一、着力推进重点领域立法、提高立法质量
1. We worked hard to advance legislation in key areas and improve the quality of legislation.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/2225.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/2225.html
立法是全面依法治国的前提和基础。常委会坚持立法先行，紧紧抓住事关改革发展稳定的重大立法项目，紧紧抓住提高立法质量这个关键，一批重要法律相继出台。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/2225.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/2225.html
Effective legislation is a prerequisite and foundation for China’s law-based governance. Continuing to make legislation our top priority, we focused on major legislative items important to China’s reform, development, and stability, gave great attention to the key task of raising the quality of our legislation, and enacted a number of important laws.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/2225.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/2225.html
（一）构建国家安全法律制度体系取得重要进展。国家安全是安邦定国的基石。常委会贯彻落实总体国家安全观，坚持从国情和实际出发，保持政治定力，把握立法时机，加快国家安全法治建设。继2014年、2015年出台反间谍法、国家安全法、反恐怖主义法之后，2016年又审议通过境外非政府组织境内活动管理法、网络安全法、国防交通法，审议了国家情报法、核安全法草案等。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/2225.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/2225.html
1) Major progress was made in developing the system of national security laws.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/2225.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/2225.html
National security is the foundation of a stable country. Putting into effect the integrative national security concept and giving central consideration to China’s conditions and realities, we maintained our political resolve, acted when the time was right for legislation, and worked faster to develop the system of laws related to national security. Following the enactment of the Counter-Espionage Law in 2014 and the National Security Law and the Anti-Terrorism Law in 2015, last year we deliberated and passed the Law on Administration of Activities of Overseas Nongovernmental Organizations in the Mainland of China, the Cybersecurity Law, and the Law on National Defense Transportation, and deliberated the drafts of an intelligence law and a nuclear safety law.
境外非政府组织境内活动管理法将境外非政府组织在中国境内的活动和管理纳入法治轨道，既有利于保护其合法权益，促进正常交流与合作，也有利于依法加强监管，维护国家安全和社会公共利益。网络安全法是网络安全领域的基础性法律。这部法律正确处理网络空间自由和秩序、安全和发展、自主和开放的关系，遵循积极利用、科学发展、依法管理、确保安全的方针，确立了网络安全的各方面基本管理制度。国防交通法是本届全国人大常委会审议通过的第一部国防军事方面的法律，立法目的是促进交通领域军民深度融合发展，提高国防交通平时服务、急时应急、战时应战的能力，更好地服务国家安全和发展战略全局。
The Law on Administration of Activities of Overseas Nongovernmental Organizations in the Mainland of China brings the administration of activities of overseas NGOs in the mainland of China into line with the rule of law. It will help to protect their legitimate rights and interests and promote exchange and cooperation, while also helping to strengthen China’s law-based oversight and regulation and safeguard China’s national security and public interests.
The Cybersecurity Law is a fundamental law in the field of cyber security. The law establishes basic regulatory systems for all areas of cyber security that ensure the effective utilization, sound development, law-based regulation, and improved security of cyberspace and establish the right balance between freedom and order, security and development, and national governance and international cooperation.
The Law on National Defense Transportation is the first piece of legislation pertaining to national defense deliberated and adopted by this Standing Committee. The purpose of this law is to facilitate closer military-civilian integration in the field of transportation and improve the capabilities of national defense transportation to serve in times of peace, respond to emergencies, and meet challenges in times of war, thus better serving the country’s overall strategy for national security and development.
（二）扎实推进民法总则制定工作。编纂民法典是党的十八届四中全会提出的重要立法任务，是推进全面依法治国、完善中国特色社会主义法律体系的重大举措。新中国成立后，我国曾于1954年、1962年、1979年、2001年先后4次启动民法制定工作，前两次由于各种原因而未能取得实际成果；后两次经认真研究，决定按照“成熟一个通过一个”的工作思路，先分别制定民事单行法律，条件成熟时再编纂民法典。适应改革开放和发展社会主义市场经济的需要，我国制定了民法通则，并先后出台继承法、收养法、担保法、合同法、物权法、侵权责任法等一系列民事单行法律。现在，编纂民法典的条件已经具备。常委会研究提出民法典编纂“两步走”的工作思路：第一步，编纂民法典总则编，也就是制定民法总则；第二步，在民法总则出台后，进行民法典各分编的编纂工作，争取2020年形成统一的民法典。
2) Steady progress was made in developing the General Provisions of Civil Law.
The development of a civil code was an important legislative task proposed at the Fourth Plenary Session of the 18th Party Central Committee, and is a move of enormous importance for fully advancing China’s law-based governance and improving the socialist system of laws with Chinese characteristics. After the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, the NPC worked on developing civil law in 1954, 1962, 1979, and 2001, but for a number of reasons efforts in 1954 and 1962 failed to produce real results. The work in 1979 and 2001, through careful consideration, led to the adoption of an incremental approach, whereby individual civil laws were to be formulated first and the civil code was to be developed later when the conditions were right to do so. To meet the needs of promoting reform and opening up and developing the socialist market economy, China formulated the General Principles of Civil Law, and introduced a series of civil laws such as the Inheritance Law, the Adoption Law, the Guarantee Law, the Contract Law, the Property Law, and the Tort Law. Now the conditions are all in place for compiling a civil code. The Standing Committee has decided to adopt a two-step approach to develop the civil code: first, developing the general part of the civil code, or the General Provisions of Civil Law; and second, following the enactment of the General Provisions of Civil Law, compiling the individual books of the civil code, striving to form a complete civil code by 2020.
民法总则规定民法的基本原则和一般规则，在民法典中起统率性、纲领性作用。常委会以高度的责任感和使命感，全力以赴做好民法总则制定工作，先后3次审议法律草案，并通过中国人大网3次向社会公开征求意见。经过认真审议和反复修改，决定提请本次会议审议。相信经过全体代表的共同努力，一定能够制定出一部经得起历史和人民检验、有中国特色的民法总则，为编纂民法典打下坚实基础。
The General Provisions of Civil Law lays out the basic principles and general rules of civil law, and is the leading part of the civil code. The Standing Committee has worked with a strong sense of responsibility and mission to do its utmost to formulate the General Provisions of Civil Law, carrying out three readings to deliberate the draft legislation, and making three open requests for public comments through the NPC’s website (www.npc.gov.cn). After careful deliberation and repeated revisions, we have decided to submit the draft of the General Provisions of Civil Law to this session for deliberation. We believe that with the concerted efforts of all deputies, we will be able to make this a piece of legislation that stands the test of time and meets the expectations of the people, and that is characteristically Chinese, thus laying a solid foundation for the civil code.
（三）加强文化、社会、环境保护等方面立法。针对我国文化领域立法工作相对滞后的情况，常委会大力加强文化法律制度建设，2016年审议通过两部重要法律。公共文化服务保障法明确政府在公共文化服务工作中的职责，确立公共文化服务的基本原则和保障制度等。电影产业促进法规范电影创作、摄制、发行、放映等活动，加大对电影产业的支持和保障力度。这两部法律，对于保障人民基本文化权益，丰富人民群众精神文化生活，弘扬社会主义核心价值观，必将发挥重要作用。
3) Legislation concerning cultural, social, environmental, and other issues was strengthened.
Seeing that China’s legislative work in the cultural sector was lagging behind, last year, we strengthened the system of laws on culture by deliberating and passing two important laws related to this sector. The Law on Guaranteeing Public Cultural Services clarifies the duties and responsibilities of the government in the provision of public cultural services, and establishes basic principles and mechanisms for guaranteeing provision. The Film Industry Promotion Law regulates the scripting, filming, release, and showing of films and provides greater support and security for the film industry. These two laws will play a significant role in safeguarding the people’s basic cultural rights and interests, enriching their intellectual and cultural life, and promoting core socialist values.
中医药是中华民族的瑰宝。常委会审议通过的中医药法明确规定，中医药是包括汉族和少数民族医药在内的我国各民族医药的统称，国家大力发展中医药事业，实行中西医并重的方针，建立符合中医药特点的管理制度，充分发挥中医药在我国医药卫生事业中的作用。
Traditional Chinese medicine is a national treasure. The Law on Traditional Chinese Medicine passed after deliberation by the Standing Committee clearly stipulates: traditional Chinese medicine is the general designation for the traditional medicine of the Han and of ethnic minorities of China. The state shall work hard to develop traditional Chinese medicine, follow the principle of attaching equal importance to traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine, and put in place a regulatory system suitable to the unique features of traditional Chinese medicine, thereby giving full play to its role in China’s health care services.
按照党中央关于“推动环境保护费改税”、“落实税收法定原则”的改革精神，常委会审议通过环境保护税法。这是本届全国人大常委会审议通过的第一部税收法律，对于充分发挥税收在控制和减少污染物排放、保护和改善生态环境方面的积极作用，具有重要意义。
In keeping with the decisions on reform made by the Party Central Committee related to replacing environmental protection fees with a tax and ensuring law-based taxation, we deliberated and passed the Environmental Protection Tax Law. This is the first tax law deliberated and approved by this Standing Committee; it is of great importance in giving full play to the role of taxation in helping to control and reduce emissions and protect and improve ecosystems and the environment.
常委会还制定了资产评估法，修改了民办教育促进法、野生动物保护法、海洋环境保护法、红十字会法、企业所得税法等。
We also enacted the Asset Appraisal Law and revised laws including the Law on the Promotion of Privately-Run Schools, the Wildlife Protection Law, the Marine Environment Protection Law, the Law on the Red Cross Society, and the Law on Corporate Income Tax.
（四）完善立法工作机制和方式方法。一是出台《关于建立健全全国人大专门委员会、常委会工作机构组织起草重要法律草案制度的实施意见》。常委会过去一年审议的法律案中，有10件是由有关专门委员会和常委会工作机构牵头起草的。二是健全法律草案征求代表意见制度，邀请代表参与立法调研、论证、审议、评估等工作，认真听取和采纳代表的意见建议，更好发挥代表在立法工作中的作用。三是制定《立法项目征集和论证工作规范》，推进立法工作规范化、制度化建设。四是完善基层立法联系点制度，先后就7部法律草案8次组织听取基层干部群众意见，立法工作更加接地气、察民情。我们还召开全国地方立法研讨会，加强对地方立法特别是设区的市立法工作的指导。全国新赋予地方立法权的273个市、自治州中，已有269个经批准开始制定地方性法规。
4) Legislative mechanisms and methods were refined.
First, we published the guidelines on establishing sound systems under which special committees of the NPC and working bodies of the NPC Standing Committee organize the drafting of important laws. Of all the legislative items deliberated by the Standing Committee this past year, the drafting for 10 items was led by relevant special committees of the NPC and working bodies of the Standing Committee.
Second, we improved the mechanisms for soliciting the opinions of deputies on the drafts of laws and invited them to participate in the research, debate, deliberation, and assessment process so as to ensure their comments and suggestions can be effectively heard and adopted. These efforts have enabled deputies to play a bigger role in the NPC’s legislative work.
Third, we formulated the Procedures for Collecting and Discussing Legislative Items, making progress in efforts to better standardize and institutionalize legislative work.
Fourth, we improved the system for staying connected with local communities on legislative matters, and on eight occasions organized activities to solicit comments on seven draft laws from the general public and officials at the community level. This ensured that legislative work was carried out in close connection with the people and was better able to reflect public sentiment.
We held a national symposium on local legislation to guide local legislative work, especially the legislative work of cities with subsidiary districts. Of the 273 cities and autonomous prefectures newly granted local legislative powers by the revised Legislation Law, 269 have, with approval from provincial-level people’s congresses, already begun to formulate local regulations.
