepen reform in the new era.
Second, we stuck to a problem-oriented approach and worked out plans for further deepening reform comprehensively with a focus on advancing Chinese modernization and on implementing the major strategic plans set out at the Party’s 20th National Congress.
Third, we sorted out our priorities. We have prioritized institutional reform, reforms of strategic and overarching importance, and the leading role of economic structural reform, thus underscoring the guidance of reform measures.
Fourth, we adhered to the principle of putting the people first to see that reforms are designed and advanced with the overall, fundamental, and long-term interests of the people in mind.
Fifth, we made overarching, integrated, and systematic plans to ensure that reforms in different sectors work in concert and produce desirable results.
这次全会文件起草，把发扬民主、集思广益贯穿全过程。2023年11月27日，党中央发出通知，就党的二十届三中全会议题征求各地区各部门各方面和部分干部群众意见。大家一致认为，党中央决定党的二十届三中全会重点研究进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化问题，彰显了将改革进行到底的坚强决心和强烈使命担当，是对新时代新征程举什么旗、走什么路的再宣示，对以中国式现代化全面推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业具有重大而深远的意义。各地区各部门各方面就文件主题、框架、重要举措等提出许多有价值的建议，为决定稿起草提供了重要参考。
Throughout the drafting process, we have taken a democratic approach in order to draw on a vast pool of wisdom. On November 27, 2023, the Central Committee issued a notice about soliciting opinions on the agenda of the third plenary session of the 20th Central Committee from all localities, departments, and sectors, as well as some officials and individuals.
There is a broad consensus among all those consulted that the 20th CPC Central Committee’s decision to focus its third plenary session on further deepening reform comprehensively to advance Chinese modernization is a reflection of the Party’s firm determination and strong sense of responsibility to carry reform through to the end and a restatement of the answers it has given to the questions of what banner to uphold and what path to take on the new journey in the new era. They believe that this decision holds far-reaching significance for building a great country and advancing national rejuvenation on all fronts through Chinese modernization. The localities, departments, and sectors consulted have also made many valuable suggestions on the theme and framework of the draft, as well as major reform measures to be included. This has provided us with an important reference for drafting the resolution.
2024年5月7日，决定稿下发党内一定范围征求意见，征求党内老同志意见，专门听取各民主党派中央、全国工商联负责人和无党派人士代表意见，听取相关企业和专家学者意见。从反馈情况看，大家一致认为，决定稿紧紧围绕推进中国式现代化这个主题擘画进一步全面深化改革战略举措，坚持正确政治方向，着力抓住推进中国式现代化需要破解的重大体制机制问题谋划改革，主题鲜明，重点突出，举措务实可行，是新时代新征程上推动全面深化改革向广度和深度进军的总动员、总部署，充分体现了完善和发展中国特色社会主义制度、推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的历史主动，必将为中国式现代化提供强大动力和制度保障。同时，各方面提出了1911条修改意见和建议。文件起草组认真研究这些意见和建议，能吸收尽量吸收，作出221处修改。
On May 7, 2024, the text of the resolution was issued to select Party members, including retired senior Party officials, for consultation. Opinions were also sought from the central committees of other political parties, from leaders of the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce, from prominent figures without party affiliation, and from relevant enterprises, scholars, and experts.
The feedback shows that all those consulted believe that the strategic measures for further deepening reform comprehensively presented in the draft resolution closely focus on the theme of advancing Chinese modernization. The draft follows the right political orientation and sets forth reform plans for resolving the major institutional problems hindering Chinese modernization. With a distinct theme, clear priorities, and feasible measures, the document will, in their opinion, serve as an overall plan and call to action for comprehensively advancing broader and deeper reform on the new journey in the new era. They also agree that the draft evinces a historical initiative with regard to upholding and improving the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics and modernizing China’s system and capacity for governance, and it will provide strong impetus and institutional support for Chinese modernization.
Based on a careful study of the 1,911 opinions and suggestions received from all sides, the drafting group incorporated as many of these as possible into the draft, resulting in 221 revisions to the text.
在起草工作过程中，中央政治局常委会召开3次会议、中央政治局召开2次会议进行审议、修改，形成了提请这次全会审议的决定稿。
During the drafting process, the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau met three times and the Political Bureau convened on two occasions for the purpose of reviewing the draft versions. The culmination of all this is the final draft that we have submitted to this session for deliberation.
三、关于决定稿基本框架和主要内容
III. The General Framework and Main Content of the Document
决定稿除引言和结束语外，有15个部分，分三大板块。第一部分为第一板块，是总论，主要阐述进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化的重大意义和总体要求。第二至第十四部分为第二板块，是分论，主要从经济、政治、文化、社会、生态文明、国家安全、国防和军队等方面部署改革。第十五部分为第三板块，主要讲加强党对改革的领导、深化党的建设制度改革、党风廉政建设和反腐败斗争。内容条目通篇排序，开列60条。
In addition to a preamble and a conclusion, the draft resolution consists of 15 sections, which may be divided into three main parts. The first section constitutes the first part and is a general exposition on the great significance and general requirements of further deepening reform comprehensively to advance Chinese modernization. Sections two through fourteen make up the second part, which elaborates on reform plans in specific fields such as the economy, politics, culture, society, environmental conservation, national security, and national defense and the military. Section fifteen is part three. This part focuses on strengthening the Party’s leadership over reform, deepening reforms related to Party building, improving conduct, building integrity, and combating corruption. The above content is laid out in a total of 60 subsections.
决定稿锚定2035年基本实现社会主义现代化目标，重点部署未来五年的重大改革举措，在内容摆布上有以下几个特点。
With a view to achieving the goal of basically realizing socialist modernization by 2035, the draft resolution includes major reform measures for the coming five years. In terms of its layout and content, it features the following highlights.
第一，注重发挥经济体制改革牵引作用。深化经济体制改革仍是进一步全面深化改革的重点，主要任务是完善有利于推动高质量发展的体制机制，塑造发展新动能新优势，坚持和落实“两个毫不动摇”，构建全国统一大市场，完善市场经济基础制度。
(1) Giving play to the leading role of economic structural reform
Economic structural reform will remain our priority in further deepening reform comprehensively. The main tasks in this regard include improving the systems and mechanisms for enabling high-quality development, fostering new growth drivers and strengths, upholding and fulfilling the commitments to the public and non-public sectors, building a unified national market, and refining the systems underpinning the market economy.
决定稿围绕处理好政府和市场关系这个核心问题，把构建高水平社会主义市场经济体制摆在突出位置，对经济体制改革重点领域和关键环节作出部署。着眼增强国有企业核心功能、提升核心竞争力，提出增强各有关管理部门战略协同，推进国有经济布局优化和结构调整，推动国有资本和国有企业做强做优做大；着眼推动非公有制经济发展，提出制定民营经济促进法，加强产权执法司法保护，防止和纠正利用行政、刑事手段干预经济纠纷。提出加强公平竞争审查刚性约束，清理和废除妨碍全国统一市场和公平竞争的各种规定和做法，完善要素市场制度和规则，等等。这些举措将更好激发全社会内生动力和创新活力。
Focusing on the pivotal issue of balancing the relationship between the government and the market, the draft resolution gives prominence to building a high-standard socialist market economy and makes arrangements for economic structural reform in major areas and key links. It mentions that we will strengthen strategic coordination between relevant administrative departments and work to refine the layout of the state-owned sector and adjust its structure, so as to see state capital and state-owned enterprises get stronger, do better, and grow bigger, with their core functions and core competitiveness enhanced. Targeting the development of the non-public sector, it puts forth the requirements of formulating a private sector promotion law, strengthening law enforcement and justice administration to protect property rights, and preventing and rectifying administrative and criminal interference in economic disputes. It also includes measures such as enhancing the binding force of fair competition review, reviewing and abolishing regulations and practices impeding the development of a unified national market and fair competition, and improving institutions and rules for production factor markets. All these steps will help unleash the internal driving forces and creativity of our society as a whole.
决定稿对健全推动经济高质量发展体制机制、促进新质生产力发展作出部署。围绕发展以高技术、高效能、高质量为特征的生产力，提出加强新领域新赛道制度供给，建立未来产业投入增长机制，以国家标准提升引领传统产业优化升级，促进各类先进生产要素向发展新质生产力集聚。
The draft resolution lays out plans for improving the systems and mechanisms underpinning high-quality development and promoting the development of new quality productive forces. To develop productive forces characterized by high technology, high efficiency, and high quality, it mentions that we will work to increase institutional supply in new areas and arenas, establish a mechanism for ensuring funding increases for future-oriented industries, elevate national standards to guide the upgrading of traditional industries, and channel various types of advanced production factors toward the development of new quality productive forces.
决定稿对健全宏观经济治理体系作出部署。提出完善国家战略规划体系和政策统筹协调机制；统筹推进财税体制改革，增加地方自主财力，拓展地方税源，合理扩大地方政府专项债券支持范围，适当加强中央事权、提高中央财政支出比例；完善金融机构定位和治理，健全投资和融资相协调的资本市场功能，完善金融监管体系。
The draft resolution sets forth plans for refining the macroeconomic governance system. As mentioned in the document, efforts will be made to improve the national strategic planning system and policy coordination mechanisms. With a view to deepening reform of the fiscal and tax systems in a coordinated manner, the draft resolution includes arrangements to expand the sources of tax revenue at the local level and place more fiscal resources at the disposal of local governments. It proposes measures to appropriately expand the scope of use for funds raised from the sale of local government special-purpose bonds while properly granting the central government greater administrative authority and increasing the share of its expenditure in total government expenditure. Efforts will be made to refine the role and governance of financial institutions, improve the functions of the capital market with balanced investment and financing, and improve the financial regulatory system.
决定稿对完善城乡融合发展体制机制作出部署。提出健全推进新型城镇化体制机制；巩固和完善农村基本经营制度；完善强农惠农富农支持制度；深化土地制度改革。
The draft resolution puts forward plans for improving the institutions and mechanisms for urban-rural integrated development. This involves improving the institutions and mechanisms for advancing new urbanization; consolidating and improving the basic rural operation system; improving supporting systems to strengthen agriculture, benefit farmers, and enrich rural areas; and deepening reform of the land system.
决定稿对完善高水平对外开放体制机制作出部署。提出稳步扩大制度型开放；深化外贸体制改革；深化外商投资和对外投资管理体制改革；优化区域开放布局；完善推进高质量共建“一带一路”机制。
The draft resolution also outlines plans for refining the institutions and mechanisms for high-standard opening up, which involve steadily expanding institutional opening up, deepening the foreign trade structural reform, further reforming the management systems for inward and outward investment, optimizing the layout for regional opening up, and improving the mechanisms for high-quality cooperation under the Belt and Road Initiative.
第二，注重构建支持全面创新体制机制。决定稿统筹推进教育科技人才体制机制一体改革，强调深化教育综合改革、深化科技体制改革、深化人才发展体制机制改革，提升国家创新体系整体效能。
(2) Developing support institutions and mechanisms for all-around innovation
With a view to ensuring coordinated efforts to promote integrated reform of institutions and mechanisms pertaining to education, science and technology, and talent, the draft resolution places emphasis on deepening comprehensive reform in education, deepening scientific and technological structural reform, and deepening institutional reforms for talent development, so as to boost the overall performance of our country’s innovation system.
在教育体制改革方面，提出分类推进高校改革，建立科技发展、国家战略需求牵引的学科设置调整机制和人才培养模式，超常布局急需学科专业；完善高校科技创新机制，提高成果转化效能。
In terms of reform in the education system, the document includes arrangements such as advancing reforms of higher education institutions on a categorized basis and developing discipline adjustment mechanisms and talent training models to meet the needs of China’s scientific and technological development and national strategies. This will see us making extraordinary moves to plan for disciplines and majors that are in urgent demand. The document also specifies the requirements of refining the mechanisms for facilitating scientific and technological innovation in universities and ensuring more efficient application of advances.
在科技体制改革方面，提出加强国家战略科技力量建设，优化国家科研机构、高水平研究型大学、科技领军企业定位和布局，改进科技计划管理，强化基础研究领域、交叉前沿领域、重点领域前瞻性、引领性布局；强化企业科技创新主体地位，建立培育壮大科技领军企业机制；允许科研类事业单位实行比一般事业单位更灵活的管理制度，探索实行企业化管理；深化职务科技成果赋权改革。
With regard to scientific and technological structural reform, the document calls for efforts to boost China’s strength in strategic science and technology. In this regard, it mentions that we will better define the roles and layout of our national research institutions, advanced-level research universities, and leading high-tech enterprises and improve the management of science and technology plans to ensure that they are forward-looking and play a guiding role in basic research, interdisciplinary frontier areas, and key fields. Moreover, the principal role of enterprises in innovation will be reinforced, and mechanisms for fostering leading high-tech enterprises will be established; public institutions engaged in scientific research will be allowed to implement a more flexible management system as compared to general public institutions, so that they can explore approaches to instituting corporate management; and reforms to grant researchers corresponding rights over their outputs will be deepened.
在人才发展体制机制改革方面，提出加快建设国家战略人才力量，提高各类人才素质；完善青年创新人才发现、选拔、培养机制，更好保障青年科技人员待遇；强化人才激励机制，坚持向用人主体授权、为人才松绑；完善海外引进人才支持保障机制。
To advance institutional reforms for talent development, the document sets out requirements such as stepping up efforts to build a contingent of personnel with expertise of national strategic importance and working to improve the performance of talent of all types; improving the mechanisms for identifying, selecting, and training young innovators and ensuring better pay and benefits for our young scientists and engineers; enhancing the incentive mechanisms for talent, granting more say to employers, and creating a more accommodating environment for talent development; and improving the support mechanisms for recruiting talent from overseas.
第三，注重全面改革。决定稿在统筹推进“五位一体”总体布局、协调推进“四个全面”战略布局框架下谋划进一步全面深化改革，统筹部署经济体制改革和其他各领域改革。
(3) Advancing reform in a comprehensive manner
Under the framework for implementing the Five-Sphere Integrated Plan and the Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy1 in a coordinated way, the draft resolution sets forth plans for further deepening reform across the board and makes overall arrangements for both economic structural reform and reforms in other areas.
在民主和法治领域改革方面，对健全全过程人民民主制度体系、完善中国特色社会主义法治体系分别作出部署。提出加强人民当家作主制度建设；健全协商民主机制；健全基层民主制度；完善大统战工作格局。提出加强重点领域、新兴领域、涉外领域立法；健全监察机关、公安机关、检察机关、审判机关、司法行政机关各司其职，监察权、侦查权、检察权、审判权、执行权相互配合、相互制约的体制机制；完善推进法治社会建设机制。
To deepen reform concerning democracy and the rule of law, the document sets out plans for refining the system for whole-process people’s democracy and for improving the system of socialist rule of law with Chinese characteristics. With regard to the former, it details arrangements such as strengthening the institutions through which the people run the country, improving the mechanisms for consultative democracy, enhancing democracy at the primary level, and building a broad united front. With regard to the latter, it mentions arrangements such as strengthening legislation in key, emerging, and foreign-related areas; refining the institutions and mechanisms for ensuring that supervisory organs, public security organs, procuratorates, courts, and administrative departments for justice all fulfill their respective functions and that powers of supervision, investigation, procuratorate, adjudication, and enforcement complement and constrain each other; and improving the mechanisms for building a law-based society.
在文化体制改革方面，着眼于推进物质文明和精神文明相协调的现代化，提出推动理想信念教育常态化制度化，改进创新文明培育、文明实践、文明创建工作机制；优化文化服务和文化产品供给机制，建立优质文化资源直达基层机制；健全网络综合治理体系；推进国际传播格局重构，构建更有效力的国际传播体系。
With regard to reform of the cultural sector, the document, in view of advancing modernization featuring coordinated pursuit of material and cultural-ethical progress, specifies that activities to foster ideals and convictions will be carried out on a regular and institutionalized basis and working mechanisms for raising awareness, applying principles, and developing initiatives aimed at promoting cultural-ethical progress will be innovated and improved. It also details arrangements such as refining mechanisms for supplying cultural services and products and establishing mechanisms for channeling quality cultural resources directly to the community level; improving the system for comprehensive cyberspace governance; and moving ahead with restructuring China’s international communication framework and establishing a more effective international communication system.
在健全保障和改善民生制度体系方面，提出完善收入分配制度，规范收入分配秩序；优化创业促进就业政策环境，支持和规范发展新就业形态；健全灵活就业人员、农民工、新就业形态人员社保制度，全面取消在就业地参保户籍限制；提出加快构建房地产发展新模式，充分赋予各城市政府房地产市场调控自主权；提出深化医药卫生体制改革，实施健康优先发展战略；提出健全人口发展支持和服务体系，完善生育支持政策体系和激励机制，完善发展养老事业和养老产业政策机制，按照自愿、弹性原则稳妥有序推进渐进式延迟法定退休年龄改革。
To refine the system for ensuring and improving the people’s wellbeing, the document includes arrangements such as improving the income distribution system and keeping income distribution well-regulated; improving the policy environment to boost employment by encouraging business startups, and supporting and regulating the development of new forms of employment; building a sound social security system to serve people in flexible employment, rural migrant workers, and those in new forms of employment, and lifting all restrictions preventing people from accessing social security in the places where they work but do not hold permanent residency; and fostering a new development model for the real estate sector and giving municipal governments more decision-making powers to regulate the real estate market. Moreover, it calls for efforts to further reform the medical and healthcare systems and implement a health-first strategy; improve the systems for supporting population development and providing related services, refine the policy system and incentive mechanisms for boosting the birth rate, and refine the policies and mechanisms for developing elderly care programs and industries; and advance reform to gradually raise the statutory retirement age in a prudent and orderly manner in line with the principle of promoting voluntary participation while allowing appropriate flexibility.
在生态文明体制改革方面，提出完善生态文明基础体制，健全生态环境治理体系，健全绿色低碳发展机制；提出实施分区域、差异化、精准管控的生态环境管理制度，健全横向生态保护补偿机制，实施支持绿色低碳发展的财税、金融、投资、价格政策和标准体系，加快规划建设新型能源体系。
To further reform the system of ecological conservation, the document lays out plans for improving the basic systems for ecological conservation, improving environmental governance systems, and improving mechanisms for green and low-carbon development. It also specifies the requirements of implementing region-specific environmental management systems featuring differentiated and targeted regulation, improving the trans-regional compensation mechanism for ecological conservation, implementing fiscal, tax, financial, investment, and pricing policies as well as standards to support green and low-carbon development, and accelerating the planning and development of a new energy system.
第四，注重统筹发展和安全。国家安全是中国式现代化行稳致远的重要基础。决定稿把维护国家安全放到更加突出位置，围绕推进国家安全体系和能力现代化，提出构建联动高效的国家安全防护体系，推进国家安全科技赋能；健全重大突发公共事件处置保障体系；建立人工智能安全监管制度；探索建立全国统一的人口管理制度；完善社会治安整体防控体系，依法严惩群众反映强烈的违法犯罪活动。提出建立健全周边安全工作协调机制；健全反制裁、反干涉、反“长臂管辖”机制；健全贸易风险防控机制，完善涉外法律法规体系和法治实施体系，深化执法司法国际合作。围绕持续深化国防和军队改革，提出完善人民军队领导管理体制机制，深化联合作战体系改革，深化跨军地改革。
(4) Balancing development and security imperatives
National security provides a pivotal foundation for ensuring steady and sustained progress in Chinese modernization. Giving higher priority to national security, the draft resolution puts forth a set of requirements with a focus on modernizing China’s system and capacity for national security. These requirements include creating a coordinated and highly effective system for protecting national security and better leveraging science and technology to safeguard national security; improving the response and support system for major public emergencies; instituting oversight systems to ensure the safety of artificial intelligence; exploring avenues for establishing a unified national population management system; and improving the integrated systems for maintaining law and order and cracking down hard on illegal and criminal activities that cause grave public concern. Furthermore, the draft also proposes measures such as establishing sound coordination mechanisms for promoting security in neighboring regions; strengthening mechanisms for countering foreign sanctions, interference, and long-arm jurisdiction; and improving mechanisms for preventing and controlling trade risks, improving the system of foreign-related laws and regulations and the systems for enforcing the rule of law, and deepening law enforcement and judicial cooperation with other countries.
To continue deepening reform of national defense and the armed forces, the document puts forward requirements such as improving the institutions and mechanisms for leading and managing the people’s armed forces, deepening reform of joint operations systems, and deepening military-civilian reforms.
第五，注重加强党对改革的领导。党的领导是进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化的根本保证。决定稿提出完善党中央重大决策部署落实机制；深化干部人事制度改革，鲜明树立选人用人正确导向，大力选拔政治过硬、敢于担当、锐意改革、实绩突出、清正廉洁的干部，着力解决干部乱作为、不作为、不敢为、不善为问题；树立和践行正确政绩观，落实“三个区分开来”，激励干部开拓进取、干事创业；增强党组织政治功能和组织功能；健全防治形式主义、官僚主义制度机制，健全不正之风和腐败问题同查同治机制，丰富防治新型腐败和隐性腐败的有效办法。
(5) Strengthening the Party’s leadership over reform
Leadership by the Party provides a fundamental guarantee for further deepening reform comprehensively to advance Chinese modernization. The draft resolution mentions that we will refine the mechanisms through which major decisions and plans of the Central Committee are implemented; further reform the management system for officials and personnel and firmly follow the right approach to selecting and appointing officials, seeing that officials who are politically committed, highly responsible, determined to pursue reform, outstanding in performance, and honest and clean must be selected and the problem of officials acting arbitrarily or lacking the willingness, courage, or ability to deliver must be addressed; make sure that officials have a correct understanding of what it means to perform well, and the “three distinctions”2 are applied to encourage officials to forge ahead in a pioneering spirit and demonstrate enterprise in their work; strengthen the political and organizational functions of Party organizations; and refine the systems and mechanisms for preventing and tackling pointless formalities and bureaucratism, improve the mechanisms for investigating and addressing instances of both misconduct and corruption, and adopt more measures to effectively prevent and control new and disguised forms of corruption.
希望同志们深刻领会党中央精神，紧紧围绕全会主题进行讨论，提出建设性修改意见和建议，共同把这次全会开好、把决定稿修改好。
Comrades,
I hope you will gain a full understanding of the guiding principles laid down by the CPC Central Committee, hold discussions centering on the theme of this plenary session, and come up with constructive ideas and suggestions for revision, so that we can work together to make this session a great success and make well-conceived revisions to the draft resolution.
Notes:
1 The Five-Sphere Integrated Plan is to promote coordinated economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological advancement. The Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy is to make comprehensive moves to build a modern socialist country, deepen reform, advance law-based governance, and strengthen Party self-governance.
2 The three distinctions refer to those between errors caused by lack of experience in pilot reforms and deliberate violations of discipline and law; between errors made in conducting experiments that are not explicitly restricted by higher-level authorities and arbitrary violations of discipline and law in the face of higher-level authorities’ explicit prohibition; and between unwitting errors made in pursuing development and violations of discipline and law for personal gains.
