二、新时代对外工作面临新形势新任务新要求
II. New circumstances, new tasks, and new requirements facing China’s diplomacy in the new era文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/4564.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/4564.html
党的十九大科学分析国内国际形势及其发展趋势，准确把握我国历史方位和国际地位，系统回答了中国推动建设什么样的世界、构建什么样的国际关系等重大问题，明确了对外工作的目标使命、中心任务、方针原则和战略部署，为新时代中国特色大国外交作出了顶层设计、开辟了前进道路。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/4564.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/4564.html
The Congress analyzed the international and domestic situations and development trends, accurately identifying the historic juncture and international standing of our country. It also systematically answered a range of major questions, including what kind of world China wants to help shape and what kind of international relations China wants to forge. In so doing, it specified the target, mission, central tasks, principles, and strategies of China’s diplomatic initiatives, thus laying out the top-level design and blazing a path ahead for carrying out China’s major country diplomacy in the new era.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/4564.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/4564.html
（一）科学判断新时代中国外交面临的国际形势文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/4564.html
1. Making a well-founded assessment of the international situation facing China’s diplomacy in the new era文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/4564.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/4564.html
十九大报告全面客观辩证地分析了我国所处的国际环境，作出了世界正处于大发展大变革大调整时期、和平与发展仍然是时代主题、我国发展仍处于重要战略机遇期等重大论断。这是我们谋划开展对外工作的基本出发点和立足点。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/4564.html
The report to the 19th Congress offers an overall, objective and dialectical analysis of the international environment facing China and makes a range of major assessments, including that although the world is undergoing major developments, transformation, and adjustment, peace and development remain the themes and China is still in the midst of a period of strategic opportunity. These assessments serve as the grounding and launch pad for all of our diplomatic initiatives.
和平与发展仍然是时代主题。世界各国越来越成为相互依存、你中有我、我中有你的命运共同体，没有哪个国家能够独自应对人类面临的各种挑战，也没有哪个国家能够退回到自我封闭的孤岛。求和平、谋发展、促合作、图共赢，是各国人民的共同期待，也是不可阻挡、不可逆转的时代潮流。
Peace and development remain the call of our day. The world has increasingly become a mutually-dependent and closely-interconnected community with a shared future. No country can address the many challenges facing humanity on its own, nor can any country afford to retreat into self-isolation. To pursue peace, development and mutually beneficial cooperation is the common aspiration shared by the people of all countries and also an inviolable and irreversible trend.
当今世界正在发生前所未有的深刻变革。世界多极化、经济全球化、社会信息化、文化多样化深入发展，新兴市场国家和广大发展中国家快速崛起，推动国际力量对比更趋均衡，也日益重塑国际关系理论和实践。加强全球治理、推动全球治理体系变革既是形势所需，也是大势所趋。
Today’s world is undergoing profound and unprecedented changes. The trends of global multi-polarity, economic globalization, informatization of society, and cultural diversity are surging forward and emerging markets and numerous developing countries are rising rapidly, thus driving a rebalancing of global power and gradually reshaping the theory and practice of modern international relations. Therefore, strengthening global governance and reforming the global governance system are an imperative and general trend.
世界面临的不稳定性不确定性突出。世界经济增长动能不足，贫富分化日益严重，地区热点问题此起彼伏，恐怖主义、网络安全、重大传染性疾病、气候变化等非传统安全威胁持续蔓延，人类面临许多共同挑战。这些既是影响世界稳定安宁的主要因素，也凸显各国携手共建人类命运共同体的必要性和紧迫性。
Yet, as a world we face growing uncertainties and destabilizing factors. Global economic growth lacks energy; the gap between rich and poor continues to widen; hotspot issues often arise in some regions; and unconventional security threats like terrorism, cyber-insecurity, major infectious diseases, and climate change continue to spread. As human beings we have many common challenges to face. These not only compose the major factors influencing world stability and peace, but also highlight the necessity and urgency for all countries to work together to build a community with a shared future for humanity.
综合判断，当前和今后一个时期，国际形势将继续处于深刻复杂变化之中，我国发展仍处于重要战略机遇期，前景十分光明，挑战也十分严峻。我们要坚定信心、锐意进取、居安思危、奋力前行，在风云变幻的国际局势中始终保持战略定力，掌握战略主动。
Our overall assessment is that the world is now in the midst of profound and complex changes and will be so for a time to come; China is still in an important period of strategic opportunity for development; and the prospects are bright but the challenges are severe. We should, therefore, develop unshakable confidence, forge ahead with determination and be alert to dangers even in times of calm, so as to maintain strategic resolve and seize the strategic initiative in the face of a volatile international situation.
（二）明确提出新时代中国外交的目标使命
2. Laying out the target and mission of China’s diplomacy in the new era
十九大报告指出：“中国共产党是为中国人民谋幸福的政党，也是为人类进步事业而奋斗的政党。中国共产党始终把为人类作出新的更大的贡献作为自己的使命。”这宣示了新时代中国特色大国外交的目标使命，表明中国外交不仅以为中国人民谋幸福为己任，也将为人类社会共同进步展现更大担当。
The report to the 19th National Congress points out that, “The Communist Party of China strives for both the wellbeing of the Chinese people and human progress. To make new and greater contributions for mankind is our Party’s abiding mission.” This statement specifies the target and mission of China’s major country diplomacy in the new era, and clarifies that China’s diplomacy takes as its duty both seeking prosperity for the Chinese people, and also working for the common progress of human society.
实现中华民族伟大复兴、带领人民创造美好生活是我们党矢志不渝的历史使命和奋斗目标。新时代中国特色大国外交就是要紧紧围绕党和国家工作大局，坚定维护国家主权、安全、发展利益，为和平发展创造更加有利的国际环境，维护和延长我国发展的重要战略机遇期，为实现“两个一百年”奋斗目标、实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦、实现人民对美好生活的向往提供有力支持和保障。
Realizing the national rejuvenation and leading the people in the pursuit of a better life is our Party’s abiding goal and historic mission. Implementing China’s major country diplomacy in the new era precisely means defending China’s sovereignty, security, and development interests with resolve and with a focus on the overall concerns of the Party and the country. In so doing, China’s major country diplomacy in the new era creates a more favorable international environment for peaceful development that preserves and extends the important period of strategic opportunity for development. This in turn provides a strong support and guarantee for delivering on the “Two Centenary Goals” and realizing the Chinese Dream of national rejuvenation and the people’s aspirations for a better life.
中国人民的梦想同各国人民的梦想息息相通，中国梦造福中国人民，也造福世界人民。中国将在新的发展征程中，为世界和平与发展作出应有的贡献。我们将通过自身稳定发展和对外开放，为世界发展提供新动力；通过中国特色社会主义道路、理论、制度和文化建设，为人类政治文明进步作出新探索；通过建设性参与解决国际地区问题，为世界变局注入更多稳定性和确定性；通过推动全球治理体系变革，为世界长远发展贡献更多中国智慧和力量。
The Chinese Dream is closely connected with the dreams of the people of other countries; the Chinese Dream will benefit all. On this new journey of development in the new era China will continue to make its due contributions to world peace and development. We will provide new impetus for world development through our own stable development and opening up; conduct new inquiries into humanity’s political advancement through developing the path, theory, system, and culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics; inject more stability and certainty into the world situation by being constructive in resolving international and regional issues; and contribute more Chinese wisdom and strength to long-term global development by driving the reform of the global governance system.
（三）深入阐明新时代中国外交的中心任务
3. Expounding the central task of China’s diplomacy in the new era
十九大报告明确提出，中国特色大国外交要推动构建新型国际关系、推动构建人类命运共同体，并将坚持推动构建人类命运共同体作为新时代坚持和发展中国特色社会主义的14条基本方略之一。
The report to the Congress makes it clear that China’s major country diplomacy aims to foster a new type of international relations and build a community with a shared future for humanity. Moreover, promoting this aim is identified as one of the 14 points constituting the basic policy for upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era.
构建人类命运共同体，就是各国要同心协力建设持久和平、普遍安全、共同繁荣、开放包容、清洁美丽的世界。这一思想为人类社会实现共同发展、持续繁荣、长治久安绘制了蓝图，反映了中外优秀文化和全人类共同价值追求，指明了国际社会的前进方向，对中国和平发展、世界繁荣进步都具有重大而深远的意义。这一思想继承和发展了新中国不同时期重大外交思想和主张，是当代中国外交重大创新成果，是中国对世界的重要思想和理论贡献，已多次被联合国文件引用，产生日益广泛而深远的影响。
Building a community with a shared future for humanity calls for all people to work together to build an open, inclusive, clean, and beautiful world that enjoys lasting peace, universal security, and common prosperity. This idea sets forth a blueprint for realizing the common development, sustainable prosperity, and enduring peace and stability of human society. It reflects the excellence of cultures both Chinese and foreign, and common pursuits for the values of all humanity. It indicates the direction in which the international community should proceed, and is thus of far-reaching significance to China’s peace and development and global prosperity and progress. This idea is a continuation and development of China’s major diplomatic thought and propositions in different periods since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, a major theoretical innovation of contemporary China’s diplomacy, and an important theory which China contributes to the world; it has been mentioned in UN documents and its influence is far-reaching.
推动建设相互尊重、公平正义、合作共赢的新型国际关系，是通往人类命运共同体的基本路径。构建新型国际关系，就是要倡导各国秉持相互尊重原则，共同追求国际关系和国际秩序的公平正义，携手合作、同舟共济、互利共赢。相互尊重是前提，公平正义是准则，合作共赢是目标。构建新型国际关系的实质，就是要走出一条国与国交往的新路，为构建人类命运共同体开辟道路、积累条件。
A new form of international relations characterized by mutual respect, fairness, justice, and mutual benefit is the basic path toward a community of shared future for humanity. Forging a new form of international relations calls for all countries, by upholding the principle of mutual respect, to cooperate in pursuing fair and just international relations and order, to stick together through thick and thin, and to achieve mutual benefit. Mutual respect is the precondition, fairness and justice is the guideline, and achieving mutual benefit is the target. The essence of this new form of international relations is to blaze a trail for developing state-to-state relations, and to pave the way and create conditions for building a community of shared future for humanity.
（四）丰富发展新时代中国外交的方针原则
4. Enriching and developing the guiding principles of China’s diplomacy in the new era
十九大报告重申，中国将高举和平、发展、合作、共赢的旗帜，恪守维护世界和平、促进共同发展的外交政策宗旨，坚定奉行独立自主的和平外交政策，坚定不移在和平共处五项原则基础上发展同各国的友好合作。这些外交方针原则充分体现了中国对外政策的稳定性和连续性，顺应时代潮流，经过实践检验，是中国外交必须长期坚持的基本方针。
The report to the Congress reiterates China’s continued commitment to peace, development, cooperation, and mutual benefit, and to a fundamental foreign policy goal of preserving world peace and common development. It also states that China remains firmly committed to pursuing an independent foreign policy of peace and to strengthening friendship and cooperation with other countries on the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence. These guidelines for China’s diplomacy have been tested through practice and fully demonstrate the consistency and continuity of China’s foreign policies as well as their adaptability to contemporary trends. China must uphold these basic principles in its diplomacy for the long term.
同时，十九大报告针对新的形势变化和时代特征，进一步丰富和发展了和平发展战略思想。不仅强调中国始终不渝走和平发展道路、奉行互利共赢的开放战略，还突出坚持正确义利观，树立共同、综合、合作、可持续的新安全观；中国决不会以牺牲别国利益为代价来发展自己，也决不放弃自己的正当权益，任何人不要幻想让中国吞下损害自身利益的苦果；中国无论发展到什么程度，永远不称霸，永远不搞扩张，始终做世界和平的建设者、全球发展的贡献者、国际秩序的维护者。这是中国向世界作出的庄严承诺，反映了中国人民坚持和平发展的坚定决心、战略抉择和真诚愿望，是新时代中国外交的重要遵循和依归。
Meanwhile, the report to the Congress further adds to and develops China’s strategy of peaceful development in accordance with the new changes and features of the new era. The report not only stresses that China will stay on the path of peaceful development and remain committed to its mutually beneficial strategy of opening-up, but also highlights that it will uphold the greater good while pursuing shared interests, and will foster new thinking on common, comprehensive, cooperative, and sustainable security. It states that China will never pursue development at the expense of others’ interests, nor will China ever give up its own legitimate rights and interests. It emphasizes in particular that no one should expect China to swallow any affront to its interests. In addition, the report promises that regardless its stage of development, China will never seek hegemony or engage in expansion, and will continue to safeguard world peace, contribute to global development, and uphold international order. This is a solemn promise that China has made to the world, reflecting the firm commitment of the Chinese people to peaceful development. At the same time, this is the strategic choice and sincere wish of the Chinese people and the major principle by which China’s diplomacy in the new era must abide.
（五）全面深化新时代中国外交的战略部署
5. Furthering all aspects of the strategic plan for China’s diplomacy in the new era
十九大报告对新时代对外工作重点任务作出了战略部署，提出了明确要求。
The report to the Congress draws up a strategic plan and raises clear requirements for performing the major tasks of China’s diplomatic initiatives in the new era.
不断完善外交布局，打造全球伙伴关系网络。推进大国协调和合作，构建总体稳定、均衡发展的大国关系框架，按照亲诚惠容理念和与邻为善、以邻为伴周边外交方针深化同周边国家关系，秉持正确义利观和真实亲诚理念加强同发展中国家团结合作。这是中国不结盟政策的继承和发展，打破了非友即敌、结盟或对抗的冷战思维，为引领国家间关系提供了新思想、新模式。
China will continue to improve its diplomatic layout and build a network of global partnerships. Therefore, it will promote coordination and cooperation with other major countries and work to build a framework for major country relations characterized by overall stability and balanced development. China will deepen relations with its neighbors according to the principles of amity, sincerity, mutual benefit, and inclusiveness and the policy of forging friendships and partnerships with its neighbors. China will, guided by the principle of upholding the greater good while pursuing shared interests and the principle of sincerity, real results, affinity, and good faith, work to strengthen solidary and cooperation with other developing countries. This continues and develops China’s diplomatic policy of never entering into an alliance with any other country, which transcends the Cold War mentality that “if you are not my friend, you are my enemy.” This provides a new way of thinking about relations between countries and new models for handling them.
坚持不懈推进“一带一路”建设，进一步深化全方位对外开放格局。坚持对外开放的基本国策，坚持打开国门搞建设，把“一带一路”与构建人类命运共同体更加紧密结合起来，与落实2030年可持续发展议程紧密结合起来，打造国际合作新平台，增强共同发展新动力。这将有力促进区域经济一体化和区域合作，为世界提供更多互利共赢的合作契机。
China will remain firmly committed to the Belt and Road Initiative and further open up to the outside world on all fronts. To this end, China will adhere to the fundamental national policy of opening up and pursue development with open doors. China will closely integrate the Belt and Road Initiative with both building a community with a shared future for humanity and honoring the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development so as to build a new platform for international cooperation and create new drivers of shared development. This will boost regional economic integration and regional cooperation, and provide the world with more opportunities for mutually beneficial cooperation.
深度参与全球治理，积极引导国际秩序变革方向。秉持共商共建共享的全球治理观，推动全球治理体系朝着更加公正合理方向发展。倡导国际关系民主化，支持联合国发挥积极作用，支持扩大发展中国家的代表性和发言权。这体现了中国作为现行国际体系的参与者、建设者、贡献者的价值取向，是中国作为负责任大国对世界作出的重要贡献。
China will deepen its involvement in global governance and work to guide the reform of the international order. For this purpose, China will follow the principle of achieving shared growth through discussion and collaboration in global governance and push the global governance system in a more just and equitable direction. China will stand for democracy in international relations, and support the active role of the United Nations, as well as the efforts of other developing countries to increase their representation and strengthen their voice. This shows the role played by China as a participant in, shaper of, and contributor to the current international system and marks an important contribution made by China to the world as a major country with a strong sense of responsibility.
上述形势判断、目标使命、中心任务、方针原则和战略部署五位一体，构成新时代中国特色大国外交的基本架构体系，其中推动构建人类命运共同体、坚持正确义利观、遵循共商共建共享原则、推进“一带一路”建设等核心内容已写入党章，成为习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的重要组成部分，指引中国外交不断乘风破浪、胜利前进。
The five aspects mentioned above, including the situational assessment, target and mission, central tasks, guiding principles, and strategy, form the basic framework of China’s major country diplomacy in the new era. Among these, some core concepts, such as building a community with a shared future, upholding the greater good while pursuing shared interests, the principle of achieving shared growth through discussion and collaboration, and the Belt and Road Initiative have been written into the CPC Constitution and incorporated as important components of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. These concepts will guide China’s diplomacy to successfully navigate the waters ahead.
