六、积极促进全球人权法治建设
VI. Actively Promoting the Development of Global Human Rights Under the Rule of Law文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/4225.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/4225.html
中国始终是世界和平的建设者，全球发展的贡献者，国际秩序的维护者。中国政府倡导构建人类命运共同体，积极参与国际人权法治体系建构，认真履行国际人权义务，深入开展司法领域国际合作，推进全球人权事业健康发展。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/4225.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/4225.html
China has always safeguarded world peace and contributed to global development, and upholds the international order. The Chinese government advocates building a community of shared future for humanity. China actively participates in building a legal system of international human rights, earnestly fulfills international human rights obligations, conducts in-depth international exchanges and cooperation in judicial field, and champions the healthy development of global human rights.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/4225.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/4225.html
倡导构建人类命运共同体。2013年3月，中国国家主席习近平在莫斯科国际关系学院演讲中首次提出“命运共同体”理念。2015年9月，习近平主席在联合国成立70周年系列峰会上全面阐述了打造人类命运共同体的主要内涵。2017年1月，习近平主席在日内瓦万国宫出席“共商共筑人类命运共同体”高级别会议，并发表题为《共同构建人类命运共同体》的主旨演讲。在演讲中，习近平主席深刻、全面、系统阐述人类命运共同体理念，主张共同推进构建人类命运共同体伟大进程，坚持对话协商、共建共享、合作共赢、交流互鉴、绿色低碳，建设一个持久和平、普遍安全、共同繁荣、开放包容、清洁美丽的世界。习近平主席的重要讲话为应对当前突出全球性挑战指明了根本出路，对完善国际人权治理也具有重要启示。“构建人类命运共同体”理念被联合国大会、安全理事会、人权理事会等载入相关决议，标志着这一理念成为国际人权话语体系的重要组成部分，拓宽了国际人权保障视野，为推进全球人权治理朝着公正合理的方向发展发挥了重要作用。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/4225.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/4225.html
Building a community of shared future for humanity. In March 2013, Chinese President Xi Jinping put forward the idea of “a community of shared future” for the first time in a speech at the Moscow State Institute of International Relations. In September 2015, at the summits commemorating the 70th anniversary of the founding of the United Nations, he expanded this vision. In January 2017, he attended a high-level meeting on “discussing and building a community of shared future for humanity” at the Palais des Nations in Geneva, Switzerland, and delivered a keynote speech, entitled “Work Together to Build a Community of Shared Future for Humanity”. In his speech, Xi elaborated on the concept of a community of shared future for humanity in a profound, comprehensive and systematic way and called on the peoples of all countries to work together to push forward the great process. Xi advocates an open, inclusive, clean and beautiful world that enjoys lasting peace, universal security, and common prosperity through dialogue and consultation, joint efforts, win-win cooperation, and exchanges and mutual learning, and by pursuing green and low-carbon development. President Xi Jinping’s speech indicates the fundamental means of addressing current global challenges, and has important implications in improving international human rights governance. The concept of “building a community of shared future for humanity” has been written into relevant resolutions of the UN General Assembly, the Security Council and the Human Rights Council, signifying that it has become an important part of international human rights discourse. It broadens the perspective of international human rights protection and plays an important role in advancing global human rights governance in an equitable and rational way.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/4225.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/4225.html
积极参与涉人权保障国际规则制定。中国是联合国的创始会员国，参与了《联合国宪章》《世界人权宣言》和一系列国际人权文献的制定工作，为国际人权规则体系发展作出了重要贡献。参与了《维也纳宣言与行动纲领》《发展权利宣言》《儿童权利公约》《残疾人权利公约》《和平权利宣言》《消除对妇女一切形式歧视公约》等的制定，在以《联合国气候变化框架公约》为主渠道的气候变化国际谈判中发挥建设性作用，推动气候变化《巴黎协定》的达成和生效。中国提出“一带一路”重大倡议，大力推动经济、环境保护、医疗卫生、青少年、儿童保护与发展、网络空间治理、反腐败、禁毒等领域国际合作规则制定。
Actively participating in the making of international rules related to the protection of human rights. As a founding member of the United Nations, China has been involved in creating the UN Charter, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international human rights instruments, making an important contribution to the development of international human rights rules. It has participated in formulating the Vienna Declaration and Program of Action, the Declaration on the Right to Development, the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, the Declaration on the Right of Peoples to Peace, and the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women. China has played a constructive role in international climate change negotiations with the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change as the main channel, and made every effort to ensure that the Paris Agreement on climate change is concluded and comes into force. China has created the Belt and Road Initiative, and pressed forward with establishing international cooperation rules concerning the economy, environmental protection, healthcare, adolescents, the protection and development of children, cyberspace governance, anti-corruption and drug control.
认真履行国际人权义务。中国已参加包括《经济社会文化权利国际公约》《儿童权利公约》《残疾人权利公约》《消除对妇女一切形式歧视公约》《消除一切形式种族歧视国际公约》《禁止酷刑和其他残忍、不人道或有辱人格的待遇或处罚公约》等26项国际人权公约，并积极为批准《公民及政治权利国际公约》创造条件。中国重视国际人权文书对促进和保护人权的重要作用，认真履行条约义务，及时向相关条约机构提交履约报告，与条约机构开展建设性对话，并充分考虑条约机构提出的建议与意见，结合中国国情对合理可行的建议加以采纳和落实。2012年，中国执行《残疾人权利公约》首次报告顺利通过审议。2013年，中国执行《儿童权利公约》第三、四次合并报告和执行《〈儿童权利公约〉关于儿童卷入武装冲突问题的任择议定书》首次报告顺利通过审议。2014年，中国接受第二轮国别人权审查报告获得人权理事会核可，中国执行《经济社会文化权利国际公约》第二次履约报告顺利通过审议，中国执行《消除对妇女一切形式歧视公约》第七、八次合并报告接受消除对妇女歧视委员会审议。2015年，中国执行《禁止酷刑和其他残忍、不人道或有辱人格的待遇或处罚公约》第六次报告接受禁止酷刑委员会审议。中国积极参加国际维和行动，自1990年至2017年8月，累计派出维和军事人员3.6万人次，先后参加了24项联合国维和行动。2017年，建成8000人规模的维和待命部队。
Sincerely fulfilling its obligations to the international human rights conventions. China has acceded to 26 international human rights conventions including the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, and the Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment. It has also actively created conditions for the approval of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. China cherishes the important role played by international human rights instruments in promoting and protecting human rights, and sincerely fulfills its obligations to the international human rights conventions. It submits timely reports on implementing the conventions to the treaty bodies concerned, holds constructive dialogues with these bodies, takes into full consideration the proposals they raise, and adopts rational and feasible measures in the light of China’s actual conditions. In 2012, China’s first report on implementing the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities was approved. In 2013, China’s third and fourth combined report on implementing the Convention on the Rights of the Child and China’s first report on implementing the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict was approved. In 2014, China underwent the second-round Universal Periodic Review (UPR) held by the UN Human Rights Council, which approved the UPR report on China. China’s second report on implementing the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights was approved. China submitted its combined seventh and eighth periodic report on the implementation of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women to the UN Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women for review. In 2015, China submitted its sixth report on implementing the Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment to the UN Committee Against Torture for review. China actively participates in international peacekeeping operations. From 1990 to August 2017, 36,000 Chinese military peacekeeping personnel were sent abroad to take part in 24 UN peacekeeping operations. In 2017, China built a peacekeeping standby force of 8,000 troops.
有效开展司法领域国际合作。中国已加入《海牙送达公约》《海牙取证公约》和《联合国打击跨国有组织犯罪公约》。截至2016年，中国已与19个国家签订了民（商）刑事司法协助条约（协定），均已生效；与40个国家签订了刑事司法协助条约（协定），其中32个已生效；与20个国家签订了民（商）事司法协助条约（协定），其中17个已生效。2013年至2016年，中国中央机关平均每年处理的各类司法协助请求总数在3300件以上。加强国际反腐败合作，推动通过《二十国集团反腐败追逃追赃高级原则》《二十国集团2017－2018年反腐败行动计划》，确立以“零容忍、零漏洞、零障碍”为主要内容的反腐败追逃追赃10条原则。开展“天网行动”，加大海外追逃、遣返引渡力度。2014年至2017年10月中旬，共从90多个国家和地区追回外逃人员3453名，追赃95.1亿元，“百名红通人员”48人。
Effectively conducting international cooperation on legal matters. China has acceded to the Hague Service Convention (also known as the Convention on the Service Abroad of Judicial and Extrajudicial Documents in Civil or Commercial Matters), the Hague Evidence Convention (also known as the Convention on the Taking of Evidence Abroad in Civil or Commercial Matters), and the United Nations Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime. By 2016, China had signed judicial assistance treaties or agreements on civil, commercial, and criminal cases with 19 countries, all of which had come into force. It had signed judicial assistance treaties or agreements on criminal cases with 40 countries, 32 of which had come into force, and it had signed judicial assistance treaties or agreements on civil and commercial cases with 20 countries, 17 of which had come into force. Between 2013 and 2016, China’s central organs handled more than 3,300 requests for judicial assistance every year. China has strengthened international cooperation against corruption, and promoted the adoption of the “G20 High Level Principles on Cooperation on Persons Sought for Corruption and Asset Recovery” and the “2017-2018 G20 Anti-Corruption Action Plan”. Ten principles on persons sought for corruption and asset recovery have been established, the main provisions of which are “zero tolerance against corruption, zero loopholes in our institutions and zero barriers in our actions”. China carries out “Sky Net” operation and intensifies efforts to pursue, repatriate and extradite fugitives accused of corruption. From 2014 to mid-October 2017, 3,453 fugitives were brought back from more than 90 countries and regions, including 48 on the list of 100 most wanted fugitives, and illegal assets worth RMB9.5 billion were recovered.
积极参与国际执法安全合作。中国同国际社会一道共同打击恐怖主义、分裂主义、极端主义犯罪和毒品犯罪。在联合国、国际刑警组织、上海合作组织、东南亚国家联盟、金砖国家等国际和区域性组织框架内加强反恐合作，打击一切恐怖势力。与有关国家通过高层交往、机制性磋商、签署合作协定等方式加强在反恐问题上的交流与合作，加大对“三股势力”的打击力度。积极参与制定应对世界毒品问题的有关国际文件，与周边国家开展打击贩毒走私活动。在中老缅泰湄公河流域执法安全合作机制内，持续开展“平安航道”联合扫毒行动。2016年，在中国承办的第二阶段“平安航道”联合扫毒行动中，中国、老挝、缅甸、泰国、柬埔寨、越南六国共破获毒品刑事案件6476起，抓获犯罪嫌疑人9927人，缴获各类毒品12.7吨、易制毒化学品55.2吨。
Taking an active part in international law-enforcement and security cooperation. China works with the international community to combat terrorism, separatism and extremism and drug-related crimes. Within the framework of international and regional organizations including the UN, Interpol (International Criminal Police Organization), SCO (Shanghai Cooperation Organization), ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) and BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa), China works to strengthen counter-terrorism cooperation with other countries in order to combat all forces of terrorism. China has enhanced counter-terrorism exchanges and cooperation with other countries through high-level contacts, institutional consultation, and cooperation agreements, and intensified the fight against the “three evil forces” of terrorism, extremism and separatism. China is actively involved in creating international instruments to address the world drug problem, and fights alongside neighboring countries against drug trafficking and smuggling. It continues the Safe Mekong Joint Operation within the law-enforcement and security cooperation mechanism along the China, Laos, Myanmar and Thailand sections of the Mekong River. In the Second Safe Mekong Joint Operation by China, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia and Vietnam, organized by China in 2016, 6,476 drug-related cases were solved, 9,927 suspects were arrested, and 12.7 tons of narcotics and 55.2 tons of precursor chemicals were seized.
