六、生态文化逐渐形成
VI. A Developing Culture That Values Ecological Awareness文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/6023.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/6023.html
随着青藏高原生态文明建设的不断推进，人们的思想观念和生活方式发生了深刻变化，保护生态环境就是保护美好家园已经成为社会共识，生态文化自信日益增强。文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/6023.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/6023.html
With advances in ecological conservation on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, there has been a profound change in how people think and live. It has become widely recognized that protecting the environment means protecting our common home, with growing confidence in our eco-culture.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/6023.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/6023.html
生态文明理念日益深入人心文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/6023.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/6023.html
Ecological awareness is taking root.文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/6023.html
文章源自英文巴士-https://www.en84.com/6023.html
生态文明建设过程中，青藏高原诸省区通过加大环境保护宣传、建设文化基础设施、开展教育培训、提升民众参与度、表彰先进人员、创建生态节日等，使生态文明理念逐步普及。“靠山吃山、靠水吃水”的传统观念逐渐被“青山绿水是金山银山、冰天雪地也是金山银山”的新观念取代；尊重自然、顺应自然、保护自然的理念得到推崇。
To promote ecological progress on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the relevant provinces and autonomous regions have taken active measures to increase public awareness of eco-conservation, such as strengthening public campaigns on environmental protection, building cultural infrastructure, organizing education and training sessions, encouraging public participation, rewarding role models, and introducing eco-themed holidays. In the past, people would exhaust their natural environment for food and wealth, but now they are beginning to understand that green mountains and clear water, and even snow and ice, are valuable assets that represent our true wealth. The idea of respecting nature, following nature’s law, and protecting nature has become popular.
“十二五”期间，西藏自治区开展重点公共文化设施建设项目，实施了综合文化体育设施工程、流动电影服务工程、农家书屋工程、村级广播信息资源共享工程、村卫生室医疗设备完善工程、太阳能公共照明工程等建设工程，建成文化广场1616个；实现了地（市）群艺馆，县（区）综合文化活动中心、新华书店，乡镇综合文化站和农家书屋全覆盖。同时，开展年度节能宣传周和低碳日宣传活动，增强生态环境保护意识。在文明城市、文明村镇等各类精神文明创建中，将生态环保作为评选表彰各类先进典型的重要依据。拉萨市通过实施“环境立市”战略，提升城市环境质量，并持续开展“家在社区、五美家庭”等群众性精神文明创建活动；持续开展净化环境、保护生态等志愿服务。在广大农牧区开展“美丽乡村文明养成”精神文明活动；组建村（居）志愿服务工作队，开展打扫村庄卫生、植树造林、水源及动植物保护等活动。
During the 12th Five-year Plan period, Tibet Autonomous Region built a series of key public cultural facilities, and initiated such programs as cultural and sports facilities, movie circuits, village libraries, sharing village-level broadcasting resource, upgrading village clinic equipment, and solar lighting for public use. During the period, 1,616 cultural plazas were opened in Tibet, which now boasts an extensive network of cultural facilities, including public arts galleries at the prefecture/city level, cultural centers at the county/district level, Xinhua bookstores, township cultural stations, and village libraries. The autonomous region has also carried out “energy-conserving week” and “low-carbon day” campaigns to enhance the public’s awareness of environmental protection, which has also become an important basis for evaluating the performance of villages, towns, and cities when selecting role models in this regard. Emphasizing the importance of the environment, Lhasa City is striving to improve its urban environment; it encourages the public, with families as units, to take part in related community activities, and organizes volunteers to clean the streets and protect the natural ecology. Similar campaigns have also been rolled out in farming and pastoral areas, where villagers and residents are grouped as volunteers to keep their villages clean, plant trees, and protect water sources and wildlife.
甘肃省甘南州开展生态文明先行示范区建设。通过实行严格的源头保护制度、损害赔偿制度、责任追究制度等，完善环境治理和生态修复机制，强化生态文明建设的引领导向作用。并将生态环保理念纳入全州干部在线学习教育内容，编写发行面向全州中小学生、党政干部、农牧民等不同层次的《甘南州生态文明教育读本》，开通环保网站，播放环保公益广告，推送手机环保短信，举办“生态立州”有奖征文，强化各级干部群众生态环保理念，提高人们对生态保护重要性的认识，营造爱护环境的良好风气。
Gannan Prefecture in Gansu Province is working to be a model area of ecological conservation by enacting strict measures on water source protection, damage compensation and accountability. Much is being done to improve the environmental management and ecological remediation systems, and strengthen the guiding role of ecological progress. To enhance public awareness of environmental protection, the prefecture has included eco-education in the online study materials for its officials. It has also compiled various eco-education readings to distribute to elementary and secondary school students, Party and government officials, and farmers and herdsmen, opened a website on ecological education, aired eco-themed public-service advertisements, pushed text messages to mobile phones, and held writing contests on conservation.
青海省印发《关于开展“文明青海”建设活动的实施意见》，开展“清洁三江源，保护母亲河”“青海湖生态保护”等大型志愿服务活动，倡导移风易俗和生产生活新风尚。算好“绿色账”，走好“绿色路”，打好“绿色牌”的环保观念和“生态似水、发展如舟”的生态意识逐步深入人心。
Qinghai Province has issued the Opinions on Promoting Green Lifestyles in Qinghai, and held major campaigns to clean the Sanjiangyuan area and protect the environment of Qinghai Lake. The government encourages the public to abandon outdated habits and embrace new and green lifestyles, enhance ecological awareness, and correctly understand the interdependent relationship between good ecology and sound development.
绿色生活方式日益形成
Green lifestyle is bedding in.
随着生态文明建设的不断深入，高原农牧民“人畜混居”、燃薪烧粪等生活方式逐步发生变化，绿色建筑、绿色能源、洁净居住、绿色出行日益成为受欢迎的生活方式。
As ecological awareness spreads on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, fewer farmers and herdsmen keep livestock in their houses or burn firewood and dung for heating. Green housing, green energy, living on clean energy, and green travel have become increasingly popular lifestyle habits.
青藏高原诸省区积极推进新能源多元化利用，以太阳能为主的新能源已广泛应用于取暖、做饭、照明、灌溉、通讯等生产生活的各个方面。被动式太阳房是西藏太阳能利用较早的技术之一，20世纪80年代开始在阿里、那曲、拉萨等地市推广应用。太阳房能基本满足冬季采暖要求，改善了生活环境，提高了生活质量。房屋节能环保程度已成为农牧民建房时的重要决策因素。截至2017年年底，以水能、太阳能、沼气为主的清洁能源已达到西藏自治区电力总装机容量的87%，推广太阳灶40多万台，太阳能热水器45万平方米，被动式太阳房约42万平方米，降低了农牧民对传统燃料的依赖。
On the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, new energy is being used for a diversity of purposes. Solar energy and other new energy have been widely applied in heating, cooking, lighting, irrigation, telecommunications, and other areas of daily life and work. In Tibet, passive solar housing is one of the first solar technologies introduced – it first appeared in Ali, Naqu and Lhasa in the 1980s. In addition to providing heating in winter, solar housing offers a better home environment and raises people’s living standards. Energy conservation and environmental protection have become important factors for farmers and herdsmen on the Plateau to consider when they build houses. By the end of 2017 clean energy – mainly water power, solar energy and biogas – contributed 87 percent of the total installed capacity of electricity in Tibet Autonomous Region. There were more than 400,000 solar stoves in use, with solar water heating systems covering 450,000 sq m of floor space and passive solar housing some 420,000 sq m. All of this is reducing the public’s reliance on traditional fuels.
青海省实施省级农牧区被动式太阳能暖房建设工程，推广太阳灶、太阳能热水器、太阳能电池、户用风力发电机，推动“以电代煤”“以电代粪”等项目。截至2017年年底，青海省累计推广太阳灶10.22万台、太阳能热水器1.28万台、太阳能电池9200套；建设被动式太阳能暖房1.31万套，示范面积达130.5万平方米。电热炕、光伏供热等取暖方式逐步替代了燃烧牛粪和煤块的传统方式，减少了污染排放，改善了生活环境，提高了生活水平，同时降低了对草地的过度索取，促进了草地生态系统的恢复和改善。
In Qinghai, provincial-level programs have been initiated in farming and pastoral areas to promote passive solar housing, solar stoves, solar water heaters, solar batteries, and household wind turbines, and to replace the burning of coal and dung with electricity for heating. By the end of 2017, support from the province had resulted in the use of 102,200 solar stoves, 12,800 solar water heaters, and 9,200 sets of solar batteries; 13,100 passive solar housing units had been built as demonstration projects, totaling 1,305,000 sq m. Electric and photovoltaic heating have gradually replaced dung and coal-burning, contributing to reduced pollutant emissions, a better home environment, and higher living standards. This has also reined in excess exploitation of grasslands, beneficial to the remediation and improvement of the grassland ecosystem.
青藏高原诸省区通过建设生态文明小康村，开展改厕、改圈、改房等活动，实施生活垃圾收集转运、生活污水收集处理、饮用水水源地保护、秸秆综合利用、噪声综合治理、人畜粪便污染综合治理等工程，减少了垃圾乱陈、私搭乱建、乱采乱挖、随意焚烧等不文明现象，住房、饮水、出行等居住环境和生活条件明显改善，基本实现了干净、整洁和便利。
In villages on the Plateau, a number of measures have been taken to improve the environment. By building modern-standard toilets, livestock pens, and housing, and undertaking domestic garbage collection and disposal, domestic wastewater collection and treatment, drinking water source protection, efficient crop stalk utilization, noise abatement, and human and livestock feces pollution control, the local governments have effectively addressed such problems as random dumping of garbage, illegal construction or extension of houses, unauthorized mining, and open-air burning of crop stalks. People on the Plateau now enjoy better housing, drinking water and transport, and a clean environment and convenient facilities.
2017年，共享单车进入西藏拉萨，迅速成为老百姓出行的选择，形成了美丽的城市风景线；拉萨、西宁等高原城市新能源汽车数量稳步提升，珠穆朗玛峰、纳帕海等自然保护区核心区已实现新能源汽车运营服务。绿色交通、文明旅游成为新的出行方式。
In 2017, shared bicycle services entered Lhasa. These bicycles quickly became a favored choice for the locals when they needed to go somewhere, adding flavor to the city’s charms. In Lhasa, Xining and other high-altitude cities, the number of new-energy vehicles keeps increasing; in core protection areas such as the Qomolangma and Napa Lake transport services are provided by new-energy vehicles. Green transport and tourism have become the preferred options of the public.
生态文化自信持续增强
Confidence in the ecological culture is getting enhanced.
青藏高原美丽的风景，良好的生态本底，以及生态文明建设取得的成就，极大地提升了当地人民群众的生态文化自信。美丽乡村、文明校园、文明家庭等多种形式的生态文明建设活动，使高原人民的精神面貌焕然一新。人们参与生态文明建设的积极性、主动性不断增强，幸福感、获得感不断提升，对拥有青山绿水和冰天雪地倍感自豪。
The beauty of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, its sound ecological base, and the progress made in conservation have significantly boosted local people’s confidence in their ecological culture. Eco-themed public campaigns in villages, on campus and in communities have breathed fresh air into the people’s lives and lifted their spirit. People are increasingly active in joining ecological efforts, and are more content with life and have a greater sense of gain. They are proud of the ice and snow as much as the green mountains and clear water.
至2017年，西藏自治区围绕建设美丽西藏，建成自治区级10个生态县、173个生态乡镇、1924个生态村；林芝市巴宜区被授予全国第一批生态文明建设示范县。青海省建成1200个高原美丽乡村，西宁市成为国家森林城市。四川省阿坝州创建省级生态县1个、国家级和省级生态乡镇16个和50个，省级生态村30个。云南省迪庆州建成了45个州级生态文明村。甘肃省甘南州分别创建国家级和省级生态乡镇2个和14个，国家级和省级生态村14个和11个。这些生态文明建设成就显著改善了人居环境和民生条件，增强了高原人民保护好最后一片净土的信心。
By 2017, 10 counties, 173 towns and townships, and 1,924 villages in Tibet had been designated as models of eco-preservation at the provincial level. Bayi District in Nyingchi City became one of the first state-level model counties for ecological progress. In Qinghai, 1,200 villages were honored “beautiful plateau villages”, and Xining became a state-level forest city. In Aba Prefecture, Sichuan Province, one county was selected as the provincial eco-progress model, 16 towns were commended as eco-progress models at state level, 50 towns and 30 villages at provincial level. In Deqen Prefecture of Yunnan, 45 eco-progress villages have been selected as eco-progress models at prefectural level. In Gannan Prefecture of Gansu Province, the figures were two towns and 14 villages at national level, and 14 towns and 11 villages at provincial level. These achievements have not only improved people’s living conditions and daily life, but also enhanced their commitment to safeguarding the serenity of the Plateau.
2017年，青海可可西里在联合国教科文组织第41届世界遗产委员会会议上被成功列入《世界遗产名录》，成为中国面积最大、平均海拔最高的世界自然遗产地。世界自然保护联盟在评估报告中说，可可西里一望无垠，几乎没有受到现代人类活动的冲击，美景“令人赞叹不已”。可可西里申遗成功提高了生活在高原上的人们保护自然、关爱生命的意识，进一步激发了人们建设生态文明的自豪感、责任感。
In 2017, at the 41st session of the World Heritage Committee, Hol Xil of Qinghai Province was included in UNESCO’s World Heritage List, making it China’s largest and highest natural heritage site. In its assessment report, the World Conservation Union took note of Hol Xil’s expansive natural beauty – free of human activity – describing it as “an amazing scene to behold”. Hol Xil’s inclusion in the World Heritage List has succeeded in raising public awareness of nature and wildlife, further boosting their sense of responsibility and pride in ecological conservation.
结束语
Conclusion
经过长期不懈努力，青藏高原生态文明建设取得了显著成效，促进了高原生态安全屏障功能的稳定与区域可持续发展，提升了人民福祉。
Through years of rigorous effort, marked progress has been made in ecological conservation on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The function of the Plateau as an eco-safety barrier has been further consolidated, with increased levels of regional sustainability and public wellbeing.
同时，青藏高原生态文明建设仍然面临诸多挑战。突出表现在：受全球变化影响，冰川退缩、冻土消融、灾害风险加大的威胁依然存在；经济发展过程中，保护与发展的矛盾仍然突出。巩固和提升生态文明建设成果，任务依然艰巨。
That said, the Plateau still faces many ecological challenges. The main ones are glacier retreat, melting permafrost, and other growing disaster risks due to global warming, and prominent contradictions between protection and development in the course of economic growth. We still face an arduous task in consolidating and furthering our ecological achievements.
在今后的青藏高原生态文明建设中，中国将不断改革生态环境监管体制，促进生态文明制度创新；科学调控人类活动，实施生态保护修复和环境保护重大工程，优化生态安全屏障体系，着力解决突出的生态与环境问题；完善低碳循环发展的经济体系和安全高效的能源体系，转变生产生活方式，推进绿色发展；健全高原生态文化建设平台体系与功能，弘扬生态文明理念。
In the future, China will continue to work on the following measures:
- reform its environmental monitoring system,
- promote institutional reform in ecological conservation,
- efficiently control human activity,
- restore the ecology and environment through major programs,
- improve the eco-safety barrier system,
- strive to solve pressing ecological and environmental problems,
- refine the low-carbon and circular economy and safe and efficient energy system,
- transform the approach to daily life and work,
- promote green development,
- improve the functions of the plateau eco-culture platform, and
- spread the idea of ecological conservation.
青藏高原是大自然赐予中国人民和全人类的财富，保护好青藏高原的生态环境，是中国人民的责任。中共中央总书记习近平在中国共产党第十九次全国代表大会上指出：“我们要建设的现代化是人与自然和谐共生的现代化，既要创造更多物质财富和精神财富以满足人民日益增长的美好生活需要，也要提供更多优质生态产品以满足人民日益增长的优美生态环境需要。”新时代青藏高原生态文明建设，是“建设美丽中国”的重要内容。中国人民有信心建设更加美丽的青藏高原，努力实现人与自然的和谐共处。
The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is a wealth endowed by nature to the Chinese people and humanity as a whole. It is the Chinese people’s responsibility to protect the ecology of the Plateau. At the 19th National Congress of the CPC, General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee Xi Jinping pointed out, “The modernization that we pursue is one characterized by harmonious coexistence between man and nature. In addition to creating more material and cultural wealth to meet people’s ever-increasing expectation of a better life, we need also to provide more quality ecological goods to meet people’s ever-growing demands for a beautiful environment.” Ecological progress on the Plateau in the new era is an important component of the Beautiful China initiative. The Chinese people are committed to making the Plateau an even more beautiful place, and to realizing harmonious coexistence between man and nature.
