四、绿色产业稳步发展
IV. Steady Development of Green Industry文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/6023.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/6023.html
为保护脆弱生态环境，青藏高原各省区努力控制资源开发利用强度，在保持良好环境质量和生态文明建设较高公众满意度的同时，努力探索绿色发展途径。目前，青藏高原各省区以循环经济、可再生能源、特色产业为特点的绿色发展模式已初步建立，绿色发展水平不断提高。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/6023.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/6023.html
With the goal of protecting the fragile ecological environment, the provinces and autonomous regions on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau work hard to control the intensity of resource exploitation and utilization. Efforts are made to maintain a good environment and a high degree of public satisfaction with ecological progress, and to achieve green development. An economic model featuring a circular economy, renewable energy, and distinctive industries, is forming on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, signaling an increasing level of green development.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/6023.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/6023.html
绿色生产初具规模文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/6023.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/6023.html
Green production has begun to take shape.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/6023.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/6023.html
青藏高原经济发展坚持走生态环境友好、资源节约集约的道路，努力形成绿色发展方式。
In their efforts to create a green development model, provinces and autonomous regions on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are committed to an eco-friendly path to economic growth involving low and intensive utilization of resources.
国家在青海省设立了柴达木循环经济试验区、西宁经济技术开发区2个国家级循环经济试点产业园。柴达木循环经济试验区形成了盐湖化工、油气化工、金属冶金、煤炭综合利用、新能源、新材料、特色生物等产业，园区资源集约利用水平不断提升；西宁经济技术开发区基本形成了有色金属、化工、高原生物制品、中药（含藏药）、藏毯绒纺等产业，园区发展的质量和效益不断提高，示范带动作用明显。通过大力推动国家循环经济发展先行区建设，绿色产业框架初步构建，产业链条不断延伸，基础设施逐步完善。
The state has established two national circular economy pilot industrial parks in Qinghai Province – Qaidam Circular Economy Pilot Area and Xining Economic and Technological Development Zone. Industrial activities in Qaidam Circular Economy Pilot Area include salt lake chemical, oil and gas chemical, metallurgy, comprehensive utilization of coal, new energy, new materials and special biological industries, with more intensive utilization of the local resources. Xining Economic and Technological Development Zone features nonferrous metals, chemicals, alpine biological products, traditional Chinese medicine (including Tibetan medicine), Tibetan carpets, playing a leading and exemplary role in improving the quality and increasing the benefits of development. A basic green industry framework is now in place, extending the industrial chain and improving the infrastructure.
西藏自治区依托资源优势，加快产业结构优化升级，制定了《西藏自治区循环经济发展规划（2013－2020年）》，大力发展清洁能源、旅游、文化、特色食品、天然饮用水以及交通运输、商贸物流、金融、信息服务等绿色低碳经济。2016年，拉萨市被列为国家循环经济示范城市，目前正按照国家审定的《西藏自治区拉萨市循环经济示范城市创建实施方案》推进试点示范建设。
Based on its resource strengths, the Tibet Autonomous Region has been endeavoring to optimize and upgrade its industrial structure. It has worked out the Circular Economy Development Plan of the Tibet Autonomous Region (2013-2020). Efforts are focused on clean energy, tourism, culture, characteristic foods, natural drinking water, transport, commerce, logistics, finance, information services, and other green low-carbon economic activities. In 2016 Lhasa was designated as a national demonstration city for the circular economy, and is now working in accordance with the Establishing the Implementation Plan of Circular Economy Demonstration City for Lhasa of the Tibet Autonomous Region.
云南省迪庆州依托优势资源，实施食品、药品、饮品、观赏品4大工程和绿色产业园区建设，全州生物产业呈现蓬勃发展的态势。甘肃省甘南州按照区域生态功能区的定位，确立“生态立州”战略，明确了绿色产业发展方向。
Relying on its resource strengths, Yunnan Province’s Deqen Prefecture is focusing on four major sectors (foods, drugs, beverages and ornamental products) and on the construction of green industrial parks, along with a burgeoning biological industry. In accordance with the ecological functions of local areas, Gansu Province’s Gannan Prefecture has developed a strategy of “building an eco-friendly prefecture”, and defined the future direction of green industry.
特色农牧业优势凸显
Unique strengths of local agriculture and animal husbandry have become increasingly outstanding.
青藏高原各省区着力发展特色农牧业，培育绿色、有机农畜产品品牌，建设生态农牧业试验区。特色农牧业已成为青藏高原绿色经济的重要组成部分。
Provinces and autonomous regions on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau focus on unique agriculture and animal husbandry, cultivating green and organic agricultural and livestock products and brands, and building pilot areas for ecological agriculture and animal husbandry. These have become an important part of the green economy on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
2004年以来，国家累计投入30余亿元，在西藏实施青稞、牦牛、藏药材等10多类450多个农牧业特色产业项目，培育龙头企业100多家，实现农牧民增收11.82亿元，使175.4万人受益。西藏自治区推动地理标志产品认证，培育特色品牌，加快特色农牧产业发展。目前已有帕里牦牛、岗巴羊、隆子黑青稞、察隅猕猴桃、波密天麻等10多个农牧地理标志保护产品获得国家有关部门认证。
Since 2004, the state has invested more than RMB3 billion in Tibet, directed to more than 450 projects in 10 categories related to agriculture and animal husbandry unique to the region, including highland barley, yak-breeding, and traditional Tibetan medicine. More than 100 leading enterprises have emerged as a result, increasing the incomes of local farmers and herdsmen by RMB1.18 billion and benefiting 1.75 million people. The Tibet Autonomous Region is pressing forward with the certification of products of specified geographical origin, developing unique brands, and speeding up development of animal husbandry and agricultural products. To date, more than 10 farm and pastoral products of specified geographical origin have been certified by relevant government departments, including Pagri yak, Gamba sheep, Lhünzê black highland barley, Zayü kiwi fruit and Bomê Gastrodiaelata.
青海省着力打造粮油种植、畜禽养殖、果品蔬菜和枸杞沙棘“四个百亿元”产业。种植业“粮经饲”三元结构加快优化，全国草地生态畜牧业实验区建设稳步推进，现代农业示范区和产业园加快建设。截至“十二五”末，全省家庭农牧场发展到1879家，各类合作社发展到8876家，培育农牧业龙头企业451家。特色作物种植比重达到85%，农作物、畜禽和水产品良种覆盖率分别达到96%、62%和95%。无公害、绿色和有机农畜产品年生产总量达109万吨，农产品质量追溯体系逐步建立。东部特色种养高效示范区、环湖农牧交错循环发展先行区、青南生态有机畜牧业保护发展区和沿黄冷水养殖适度开发带“三区一带”农牧业发展格局初步形成。
Qinghai Province focuses on four industries, i.e., grain and oil crop, livestock and poultry, fruit and vegetable, and Chinese wolfberry and sea buckthorn. Each of these represents output value of more than RMB10 billion. The speed of optimization of a ternary structure of grain, cash and forage crops is picking up. The building of national grassland ecological animal husbandry pilot areas, modern agriculture demonstration zones and industrial parks are making headway. By the end of the 12th Five-year Plan, there were 1,879 family farms and pastures, 8,876 cooperatives of various types, and 451 leading agriculture and animal husbandry enterprises in Qinghai. Crops unique to the region represented 85 percent of planting by area, and the coverage rate of improved varieties of crops was 96 percent. The corresponding figures for improved breeds of livestock & poultry and aquatic products were 62 percent and 95 percent. The total annual output of eco-friendly green and organic agricultural and livestock products reached 1.09 million tons. An agricultural products quality traceability system has been implemented. A “three areas and one zone” development framework for agriculture and animal husbandry is in place; this refers to a characteristic planting and high efficiency demonstration area in the east, a circular economic development pilot area in a farming-pastoral ecotone area around the lake, an ecological and organic animal husbandry protection and development area in southern Qinghai, and a cold water moderate aquaculture development zone along the Yellow River.
甘肃省甘南州实施藏区青稞基地及产业化工程和高原优质油菜、高原中药材（含藏药材）基地建设，加快发展特色种植业、经济林果业和林下产业。四川省甘孜州、阿坝州实施生态文明建设与发展生态农业有机结合，打造特色农牧业和特色林果业“两个百万亩”产业基地，以及花椒、森林蔬菜、木本药材等特色种植基地。云南省迪庆州高原特色农业种植面积达9.07万公顷，2017年产值达19亿元。
In order to accelerate the development of its growing industry unique to the region, forest & fruit industries, and the industry of byproducts of forests, Gansu Province’s Gannan Prefecture focuses on the building of a highland barley base and barley industrialization project in the Tibetan-inhabited area, construction of the bases of highland quality rape and traditional Chinese medicine (including Tibetan medicine). Sichuan Province’s Garze Prefecture and Aba Prefecture integrate ecological progress with ecological agriculture, construct bases for characteristic agriculture & animal husbandry and the forest & fruit industries each covering a total area of more than 100 million mu (133,400 ha.), and develop planting bases for Chinese prickly ash, forest vegetables, and woody herbs. In 2017, the area for growing crops unique to the locality in Yunnan Province’s Deqen Prefecture reached 90,700 ha., turning out an output value of RMB1.9 billion.
绿色能源产业快速发展
Green energy develops rapidly.
青藏高原拥有丰富的水能、太阳能、地热能等绿色能源。近年来，青藏高原各省区基本构建了以水电、太阳能等为主体的可再生能源产业体系，保障了区域经济发展与环境保护的协调推进。
The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is rich in hydro energy, solar energy, geothermal energy, and other green energies. In recent years, the provinces and autonomous regions on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau have each built its own basic renewable energy industry system focusing on hydroelectricity and solar energy to support the coordinated development of the regional economy and environmental protection.
青藏高原多条大江大河流经高山峡谷，蕴藏着丰富的水能资源。西藏水能资源技术可开发量为1.74亿千瓦，位居全国第一，近年来建成了多布、金河、直孔等中型水电站，至2017年年底，全区水电装机容量达到177万千瓦，占全区总装机容量的56.54%。青海水能资源技术可开发量为2400万千瓦，建成了龙羊峡、拉西瓦、李家峡等一批大型水电工程，至2016年年底，青海省水电装机容量达1192万千瓦。四川省甘孜州和阿坝州水能技术可开发量约5663万千瓦，已建成水电总装机容量达1708万千瓦。
On the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, many big rivers, running through high mountains and canyons, boast significant potential for hydropower development. Tibet leads the country with 174 million kW of potential hydropower. In recent years, Tibet has built three medium-scale hydropower stations, i.e., Duobu, Jinhe and Drigung. By the end of 2017, Tibet’s installed hydropower capacity was 1.77 million kW, accounting for 56.54 percent of the region’s total installed capacity.
With 24 million kW of exploitable hydropower resources, Qinghai Province has built three large hydropower projects, i.e., Longyang Gorge, Laxiwa, and Lijia Gorge. By the end of 2016, Qinghai’s installed hydropower capacity was 11.92 million kW.
Sichuan Province’s Garze Prefecture and Aba Prefecture boast 56.63 million kW of exploitable hydropower, and 17.08 million kW of installed capacity in completed hydropower stations.
青藏高原是世界上太阳能最丰富的地区之一，年太阳总辐射量高达5400－8000兆焦/平方米，比同纬度低海拔地区高50%－100%。青海省在柴达木盆地实施数个百万千瓦级光伏电站群建设工程，打造国际最大规模的光伏电站。至2016年年底，青海光伏发电装机容量达682万千瓦。2014年，西藏被国家列为不受光伏发电建设规模限制的地区，优先支持西藏开发光伏发电项目。到2017年年底，西藏光伏发电装机容量达79万千瓦。四川省甘孜州和阿坝州太阳能可开发量超过2000万千瓦，已建成投产35万千瓦光伏电站。
The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau area is a world-leading source of solar energy, with 5,400-8,000MJ per sq m of annual total solar radiation, 50-100 percent higher than low-elevation areas on the same latitude. Qinghai Province has launched several photovoltaic (PV) power station projects in the Qaidam Basin, each with a capacity of at least one million kW, and is planning to build the world’s largest PV power station. By the end of 2016, Qinghai’s installed PV capacity had reached 6.82 million kW.
In 2014, Tibet received approval from the state to develop PV power stations without limit in scale of construction and enjoying priority state support. By the end of 2017, Tibet’s installed PV capacity was 790,000 kW.
Sichuan Province’s Garze Prefecture and Aba Prefecture have more than 20 million kW of exploitable solar energy, and PV power stations with a total capacity of 350,000 kW are in service.
旅游业助力绿色发展
Tourism boosts green development.
青藏高原独特的自然与人文景观，为旅游业发展提供了丰富资源。旅游发展带动了餐饮、住宿、交通、文化娱乐等产业的发展，促进了文化遗产保护、传统手艺传承和特色产品开发。旅游业已成为青藏高原实现绿色增长和农牧民增收致富的重要途径。
The unique natural and cultural landscape on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau provides rich potential for tourism, encouraging the catering, accommodation, transport, culture, and entertainment sectors, and protecting cultural heritage and the survival of traditional crafts, and the development of characteristic products. Tourism has become an important channel for green growth and higher incomes for farmers and herdsmen.
青藏高原各省区在生态保护第一的前提下，大力发展特色旅游业，推进全域旅游，加快旅游基础设施和配套设施建设，提升旅游业开放水平，促进旅游业与文化、体育、康养等产业深度融合。西藏自治区依托自然保护区、国家森林公园、国家湿地公园建设发展生态旅游，打造全域旅游精品路线。四川省开发大九寨、大草原等旅游经济圈，推动阿坝州、甘孜州国家全域旅游示范区建设。甘肃省大力培育山水生态游、草原湿地游等，甘南州开展全域旅游无垃圾示范区建设，努力实现旅游业发展与生态环境保护双赢。
Giving top priority to ecological protection, provinces and autonomous regions on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are promoting characteristic and holistic tourism, building new tourism infrastructure and supporting facilities, and encouraging tourism to integrate with the cultural, sports and health industries. The Tibet Autonomous Region is developing ecological tourism and quality holistic tourist routes based on nature reserves, national forest parks, and national wetland parks. Sichuan Province focuses on developing the Jiuzhaigou-Ruoergai Grassland tourism economic circle, and holistic tourism demonstration areas in Aba Prefecture and Garze Prefecture. Gansu Province is cultivating landscape and prairie & wetland eco-tours, building garbage-free demonstration areas for holistic tourism in Gannan Prefecture, and coordinating growth in tourism with eco-environmental protection.
2017年，西藏自治区共接待游客2561.4万人次，旅游收入达379.4亿元，占当年全区国内生产总值的28.95%；青海省接待游客3484.1万人次，旅游收入达381.53亿元，占当年全省国内生产总值的14.44%。2017年，云南省迪庆州接待游客2676万人次，旅游收入达298亿元。甘肃省高原区域接待旅游人数、旅游收入连续7年保持两位数增长，2017年接待游客1105.6万人次，旅游收入达51.35亿元。
In 2017, Tibet hosted more than 25.61 million visitors and its revenues totaled RMB37.94 billion, representing 28.95 percent of the region’s GDP; Qinghai received 34.84 million visitors and its revenues totaled RMB38.15 billion, representing 14.44 percent of the province’s GDP. In 2017, Yunnan Province’s Deqen Prefecture received 26.76 million visitors, providing revenues of RMB29.8 billion. The number of visitors to and the tourism revenues of the plateau region of Gansu Province have grown at a double-digit rate for the last seven years. In 2017, it received 11.06 million tourists providing revenues of more than RMB5.14 billion.
