三、中国的北极政策目标和基本原则
III. China’s Policy Goals and Basic Principles on the Arctic文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/4411.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/4411.html
中国的北极政策目标是：认识北极、保护北极、利用北极和参与治理北极，维护各国和国际社会在北极的共同利益，推动北极的可持续发展。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/4411.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/4411.html
China’s policy goals on the Arctic are: to understand, protect, develop and participate in the governance of the Arctic, so as to safeguard the common interests of all countries and the international community in the Arctic, and promote sustainable development of the Arctic.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/4411.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/4411.html
认识北极就是要提高北极的科学研究水平和能力，不断深化对北极的科学认知和了解，探索北极变化和发展的客观规律，为增强人类保护、利用和治理北极的能力创造有利条件。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/4411.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/4411.html
To understand the Arctic, China will improve the capacity and capability in scientific research on the Arctic, pursue a deeper understanding and knowledge of the Arctic science, and explore the natural laws behind its changes and development, so as to create favorable conditions for mankind to better protect, develop, and govern the Arctic.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/4411.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/4411.html
保护北极就是要积极应对北极气候变化，保护北极独特的自然环境和生态系统，不断提升北极自身的气候、环境和生态适应力，尊重多样化的社会文化以及土著人的历史传统。
To protect the Arctic, China will actively respond to climate change in the Arctic, protect its unique natural environment and ecological system, promote its own climatic, environmental and ecological resilience, and respect its diverse social culture and the historical traditions of the indigenous peoples.
利用北极就是要不断提高北极技术的应用水平和能力，不断加强在技术创新、环境保护、资源利用、航道开发等领域的北极活动，促进北极的经济社会发展和改善当地居民的生活条件，实现共同发展。
To develop the Arctic, China will improve the capacity and capability in using applied Arctic technology, strengthen technological innovation, environmental protection, resource utilization, and development of shipping routes in the Arctic, and contribute to the economic and social development of the Arctic, improve the living conditions of the local people and strive for common development.
参与治理北极就是要依据规则、通过机制对北极事务和活动进行规范和管理。对外，中国坚持依据包括《联合国宪章》《联合国海洋法公约》和气候变化、环境等领域的国际条约以及国际海事组织有关规则在内的现有国际法框架，通过全球、区域、多边和双边机制应对各类传统与非传统安全挑战，构建和维护公正、合理、有序的北极治理体系。对内，中国坚持依法规范和管理国内北极事务和活动，稳步增强认识、保护和利用北极的能力，积极参与北极事务国际合作。
To participate in the governance of the Arctic, China will participate in regulating and managing the affairs and activities relating to the Arctic on the basis of rules and mechanisms. Internationally, China is committed to the existing framework of international law including the UN Charter, UNCLOS, treaties on climate change and the environment, and relevant rules of the International Maritime Organization, and to addressing various traditional and non-traditional security threats through global, regional, multilateral and bilateral mechanisms, and to building and maintaining a just, reasonable and well-organized Arctic governance system. Domestically, China will regulate and manage Arctic-related affairs and activities within its jurisdiction in accordance with the law, steadily enhance its ability to understand, protect and develop the Arctic, and actively participate in international cooperation in Arctic affairs.
通过认识北极、保护北极、利用北极和参与治理北极，中国致力于同各国一道，在北极领域推动构建人类命运共同体。中国在追求本国利益时，将顾及他国利益和国际社会整体利益，兼顾北极保护与发展，平衡北极当前利益与长远利益，以推动北极的可持续发展。
Through all the above efforts to understand, protect, develop and participate in the governance of the Arctic, China will work with all other countries to build a community with a shared future for mankind in the Arctic region. While pursuing its own interests, China will pay due regard to the interests of other countries and the broader international community, bear in mind the importance of the protection and development of the Arctic, and of keeping in proper balance its current and long-term interests, so as to promote the sustainable development of the Arctic.
为了实现上述政策目标，中国本着“尊重、合作、共赢、可持续”的基本原则参与北极事务。
In order to realize the above-mentioned policy goals, China will participate in Arctic affairs in accordance with the basic principles of “respect, cooperation, win-win result and sustainability”.
尊重是中国参与北极事务的重要基础。尊重就是要相互尊重，包括各国都应遵循《联合国宪章》《联合国海洋法公约》等国际条约和一般国际法，尊重北极国家在北极享有的主权、主权权利和管辖权，尊重北极土著人的传统和文化，也包括尊重北极域外国家依法在北极开展活动的权利和自由，尊重国际社会在北极的整体利益。
“Respect” is the key basis for China’s participation in Arctic affairs. Respect should be reciprocal. It means all States should abide by international treaties such as the UN Charter and the UNCLOS, as well as general international law. They should respect the sovereignty, sovereign rights, and jurisdiction enjoyed by the Arctic States in this region, respect the tradition and culture of the indigenous peoples, as well as respect the rights and freedom of non-Arctic States to carry out activities in this region in accordance with the law, and respect the overall interests of the international community in the Arctic.
合作是中国参与北极事务的有效途径。合作就是要在北极建立多层次、全方位、宽领域的合作关系。通过全球、区域、多边和双边等多层次的合作形式，推动北极域内外国家、政府间国际组织、非国家实体等众多利益攸关方共同参与，在气候变化、科研、环保、航道、资源、人文等领域进行全方位的合作。
“Cooperation” is an effective means for China’s participation in Arctic affairs. It means establishing a relationship of multi-level, omni-dimensional and wide-ranging cooperation in this area. Through global, regional, multilateral and bilateral channels, all stakeholders – including States from both inside and outside the Arctic, intergovernmental organizations, and non-state entities – are encouraged to take part in cooperation on climate change, scientific research, environmental protection, shipping route development, resource utilization and cultural activities.
共赢是中国参与北极事务的价值追求。共赢就是要在北极事务各利益攸关方之间追求互利互惠，以及在各活动领域之间追求和谐共进。不仅要实现各参与方之间的共赢，确保北极国家、域外国家和非国家实体的普惠，并顾及北极居民和土著人群体的利益，而且要实现北极各领域活动的协调发展，确保北极的自然保护和社会发展相统一。
“Win-win result” is the value pursuit of China’s participation in Arctic affairs. It means all stakeholders in this area should pursue mutual benefit and common progress in all fields of activities. Such cooperation should ensure that the benefits are shared by both Arctic and non-Arctic States as well as by non-state entities, and should accommodate the interests of local residents including the indigenous peoples. It should also help to promote coordinated development of activities in all fields to ensure the harmony between natural conservation and social development.
可持续是中国参与北极事务的根本目标。可持续就是要在北极推动环境保护、资源开发利用和人类活动的可持续性，致力于北极的永续发展。实现北极人与自然的和谐共存，实现生态环境保护与经济社会发展的有机协调，实现开发利用与管理保护的平衡兼顾，实现当代人利益与后代人利益的代际公平。
“Sustainability” is the fundamental goal of China’s participation in Arctic affairs. This means promoting the sustainable development of the Arctic by ensuring the sustainability of environmental protection, resource utilization and human activities in the area. It means realizing harmonious coexistence between man and nature, better coordination between ecological protection, economic growth and social progress, better balance between utilization, management and protection, and intergenerational equity.
