3．参与渔业等生物资源的养护和利用
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/4411.html
(3) Participating in conservation and utilization of fisheries and other living resources文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/4411.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/4411.html
鱼类资源受气候变化等因素影响出现向北迁移趋势，北冰洋未来可能成为新渔场。中国在北冰洋公海渔业问题上一贯坚持科学养护、合理利用的立场，主张各国依法享有在北冰洋公海从事渔业资源研究和开发利用活动的权利，同时承担养护渔业资源和保护生态系统的义务。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/4411.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/4411.html
As fish stocks have shown a tendency to move northwards due to climate change and other factors, the Arctic has the potential to become a new fishing ground in the future. As regards fishing in the high seas in the Arctic Ocean, China has consistently held a firm stance in favor of conservation in a scientific manner and of rational use, and maintains that, while enjoying their lawful right to conduct fisheries research and development in the high seas in the Arctic Ocean, all States should fulfill their obligations to conserve the fishery resources and the ecosystem in the region.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/4411.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/4411.html
中国支持就北冰洋公海渔业管理制定有法律拘束力的国际协定，支持基于《联合国海洋法公约》建立北冰洋公海渔业管理组织或出台有关制度安排。中国致力于加强对北冰洋公海渔业资源的调查与研究，适时开展探捕活动，建设性地参与北冰洋公海渔业治理。中国愿加强与北冰洋沿岸国合作研究、养护和开发渔业资源。中国坚持保护北极生物多样性，倡导透明合理地勘探和使用北极遗传资源，公平公正地分享和利用遗传资源产生的惠益。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/4411.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/4411.html
China supports efforts to formulate a legally binding international agreement on the management of fisheries in the high seas portion of the Arctic Ocean. China also supports the establishment of an Arctic fisheries management organization or making other institutional arrangements based on the UNCLOS. China will strengthen survey on and research into the fishery resources in the high seas in the Arctic, carry out appropriate exploratory fishing, and play a constructive part in the management of fisheries in the high seas in the Arctic Ocean. China hopes to strengthen cooperation with the Arctic coastal States on the research, conservation, and utilization of fishery resources. China is committed to properly protecting Arctic biodiversity and advocates transparent and reasonable exploration and utilization of Arctic genetic resources, and fair and equitable sharing and use of the benefits generated by the exploitation of such resources.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/4411.html
4．参与旅游资源开发
(4) Participating in developing tourism resources
北极旅游是新兴的北极活动，中国是北极游客的来源国之一。中国支持和鼓励企业与北极国家合作开发北极旅游资源，主张不断完善北极旅游安全、保险保障和救援保障体系，切实保障各国游客的安全。坚持对北极旅游从业机构与人员进行培训和监管，致力于提高中国游客的北极环保意识，积极倡导北极的低碳旅游、生态旅游和负责任旅游，推动北极旅游业可持续发展。
Arctic tourism is an emerging industry, and China is a source of tourists to the Arctic. China supports and encourages its enterprises to cooperate with Arctic States in developing tourism in the region, and calls for continuous efforts to enhance security, insurance, and rescue systems to ensure the safety of tourists in the Arctic. China conducts training for and regulates Chinese tourism agencies and professionals involved in Arctic tourism, and endeavors to raise the environmental awareness of Chinese tourists. China advocates low-carbon tourism, ecotourism, and responsible tourism, and hopes to contribute to the sustainable development of Arctic tourism.
中国坚持在尊重北极地区居民和土著人的传统和文化，保护其独特的生活方式和价值观，以及尊重北极国家为加强北极地区居民能力建设、促进经济社会发展、提高教育和医疗水平所作努力的前提下，参与北极资源开发利用，使北极地区居民和土著人成为北极开发的真正受益者。
China takes part in the development and utilization of Arctic resources on the condition of respecting the traditions and cultures of the Arctic residents including the indigenous peoples, preserving their unique lifestyles and values, and respecting the efforts made by the Arctic States to empower the local citizens, foster their social and economic progress, and improve education and medical services, so that the Arctic residents, including the indigenous peoples, will truly benefit from the development of Arctic resources.
（四）积极参与北极治理和国际合作
- Participating Actively in Arctic governance and international cooperation
中国主张构建和完善北极治理机制。坚持依法规范、管理和监督中国公民、法人或者其他组织的北极活动，努力确保相关活动符合国际法并尊重有关国家在环境保护、资源养护和可持续利用方面的国内法，切实加强中国北极对外政策和事务的统筹协调。在此基础上，中国积极参与北极国际治理，坚持维护以《联合国宪章》和《联合国海洋法公约》为核心的现行北极国际治理体系，努力在北极国际规则的制定、解释、适用和发展中发挥建设性作用，维护各国和国际社会的共同利益。
China is committed to improving and complementing the Arctic governance regime. China has worked to regulate and supervise the activities of Chinese citizens, legal persons or other organizations in the Arctic in accordance with the law to ensure that their activities accord with international law and respect the relevant national laws on environmental protection, resource conservation, and sustainable development. And it has endeavored to strengthen overall coordination of its Arctic policy and related affairs. Furthermore, China takes an active part in the international governance of the Arctic. China upholds the current Arctic governance system with the UN Charter and the UNCLOS as its core, plays a constructive part in the making, interpretation, application and development of international rules regarding the Arctic, and safeguards the common interests of all nations and the international community.
中国主张稳步推进北极国际合作。加强共建“一带一路”倡议框架下关于北极领域的国际合作，坚持共商、共建、共享原则，重点开展以政策沟通、设施联通、贸易畅通、资金融通、民心相通为主要内容的务实合作，包括加强与北极国家发展战略对接、积极推动共建经北冰洋连接欧洲的蓝色经济通道、积极促进北极数字互联互通和逐步构建国际性基础设施网络等。中方愿与各方以北极为纽带增进共同福祉、发展共同利益。
China stands for steadily advancing international cooperation on the Arctic. It has worked to strengthen such cooperation under the Belt and Road Initiative according to the principle of extensive consultation, joint contribution and shared benefits and emphasized policy coordination, infrastructure connectivity, unimpeded trade, financial integration, and closer people-to-people ties. Concrete cooperation steps include coordinating development strategies with the Arctic States, encouraging joint efforts to build a blue economic passage linking China and Europe via the Arctic Ocean, enhancing Arctic digital connectivity, and building a global infrastructure network. China hopes to work for the common good of all parties and further common interests through the Arctic.
在全球层面，中国积极参与全球环境、气候变化、国际海事、公海渔业管理等领域的规则制定，依法全面履行相关国际义务。中国不断加强与各国和国际组织的环保合作，大力推进节能减排和绿色低碳发展，积极推动全球应对气候变化进程与合作，坚持公平、共同但有区别的责任原则和各自能力原则，推动发达国家履行在《联合国气候变化框架公约》《京都议定书》《巴黎协定》中作出的承诺，为发展中国家应对气候变化提供支持。中国建设性地参与国际海事组织事务，积极履行保障海上航行安全、防止船舶对海洋环境造成污染等国际责任。中国主张加强国际海事技术合作，在国际海事组织框架内寻求全球协调一致的海运温室气体减排解决方案。中国积极参与北冰洋公海渔业管理问题相关谈判，主张通过制定有法律拘束力的国际协定管理北冰洋公海渔业资源，允许在北冰洋公海开展渔业科学研究和探捕活动，各国依据国际法享有的公海自由不受影响。
At the global level, China actively participates in the formulation of rules concerning the global environment, climate change, international maritime issues, and high seas fisheries management, and fulfills all its international obligations in accordance with the law. China expands cooperation with various States and international organizations in environmental protection, and promotes energy conservation, emissions reduction, and low-carbon development. China also promotes global cooperation in tackling climate change, and upholds the principles of equity, common but differentiated responsibilities, and respective capabilities. It urges developed countries to fulfill their commitments under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, the Kyoto Protocol, and the Paris Agreement, and provides support to fellow developing countries in addressing climate change. China plays a constructive role in the work of the International Maritime Organization, and makes solid efforts to fulfill its international responsibilities for ensuring maritime navigational security and preventing its ships from polluting the maritime environment. China advocates stronger international cooperation in maritime technology and a globally coordinated solution to reducing greenhouse gas emissions from maritime transport under the International Maritime Organization framework. China takes an active part in negotiations over high seas fisheries regulation in the Arctic, and calls for a legally binding international agreement for managing fishery resources in the high seas portion of the Arctic. The agreement should allow scientific research and exploratory fishing activities in the high seas portion of the Arctic, and protect the freedom of all States on the high seas in accordance with international law.
在区域层面，中国积极参与政府间北极区域性机制。中国是北极理事会正式观察员，高度重视北极理事会在北极事务中发挥的积极作用，认可北极理事会是关于北极环境与可持续发展等问题的主要政府间论坛。中国信守申请成为北极理事会观察员时所作各项承诺，全力支持北极理事会工作，委派专家参与北极理事会及其工作组和特别任务组的活动，尊重北极理事会通过的《北极海空搜救合作协定》《北极海洋油污预防与反应合作协定》《加强北极国际科学合作协定》。中国支持通过北极科技部长会议等平台开展国际合作。
At the regional level, China takes an active part in Arctic inter-governmental mechanisms. China, as an accredited observer to the Arctic Council, highly values the Council’s positive role in Arctic affairs, and recognizes it as the main inter-governmental forum on issues regarding the environment and sustainable development of the Arctic. China stands by the commitments it made when applying to become an observer to the Council. It fully supports the work of the Council, and dispatches experts to participate in the work of the Council including its Working Groups and Task Forces. China respects the Agreement on Cooperation on Aeronautical and Maritime Search and Rescue in the Arctic, the Agreement on Cooperation on Marine Oil Pollution Preparedness and Response in the Arctic, and the Agreement on Enhancing International Arctic Scientific Cooperation, all adopted by the Arctic Council. China also supports international cooperation through such platforms as the Arctic Science Ministerial Meeting.
在多边和双边层面，中国积极推动在北极各领域的务实合作，特别是大力开展在气候变化、科考、环保、生态、航道和资源开发、海底光缆建设、人文交流和人才培养等领域的沟通与合作。中国主张在北极国家与域外国家之间建立合作伙伴关系，已与所有北极国家开展北极事务双边磋商。2010年，中美建立了海洋法和极地事务年度对话机制。自2013年起，中俄持续举行北极事务对话。2012年，中国与冰岛签署《中华人民共和国政府与冰岛共和国政府关于北极合作的框架协议》，这是中国与北极国家缔结的首份北极领域专门协议。中国重视发展与其他北极域外国家之间的合作，已同英国、法国开展双边海洋法和极地事务对话。2016年，中国、日本、韩国启动北极事务高级别对话，推动三国在加强北极国际合作、开展科学研究和探索商业合作等方面交流分享相关政策、实践和经验。
At the bilateral and multilateral levels, China promotes practical cooperation in all fields, especially regarding climate change, scientific expeditions, environmental protection, ecosystems, shipping routes, resource development, submarine fiber-optic cables, cultural exchanges, and capacity building. China proposes to form cooperative partnerships between Arctic and non-Arctic States, and has carried out bilateral consultations on Arctic affairs with all Arctic States. In 2010, China and the United States set up an annual dialogue mechanism for bilateral dialogues on the law of the sea and polar issues. Since 2013, China and Russia have been conducting dialogues on Arctic issues. In 2012, China and Iceland signed the Framework Agreement on Arctic Cooperation, which was the first inter-governmental agreement on Arctic issues between China and an Arctic State. China also values cooperation with other non-Arctic States. It has conducted bilateral dialogues on the law of the sea and polar issues with the United Kingdom and France. In 2016, China, Japan and the Republic of Korea launched high-level trilateral dialogues on Arctic issues to promote exchanges on policies, practices, and experience regarding Arctic international cooperation, scientific research, and commercial cooperation.
中国支持各利益攸关方共同参与北极治理和国际合作。支持“北极－对话区域”、北极圈论坛、“北极前沿”、中国－北欧北极研究中心等平台在促进各利益攸关方交流合作方面发挥作用。支持科研机构和企业发挥自身优势参与北极治理，鼓励科研机构与外国智库、学术机构开展交流和对话，支持企业依法有序参与北极商业开发和利用。
China supports the participation of all Arctic stakeholders in Arctic governance and international cooperation. China supports platforms such as “The Arctic: Territory of Dialogue”, “The Arctic Circle”, “Arctic Frontiers”, “The China-Nordic Arctic Research Center”, in promoting exchanges and cooperation among the stakeholders. China also supports the participation of research institutions and enterprises in Arctic governance with their own expertise put to good use. China encourages research institutions to communicate with foreign think tanks and academic institutions, and supports enterprises to participate in the commercial development and utilization of the Arctic in a lawful and orderly manner.
（五）促进北极和平与稳定
- Promoting peace and stability in the Arctic
北极的和平与稳定是各国开展各类北极活动的重要保障，符合包括中国在内的世界各国的根本利益。中国主张和平利用北极，致力于维护和促进北极的和平与稳定，保护北极地区人员和财产安全，保障海上贸易、海上作业和运输安全。中国支持有关各方依据《联合国宪章》《联合国海洋法公约》等国际条约和一般国际法，通过和平方式解决涉北极领土和海洋权益争议，支持有关各方维护北极安全稳定的努力。中国致力于加强与北极国家在海空搜救、海上预警、应急反应、情报交流等方面的国际合作，妥善应对海上事故、环境污染、海上犯罪等安全挑战。
Peace and stability in the Arctic provides a significant guarantee for all activities in the region, and serves the fundamental interest of all countries including China. China calls for the peaceful utilization of the Arctic and commits itself to maintaining peace and stability, protecting lives and property, and ensuring the security of maritime trade, operations and transport in the region. China supports the peaceful settlement of disputes over territory and maritime rights and interests by all parties concerned in accordance with such treaties as the UN Charter and the UNCLOS and general international law, and supports efforts to safeguard security and stability in the region. China strives to reinforce cooperation with the Arctic States in maritime and air search and rescue, maritime early warning, emergency response, and information sharing in order to properly handle security challenges such as maritime accidents, environmental pollution, and maritime crimes.
